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The space character is the concatenation operator in awk


$ echo "333" | awk '{ $0="space in front " $0 "no space after"; print $0}'
space in front 333no space after

give space. otherwise it will think it's another variable.

There's no point using cut inside awk.

out_value=substr($1,9,3)

...but for the record you could use backticks, variable=`command`; ...at a very large performance cost.