PS(1) General Commands Manual PS(1)NAME
ps - process status
SYNOPSIS
ps [ aklx ] [ namelist ]
DESCRIPTION
Ps prints certain indicia about active processes. The a option asks for information about all processes with terminals (ordinarily only
one's own processes are displayed); x asks even about processes with no terminal; l asks for a long listing. The short listing contains
the process ID, tty letter, the cumulative execution time of the process and an approximation to the command line.
The long listing is columnar and contains
F Flags associated with the process. 01: in core; 02: system process; 04: locked in core (e.g. for physical I/O); 10: being swapped;
20: being traced by another process.
S The state of the process. 0: nonexistent; S: sleeping; W: waiting; R: running; I: intermediate; Z: terminated; T: stopped.
UID The user ID of the process owner.
PID The process ID of the process; as in certain cults it is possible to kill a process if you know its true name.
PPID The process ID of the parent process.
CPU Processor utilization for scheduling.
PRI The priority of the process; high numbers mean low priority.
NICE Used in priority computation.
ADDR The core address of the process if resident, otherwise the disk address.
SZ The size in blocks of the core image of the process.
WCHAN The event for which the process is waiting or sleeping; if blank, the process is running.
TTY The controlling tty for the process.
TIME The cumulative execution time for the process.
The command and its arguments.
A process that has exited and has a parent, but has not yet been waited for by the parent is marked <defunct>. Ps makes an educated guess
as to the file name and arguments given when the process was created by examining core memory or the swap area. The method is inherently
somewhat unreliable and in any event a process is entitled to destroy this information, so the names cannot be counted on too much.
If the k option is specified, the file /usr/sys/core is used in place of /dev/mem. This is used for postmortem system debugging. If a
second argument is given, it is taken to be the file containing the system's namelist.
FILES
/unix system namelist
/dev/mem core memory
/usr/sys/core alternate core file
/dev searched to find swap device and tty names
SEE ALSO kill(1)BUGS
Things can change while ps is running; the picture it gives is only a close approximation to reality.
Some data printed for defunct processes is irrelevant
PDP11 PS(1)
Check Out this Related Man Page
PSTAT(1M)PSTAT(1M)NAME
pstat - print system facts
SYNOPSIS
pstat [ -aixptuf ] [ suboptions ] [ file ]
DESCRIPTION
Pstat interprets the contents of certain system tables. If file is given, the tables are sought there, otherwise in /dev/mem. The
required namelist is taken from /unix. Options are
-a Under -p, describe all process slots rather than just active ones.
-i Print the inode table with the these headings:
LOC The core location of this table entry.
FLAGS Miscellaneous state variables encoded thus:
L locked
U update time filsys(5)) must be corrected
A access time must be corrected
M file system is mounted here
W wanted by another process (L flag is on)
T contains a text file
C changed time must be corrected
CNT Number of open file table entries for this inode.
DEV Major and minor device number of file system in which this inode resides.
INO I-number within the device.
MODE Mode bits, see chmod(2).
NLK Number of links to this inode.
UID User ID of owner.
SIZ/DEV
Number of bytes in an ordinary file, or major and minor device of special file.
-x Print the text table with these headings:
LOC The core location of this table entry.
FLAGS Miscellaneous state variables encoded thus:
T ptrace(2) in effect
W text not yet written on swap device
L loading in progress
K locked
w wanted (L flag is on)
DADDR Disk address in swap, measured in multiples of 512 bytes.
CADDR Core address, measured in multiples of 64 bytes.
SIZE Size of text segment, measured in multiples of 64 bytes.
IPTR Core location of corresponding inode.
CNT Number of processes using this text segment.
CCNT Number of processes in core using this text segment.
-p Print process table for active processes with these headings:
LOC The core location of this table entry.
S Run state encoded thus:
0 no process
1 waiting for some event
3 runnable
4 being created
5 being terminated
6 stopped under trace
F Miscellaneous state variables, or-ed together:
01 loaded
02 the scheduler process
04 locked
010 swapped out
020 traced
040 used in tracing
0100 locked in by lock(2).
PRI Scheduling priority, see nice(2).
SIGNAL
Signals received (signals 1-16 coded in bits 0-15),
UID Real user ID.
TIM Time resident in seconds; times over 127 coded as 127.
CPU Weighted integral of CPU time, for scheduler.
NI Nice level, see nice(2).
PGRP Process number of root of process group (the opener of the controlling terminal).
PID The process ID number.
PPID The process ID of parent process.
ADDR If in core, the physical address of the `u-area' of the process measured in multiples of 64 bytes. If swapped out, the position in
the swap area measured in multiples of 512 bytes.
SIZE Size of process image in multiples of 64 bytes.
WCHAN Wait channel number of a waiting process.
LINK Link pointer in list of runnable processes.
TEXTP If text is pure, pointer to location of text table entry.
CLKT Countdown for alarm(2) measured in seconds.
-t Print table for terminals (only DH11 and DL11 handled) with these headings:
RAW Number of characters in raw input queue.
CAN Number of characters in canonicalized input queue.
OUT Number of characters in putput queue.
MODE See tty(4).
ADDR Physical device address.
DEL Number of delimiters (newlines) in canonicalized input queue.
COL Calculated column position of terminal.
STATE Miscellaneous state variables encoded thus:
W waiting for open to complete
O open
S has special (output) start routine
C carrier is on
B busy doing output
A process is awaiting output
X open for exclusive use
H hangup on close
PGRP Process group for which this is controlling terminal.
-u print information about a user process; the next argument is its address as given by ps(1). The process must be in main memory, or
the file used can be a core image and the address 0.
-f Print the open file table with these headings:
LOC The core location of this table entry.
FLG Miscellaneous state variables encoded thus:
R open for reading
W open for writing
P pipe
CNT Number of processes that know this open file.
INO The location of the inode table entry for this file.
OFFS The file offset, see lseek(2).
FILES
/unix namelist
/dev/mem default source of tables
SEE ALSO ps(1), stat(2), filsys(5)
K. Thompson, UNIX Implementation
PSTAT(1M)