echo(1b) [sunos man page]
echo(1B) SunOS/BSD Compatibility Package Commands echo(1B) NAME
echo - echo arguments to standard output SYNOPSIS
/usr/ucb/echo [-n] [argument] DESCRIPTION
echo writes its arguments, separated by BLANKs and terminated by a NEWLINE, to the standard output. echo is useful for producing diagnostics in command files and for sending known data into a pipe, and for displaying the contents of envi- ronment variables. For example, you can use echo to determine how many subdirectories below the root directory (/) is your current directory, as follows: o echo your current-working-directory's full pathname o pipe the output through tr to translate the path's embedded slash-characters into space-characters o pipe that output through wc -w for a count of the names in your path. example% /usr/bin/echo "echo $PWD | tr '/' ' ' | wc -w" See tr(1) and wc(1) for their functionality. The shells csh(1), ksh(1), and sh(1), each have an echo built-in command, which, by default, will have precedence, and will be invoked if the user calls echo without a full pathname. /usr/ucb/echo and csh's echo() have an -n option, but do not understand back-slashed escape characters. sh's echo(), ksh's echo(), and /usr/bin/echo, on the other hand, understand the black-slashed escape characters, and ksh's echo() also understands a as the audible bell character; however, these commands do not have an -n option. OPTIONS
-n Do not add the NEWLINE to the output. ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes: +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+ | ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE | +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+ |Availability |SUNWscpu | +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+ SEE ALSO
csh(1), echo(1), ksh(1), sh(1), tr(1), wc(1), attributes(5) NOTES
The -n option is a transition aid for BSD applications, and may not be supported in future releases. SunOS 5.10 3 Aug 1994 echo(1B)
Check Out this Related Man Page
echo(1) General Commands Manual echo(1) NAME
echo - Writes its arguments to standard output SYNOPSIS
echo [-n] [string...] [Tru64 UNIX] The -n option is valid only if the environment variable CMD_ENV is set to bsd. Note The C shell has a built-in version of the echo command. If you are using the C shell, and want to guarantee that you are using the command described here, you must specify the full path /usr/bin/echo. See the csh(1) reference page for a description of the built-in command. STANDARDS
Interfaces documented on this reference page conform to industry standards as follows: echo: XCU5.0 Refer to the standards(5) reference page for more information about industry standards and associated tags. OPTIONS
[Tru64 UNIX] No newline is added to the output. The -n option is valid only if the environment variable CMD_ENV is set to bsd. Otherwise any -n operand is treated as a string rather than as a option. See the printf(1) reference page for use in portable applications. OPERANDS
The string to be displayed on standard output. The echo command recognizes the following special characters in the string: Displays an alert character. Displays a backspace character. Suppresses the newline character. All characters following c in the arguments are ignored. Displays a formfeed character. Displays a newline character. Displays a carriage-return character. Displays a tab character. Displays a vertical tab character. Displays a backslash character. Displays an 8-bit character whose value is the 1-, 2- or 3-digit octal number, number. The first digit of number must be a 0 (zero). DESCRIPTION
The echo command writes the specified string to standard output, followed by a newline character. The arguments are separated by spaces. Use the echo command to produce diagnostic messages in command files and to send data into a pipe. If there are no arguments, the echo command outputs a newline character. [Tru64 UNIX] The echo command described here is the program /usr/bin/echo. Both csh and sh shells contain built-in echo subcommands, which do not necessarily work in the same way as the /usr/bin/echo command. EXIT STATUS
The following exit values are returned: Successful completion. An error occurred. EXAMPLES
To write a message to standard output, enter: echo Please insert diskette . . . To display a message containing special characters as listed in DESCRIPTION, enclose the message in quotes, as follows: echo " I'm at lunch. I'll be back at 1 p.m." This skips three lines and displays the message: I'm at lunch. I'll be back at 1 p.m. Note You must enclose the message in quotation marks if it contains escape sequences such as . Otherwise, the shell treats the back- slash () as an escape character. The previous command example, entered without the quotes, results in the following output: nnnI'm at lunch.nI'll be back at 1 p.m. To use echo with pattern-matching characters, enter: echo The back-up files are: *.bak This displays the message The back-up files are: and then displays the file names in the current directory ending with To add a sin- gle line of text to a file, enter: echo Remember to set the shell search path to $PATH. >>notes This adds the message to the end of the file notes after the shell substitutes the value of the PATH shell variable. To write a message to the standard error output (sh only), enter: echo Error: file already exists. >&2 Use this in shell procedures to write error messages. If the >&2 is omitted, then the message is written to the standard output. ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
The following environment variables affect the execution of echo: [Tru64 UNIX] This variable must set to bsd for the -n option to be valid. Otherwise any -n operand is treated as a string member. Provides a default value for the internationalization variables that are unset or null. If LANG is unset or null, the corresponding value from the default locale is used. If any of the internationalization vari- ables contain an invalid setting, the utility behaves as if none of the variables had been defined. If set to a non-empty string value, overrides the values of all the other internationalization variables. Determines the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data as characters (for example, single-byte as opposed to multibyte characters in arguments). Determines the locale for the for- mat and contents of diagnostic messages written to standard error. Determines the location of message catalogues for the processing of LC_MESSAGES. SEE ALSO
Commands: csh(1), ksh(1), printf(1), Bourne shell sh(1b), POSIX shell sh(1p) Environment: environ(5) Standards: standards(5) echo(1)