Have difficulty to understand this pure C code to only print vowels twice from input string. Questions are commented at the end of each place.
The code was compiled without any problem, Q1: How does the logic work by repeating the same condition on both sides of "||" ? I tried using only one side of the OR condition, the code compiled without error but did not work as expected.
Q2:Even not quite sure how to ask this question. Is this a prototype of a function? But the calling is without any parameter see Q3.
Q3: Calling of the function does not have a parameter at all. How does it work?
Q4: I thought I understand this line, but I must have wrong catch because of Q2.
Have difficulty to understand this pure C code to only print vowels twice from input string. Questions are commented at the end of each place.
The code was compiled without any problem, Q1: How does the logic work by repeating the same condition on both sides of "||" ? I tried using only one side of the OR condition, the code compiled without error but did not work as expected.
putchar(c) returns 0 on success or EOF on error. So, if the first putchar(c) succeeds, the second putchar(c) will also be executed. If both of them succeed, the expression tested will be 0 || 0 and the else side of the if statement will have putcharTwice() return c. If either putchar(c) failed, putcharTwice() will return EOF.
Quote:
Q2:Even not quite sure how to ask this question. Is this a prototype of a function? But the calling is without any parameter see Q3.
int (*table[NUM_CHARS]) (int); is a declaration stating that table is an array of 256 pointers to functions and those functions take one argument of type int and return an int.
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Q3: Calling of the function does not have a parameter at all. How does it work?
sets the 1st 255 of the 256 elements of the table[] array to be a pointer to the putchar() function. It does not call putchar().
resets the elements of the table[] array corresponding the the character a to point to the function putcharTwice(). And the following statements do the same thing for the other lowercase vowels in the English alphabet. These assignments do not call putchar() or putcharTwice() either.
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Q4: I thought I understand this line, but I must have wrong catch because of Q2.
is a loop that reads one character at a time from standard input until it detects an error or end-of-file condition. For each character read, it calls the function specified by the element of table[] corresponding to the character read with an argument that is the character read.
Quote:
Thanks a lot!
Hope this helps.
These 2 Users Gave Thanks to Don Cragun For This Post:
Thanks Don! I seem to get closer to understand it. With a simpler test, here is my dissection of the execution:
but I still did not get how putcharTwice( int c) print the chars (now vowels only) twice.
For putcharTwice('e'): (putchar('e') == EOF || putchar('e') == EOF) becomes (0 || 0) so that the else block is executed to return 'e'; but how is 'e' printed twice to have ee with this function?
Thanks again!
Last edited by yifangt; 05-17-2017 at 01:45 PM..
Reason: typo
but I still did not get how putcharTwice( int c) print the chars (now vowels only) twice.
Because putchar isn't returning EOF.
From man putchar:
So if you're printing C, it ends up testing 'C' == EOF, which evaluates to 0, allowing it to reach the second part, testing 'C' == EOF again, which is false again.
Is there another layer hidden behind for printing with putchar() in the if-condition?
The return value is EOF or a single vowel, which is the first part bugging me.
Does that mean in if (putchar(c) == EOF || putchar(c) == EOF) , function putchar(c) gets actually executed twice?
I thought this line is just a condition, and before the end only the else block is executed so that the value is 'e', without printing.
Let me put my question in another way:
Is there another layer for printing hidden behind, such as when 'e' is encountered in 'Test'?
Is this correct?
Thanks!
What I meant is: Does putchar(c) == EOF have two layers?
First, putchar(c), which will print 'c' out;
Second, evaluate putchar(c) == EOF, which is false because first step is successful.
How does 'e' get printed twice in 'Test'? I need each step through the code.
i.e. how the function putcharTwice(int c) print each 'c' twice?
I am passing a char* to the function "reverse" and when I execute it with gdb I get:
Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0x000000000040083b in reverse (s=0x400b2b "hello") at pointersExample.c:72
72 *q = *p;
Attached is the source code.
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