Shell Programming and Scripting

  awk '
      {
          gsub( ">", "" );        #replace the > with space
          gsub( " ", "~" );          #replace the  space with match 
          gsub( "<", " " );          #replace the < with space
   
   
          for( i = 1; i <= NF; i++ )          #For loop which sets i to 1 and i is less than or equal to number  of fields and I increases by 1 each time the loop run. 
   
          {
              if( split( $(i), a, "=" ) == 2 )  #split the string i into array a on the regular expression. 
  What is ==2 doing 
              {
                  gsub(  "\"", "", a[2] ); #replace \ with space 
  What is a[2] doing , is this array index 2 if so why index 2
                  gsub(  "~", " ", a[2] );
                  values[a[1]] = a[2];
  What is this doing values [a[1]]=a[2];             
  }
          }
   
          gcount[values["Gender"]]++;         # collect counts
          acount[values["Age"]]++;
   
          printf( "%s %s %s %s\n", values["NAME"], values["Age"], values["D.O.B"], values["Gender"] );
      }
   
      END {
          printf( "\nAge Count" );
          for( x in acount ) #for loop make the x as index for array acount 
              printf( "%s %d\n", x, acount[x] );
  What is this print doing? It is printing the values in x but how. 
          printf( "\nGender Count:\n" );
          for( x in gcount )
              printf( "%s %d\n", x, gcount[x] );
      }
  ' input_file

  [date+time], message=[DATA= “<?xml version=”1.0?”><data changeMsg><NAME=”John Smith”><Age=”23”><D.O.B=”11-10-1988”> <Gender=”Male”>”