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Please become accustomed to provide decent context info of your problem.
It is always helpful to carefully and detailedly phrase a request, and to support it with system info like OS and shell,...

If you want the variable in the main shell (instead of a subshell)
then define a function:
yday() {
date '+%m %d %Y' | {
read MONTH DAY YEAR;
DAY=`expr "$DAY" - 1`;
...

Just as date printed three values that you used read to import into the second stage of your pipeline, you need to print the results you want to export from the second stage of your pipeline and read...

Use %d instead of %e to get the day zero-padded, or use %-e to rule out padding (may be misleading: $ date +%-e%-m%Y -dtomorrow
122013
).

tmstmp=`date +%e%b%Y_%H%M%S`
tmstmp=${tmstmp# }
file_name=Daily_Check"_"${tmstmp}.out