v7 man page for beep

BEEP(1) 						      General Commands Manual							   BEEP(1)

NAME
       beep - beep the pc speaker any number of ways

SYNOPSIS
       beep [--verbose | --debug] [-e device | --device device] [-f N] [-l N] [-r N] [-d N] [-D N] [-s] [-c]

       beep [ OPTIONS ] [-n] [--new] [ OPTIONS ]

       beep [-h] [--help]

       beep [-v] [-V] [--version]

DESCRIPTION
       beep allows the user to control the pc-speaker with precision, allowing different sounds to indicate different events.  While it can be run
       quite happily on the command line, it's intended place of residence is within shell/perl scripts, notifying the user when something  inter-
       esting occurs.  Of course, it has no notion of what's interesting, but it's real good at that notifying part.

       All  options have default values, meaning that just typing 'beep' will work.  If an option is specified more than once on the command line,
       subsequent options override their predecessors.	So 'beep -f 200 -f 300' will beep at 300Hz.

OPTIONS
       --verbose, --debug
	      enable debug output. This option prints a line like the following before each beep:

	      [DEBUG] 5 times 200 ms beeps (100 delay between, 0 delay after) @ 1000.00 Hz

       -e device, --device device
	      use device as event device. If the switch isn't used, /dev/tty0 and /dev/vc/0 are tried in turn.

       -f N   beep at N Hz, where 0 < N < 20000.  As a general ballpark, the regular terminal beep is  around  750Hz.	N  is  not,  incidentally,
	      restricted to whole numbers.

       -l N   beep for N milliseconds.

       -r N   specify the number of repetitions (defaults to 1).

       -d N, -D N
	      specify  a  delay  of N milliseconds between repetitions.  Use of -d specifies that this delay should only occur between beeps, that
	      is, it should not occur after the last repetition.  -D indicates that the delay should occur after every repetition,  including  the
	      last.   Normally,  -d  is what you want, but if, for example, you are stringing several beep commands together to play the star wars
	      anthem, you may want control over every delay.

       -n, --new
	      this option allows you to break the command line up into specifying multiple beeps.  Each time this  option  is  used,  beep  starts
	      treating all further arguments as though they were for a new beep.  So for example:

	      beep -f 1000 -n -f 2000 -n -f 1500

	      would  produce  a  sequence  of three beeps, the first with a frequency of 1000Hz (and otherwise default values), then a second beep
	      with a frequency of 2000Hz (again, with things like delay and reps being set to their defaults), then a third beep, at 1500Hz.  This
	      is  different  from specifying a -r value, since -r repeats the same beep multiple times, whereas -n allows you to specify different
	      beeps.  After a -n, the new beep is created with all the default values, and any of these can be specified without  altering  values
	      for preceding (or later) beeps.  See the EXAMPLES section if this managed to confuse you.

       -s, -c these  options  put beep into input-processing mode.  -s tells beep to read from stdin, and beep after each newline, and -c tells it
	      to do so after every character.  In both cases, the program will also echo the input back out to stdout, which makes it easy to slip
	      beep into a text-processing pipeline, see the EXAMPLES section.

       -h, --help
	      display usage info and exit

       -v, -V, --version
	      display version information and exit

EXAMPLES
       At its simplest (yet still effective)

	      beep

       A more interesting standalone setup

	      beep -f 300.7 -r 2 -d 100 -l 400

       As part of a log-watching pipeline

	      tail -f /var/log/xferlog | grep --line-buffered passwd | 
	      beep -f 1000 -r 5 -s

       When  using  -c	mode, I recommend using a short -D, and a shorter -l, so that the beeps don't blur together.  Something like this will get
       you a cheesy 1970's style beep-as-you-type-each-letter effect

	      cat file | beep -c -f 400 -D 50 -l 10

       A highly contrived example of -n/--new usage

	      beep -f 1000 -r 2 -n -r 5 -l 10 --new

	      will produce first two 1000Hz beeps, then 5 beeps at the default tone, but only 10ms long each, followed by a third beep	using  all
	      the default settings (since none are specified).

IOCTL WACKINESS
       Some  users will encounter a situation where beep dies with a complaint from ioctl().  The reason for this, as Peter Tirsek was nice enough
       to point out to me, stems from how the kernel handles beep's attempt to poke at (for non-programmers: ioctl is a sort of catch-all function
       that  lets  you	poke at things that have no other predefined poking-at mechanism) the tty, which is how it beeps.  The short story is, the
       kernel checks that either:

       - you are the superuser

       - you own the current tty

       What this means is that root can always make beep work (to the best of my knowledge!), and that any local user can make beep  work,  BUT  a
       non-root  remote  user  cannot  use beep in it's natural state.	What's worse, an xterm, or other x-session counts, as far as the kernel is
       concerned, as 'remote', so beep won't work from a non-privileged xterm either.  I had originally chalked this up  to  a	bug,  but  there's
       actually nothing I can do about it, and it really is a Good Thing that the kernel does things this way.	There is also a solution.

       By  default  beep is not installed with the suid bit set, because that would just be zany.  On the other hand, if you do make it suid root,
       all your problems with beep bailing on ioctl calls will magically vanish, which is pleasant, and the only reason not to is  that  any  suid
       program is a potential security hole.  Conveniently, beep is very short, so auditing it is pretty straightforward.

       Decide  for yourself, of course, but it looks safe to me - there's only one buffer and fgets doesn't let it overflow, there's only one file
       opening, and while there is a potential race condition there, it's with /dev/console.  If  someone  can	exploit  this  race  by  replacing
       /dev/console, you've got bigger problems.  :)

       So the quick, only, and likely safe solution if beep is not beeping when you want it to is (as root):

       # chmod 4755 /usr/bin/beep

       (or wherever you put it)

       The one snag is that this will give any little nitwit the ability to run beep successfully - make sure this is what you want.  If it isn't,
       a slightly more complex fix would be something like:

       # chgrp beep /usr/bin/beep

       # chmod 4750 /usr/bin/beep

       and then add only beep-worthy users to the 'beep' group.

FREQUENCY TABLE
       Several people have asked for some basic help translating music notes to frequencies.  There are a lot of music notes, and  several  tables
       online will give you translations, but here are approximate numbers for the octave of middle C, to get you started.

       Note	 Frequency
       C	 261.6
       C#	 277.2
       D	 293.7
       D#	 311.1
       E	 329.6
       F	 349.2
       F#	 370.0
       G	 392.0
       G#	 415.3
       A	 440.0
       A#	 466.2
       B	 493.9
       C	 523.2

BUGS
       None that I'm aware of, though see the IOCTL WACKINESS section.

REPORTING BUGS
       Report bugs to <johnath@johnath.com>

AUTHOR
       This  program was written by Johnathan Nightingale (johnath@johnath.com) and is distributed under the GNU General Public License.  For more
       contributing information, check the source, and past contributors can be found in CREDITS.

								     July 2008								   BEEP(1)