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Maybe I catch your word:-)

cat file.rpt | awk '{dl=NF-1;sum[$dl]+=$NF}END{for(item in sum)print item,sum[item]}'

"Process the file line by line" is just the function of awk!
I think you must go over it.

FS="\n", such statement is used just when you want to process file paragraph by paragraph. It may...

Sorry, I couldn't catch your word.
Maybe explain it in detail please?

You may go over bash's syntax.
1. It is better to use $() instead of `` in bash, a modern shell.
2. The syntax of Arithmetic expression in Bash: $(())
y=$(($x / 7))
3. No "printf" command ...

It is never said that "daemon+wait" is the only way to make "Co-process" in Bash, but the typical way.
What's more, conceptly, "named pipe" is different from "Co-process". The former depends some...

Well, it's the typical way to make "co-process" in Bash, isn't it? Maybe ksh would be better. But I just know Bash. ;)

Do you mean files with suffix name .l ?

Here is bash's implementation(Csh is similar to it):

#!/bin/sh
while read -a lfiles -p "Enter files to process:"; do
for file in "${lfiles[@]}";do...

It copys one specified file to multiple "unique"(filter those different pathnames which in fact point to the same physical path) paths with parallelism in bash. In contrast to sequential copy...

The complication of the pattern expression is determined by the situation.
There exists more possibility of modification of it. :-)

sed 's@<\([^<>][^<>]*\)>\([^<>]*\)</\1>@\2@g'

Just try Gawk!
It performs in superior to other awk's clones.

expr $var1 + $var2

Remember, variable's reference can't be prefixed with $ unless they are position variables like $0~$NF.
Ygor is right. However, you didn't modify your variable reference, so you failed.
Just skip...

Just do it when you want to use these external variables in BEGIN procedure too.

Well, the Bash of modern versions(>=2.0) provides a featured concept, called Process Substitution.
However, it works like chaos and functions limitedly.
Anyone can give some advanced way to make...