phys(2) [v7 man page]

PHYS(2) 							System Calls Manual							   PHYS(2)

NAME

       phys - allow a process to access physical addresses

SYNOPSIS

       phys(segreg, size, physadr)

DESCRIPTION

       The  argument  segreg specifies a process virtual (data-space) address range of 8K bytes starting at virtual address segregx8K bytes.  This
       address range is mapped into physical address physadrx64 bytes.	Only the first sizex64 bytes of this mapping is addressable.  If  size	is
       zero, any previous mapping of this virtual address range is nullified.  For example, the call

	    phys(6, 1, 0177775);

       will  map  virtual  addresses  0160000-0160077  into physical addresses 017777500-017777577.  In particular, virtual address 0160060 is the
       PDP-11 console located at physical address 017777560.

       This call may only be executed by the super-user.

SEE ALSO

       PDP-11 segmentation hardware

DIAGNOSTICS

       The function value zero is returned if the physical mapping is in effect.  The value -1 is returned if not super-user, if segreg is not	in
       the range 0-7, if size is not in the range 0-127, or if the specified segreg is already used for other than a previous call to phys.

BUGS

       This  system  call is obviously very machine dependent and very dangerous.  This system call is not considered a permanent part of the sys-
       tem.

ASSEMBLER

       (phys = 52.)
       sys phys; segreg; size; physadr

								       PDP11								   PHYS(2)

MLOCK(2)						      BSD System Calls Manual							  MLOCK(2)

NAME

     mlock, munlock -- lock (unlock) physical pages in memory

LIBRARY

     Standard C Library (libc, -lc)

SYNOPSIS

     #include <sys/mman.h>

     int
     mlock(const void *addr, size_t len);

     int
     munlock(const void *addr, size_t len);

DESCRIPTION

     The mlock() system call locks into memory the physical pages associated with the virtual address range starting at addr for len bytes.  The
     munlock() system call unlocks pages previously locked by one or more mlock() calls.  For both, the addr argument should be aligned to a mul-
     tiple of the page size.  If the len argument is not a multiple of the page size, it will be rounded up to be so.  The entire range must be
     allocated.

     After an mlock() system call, the indicated pages will cause neither a non-resident page nor address-translation fault until they are
     unlocked.	They may still cause protection-violation faults or TLB-miss faults on architectures with software-managed TLBs.  The physical
     pages remain in memory until all locked mappings for the pages are removed.  Multiple processes may have the same physical pages locked via
     their own virtual address mappings.  A single process may likewise have pages multiply-locked via different virtual mappings of the same
     pages or via nested mlock() calls on the same address range.  Unlocking is performed explicitly by munlock() or implicitly by a call to
     munmap() which deallocates the unmapped address range.  Locked mappings are not inherited by the child process after a fork(2).

     Since physical memory is a potentially scarce resource, processes are limited in how much they can lock down.  The amount of memory that a
     single process can mlock() is limited by both the per-process RLIMIT_MEMLOCK resource limit and the system-wide ``wired pages'' limit
     vm.max_wired.  vm.max_wired applies to the system as a whole, so the amount available to a single process at any given time is the difference
     between vm.max_wired and vm.stats.vm.v_wire_count.

     If security.bsd.unprivileged_mlock is set to 0 these calls are only available to the super-user.

RETURN VALUES

     Upon successful completion, the value 0 is returned; otherwise the value -1 is returned and the global variable errno is set to indicate the
     error.

     If the call succeeds, all pages in the range become locked (unlocked); otherwise the locked status of all pages in the range remains
     unchanged.

ERRORS

     The mlock() system call will fail if:

     [EPERM]		security.bsd.unprivileged_mlock is set to 0 and the caller is not the super-user.

     [EINVAL]		The address given is not page aligned or the length is negative.

     [EAGAIN]		Locking the indicated range would exceed the system limit for locked memory.

     [ENOMEM]		Some portion of the indicated address range is not allocated.  There was an error faulting/mapping a page.  Locking the
			indicated range would exceed the per-process limit for locked memory.
     The munlock() system call will fail if:

     [EPERM]		security.bsd.unprivileged_mlock is set to 0 and the caller is not the super-user.

     [EINVAL]		The address given is not page aligned or the length is negative.

     [ENOMEM]		Some or all of the address range specified by the addr and len arguments does not correspond to valid mapped pages in the
			address space of the process.

     [ENOMEM]		Locking the pages mapped by the specified range would exceed a limit on the amount of memory that the process may lock.

SEE ALSO

     fork(2), mincore(2), minherit(2), mlockall(2), mmap(2), munlockall(2), munmap(2), setrlimit(2), getpagesize(3)

HISTORY

     The mlock() and munlock() system calls first appeared in 4.4BSD.

BUGS

     Allocating too much wired memory can lead to a memory-allocation deadlock which requires a reboot to recover from.

     The per-process resource limit is a limit on the amount of virtual memory locked, while the system-wide limit is for the number of locked
     physical pages.  Hence a process with two distinct locked mappings of the same physical page counts as 2 pages against the per-process limit
     and as only a single page in the system limit.

     The per-process resource limit is not currently supported.

BSD
								   May 17, 2014 							       BSD