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1.'~' in the shell

ls ~ # lists your home directory
ls ~me # will try to list the home directory of someone with a login name of 'me'
user=you
ls ~$user # will try to list...

It's not clear from your query what are you actually need.
If you simply want to find out was this file was modified (or created) in the
last 'n' minutes, you can use 'find' command:


find ....

Just the speed. If input files will be thousands of lines or more
difference will be very significant .;)

If you only read file, you should not worry about file locking and
accessing -- OS will take care of it. Anyway, when you write to the file from shell it is no reliable way from the OS point to...

If you depend on the line numbers for the insertion,
probably the easiest way is to use awk (nawk).

awk '
# Insert line in the file before line 5
NR=5 { print"The line you need"}
...