Code:
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$ cat f37
ABC 1634230,1634284,1634349,1634468 1634272,1634301,1634356,1634534
PQR 10,9,8,7 1,2,3,4
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$ perl -ane '@x = map {$_ - 1} split/,/, $F[1];
@y = map {$_ + 1} split/,/, $F[2];
printf ("%s %s %s\n", "@F", join(",", @x[1..$#x]), join(",", @y[0..$#y-1]))
' f37
ABC 1634230,1634284,1634349,1634468 1634272,1634301,1634356,1634534 1634283,1634348,1634467 1634273,1634302,1634357
PQR 10,9,8,7 1,2,3,4 8,7,6 2,3,4
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