SNMPCMD(1) Net-SNMP SNMPCMD(1)
NAME
snmpcmd - commands to communicate with a network entity using SNMP Requests.
SYNOPSIS
snmpcmd [OPTIONS] AGENT [PARAMETERS]
DESCRIPTION
This manual page describes the common options for the SNMP commands: snmpbulkget, snmpbulkwalk, snmpdelta, snmpget, snmpgetnext, snmpnet-
stat, snmpset, snmpstatus, snmptable, snmptest, snmptrap, snmpusm, snmpwalk. The command line applications use the SNMP protocol to commu-
nicate with an SNMP capable network entity, an agent. Individual applications typically (but not necessarily) take additional parameters
that are given after the agent specification. These parameters are documented in the manual pages for each application.
OPTIONS
-a authProtocol
Set the authentication protocol (MD5|SHA) used for authenticated SNMPv3 messages.
-A authPassword
Set the authentication pass phrase used for authenticated SNMPv3 messages.
-c community
Set the community string for SNMPv1/v2c transactions.
-d Dump (in hexadecimal) the sent and received SNMP packets.
-D TOKEN[,...]
Turn on debugging output for the given TOKEN(s). Try ALL for extremely verbose output.
-e engineID
Set the authoritative (security) engineID used for SNMPv3 REQUEST messages. This is the engineID of the agent or proxy (e.g.,
800000020109840301). (will be discovered if not supplied)
-E engineID
Set the context engineID used for SNMPv3 REQUEST messages scopedPdu. This is the engineID of the agent (e.g., 800000020109840301).
(will be authoritative engineID if not specified)
-h Display a brief usage message and then exit.
-H Display a list of configuration file directives understood by the command and then exit.
-I brR Specifies input parsing options. See INPUT OPTIONS below.
-l secLevel
Set the securityLevel used for SNMPv3 messages (noAuthNoPriv|authNoPriv|authPriv). Appropriate pass phrase(s) must provided when
using any level higher than noAuthNoPriv.
-m MIBLIST
Specifies a colon separated list of MIB modules to load for this application. This overrides the environment variable MIBS.
The special keyword ALL is used to specify all modules in all directories when searching for MIB files. Every file whose name does
not begin with "." will be parsed as if it were a MIB file.
-M DIRLIST
Specifies a colon separated list of directories to search for MIBs. This overrides the environment variable MIBDIRS.
-n contextName
Set the destination contextName used for SNMPv3 messages. The default contextName is the empty string "".
-O nEebqQfsSvXT
Specifies output printing options. See OUTPUT OPTIONS below.
-P cdeRuwW
Specifies MIB parsing options. See MIB PARSING OPTIONS below.
-r retries
Specifies the number of retries to be used in the requests. The default is 5.
-t timeout
Specifies the timeout in seconds between retries. The default is 1.
-u secName
Set the securityName used for authenticated SNMPv3 messages.
-v 1 | 2c | 3
Specifies the protocol version to use: 1 (RFCs 1155-1157), 2c (RFCs 1901-1908), or 3 (RFCs 2571-2574). The default is version 1.
-V Display version information for the application and then exit.
-x privProtocol
Set the privacy protocol (DES) used for encrypted SNMPv3 messages.
-X privPassword
Set the privacy pass phrase used for encrypted SNMPv3 messages.
-Z boots,time
Set the engineBoots and engineTime used for authenticated SNMPv3 messages. This will initialize the local notion of the agents
boots/time with an authenticated value stored in the LCD. (will be discovered if not supplied)
The string AGENT specifies the remote SNMP entity with which to communicate. The format of this parameter is defined in the AGENT SPECIFI-
CATION section below.
AGENT SPECIFICATION
The AGENT specification takes the form:
[<transport-specifier>:]<transport-address>
At its simplest, the AGENT specification may consist of a hostname, or an IPv4 address in the standard "dotted quad" notation. In this
case, communication will be attempted using UDP/IPv4 to port 161 of the given host. Otherwise, the <transport-address> part of the speci-
fication is parsed according to the following table:
<transport-specifier> <transport-address> format
udp hostname[:port] or IPv4-address[:port]
tcp hostname[:port] or IPv4-address[:port]
unix pathname
ipx [network]:node[/port]
aal5pvc or pvc [interface.][VPI.]VCI
udp6 or udpv6 or udpipv6 hostname[:port] or IPv6-address[:port]
tcp6 or tcpv6 or tcpipv6 hostname[:port] or IPv6-address[:port]
Note that <transport-specifier> strings are case-insensitive so that, for example, "tcp" and "TCP" are equivalent. Here are some examples,
along with their interpretation:
hostname:161 perform query using UDP/IPv4 datagrams to hostname on port 161. The ":161" is redundant here since that is the
default SNMP port in any case.
udp:hostname identical to the previous specification. The "udp:" is redundant here since UDP/IPv4 is the default transport.
TCP:hostname:1161 connect to hostname on port 1161 using TCP/IPv4 and perform query over that connection.
ipx::00D0B7AAE308 perform query using IPX datagrams to node number 00D0B7AAE308 on the default network, and using the default IPX
port of 36879 (900F hexadecimal), as suggested in RFC 1906.
ipx:0AE43409:00D0B721C6C0/1161
perform query using IPX datagrams to port 1161 on node number 00D0B721C6C0 on network number 0AE43409.
unix:/tmp/local-agent connect to the Unix domain socket /tmp/local-agent, and perform the query over that connection.
/tmp/local-agent identical to the previous specification, since the Unix domain is the default transport iff the first character of
the <transport-address> is a '/'.
AAL5PVC:100 perform the query using AAL5 PDUs sent on the permanent virtual circuit with VPI=0 and VCI=100 (decimal) on the
first ATM adapter in the machine.
PVC:1.10.32 perform the query using AAL5 PDUs sent on the permanent virtual circuit with VPI=10 (decimal) and VCI=32 (decimal)
on the second ATM adapter in the machine. Note that "PVC" is a synonym for "AAL5PVC".
udp6:hostname:10161 perform the query using UDP/IPv6 datagrams to port 10161 on hostname (which will be looked up as an AAAA record).
UDP6:fe80::2d0:b7ff:fe21:c6c0
perform the query using UDP/IPv6 datagrams to port 161 at address fe80::2d0:b7ff:fe21:c6c0.
tcpipv6:::1 connect to port 161 on the local host (::1 in IPv6 parlance) using TCP/IPv6 and perform query over that connection.
Note that not all the transport domains listed above will always be available; for instance, hosts with no IPv6 support will not be able to
use udp6 transport addresses, and attempts to do so will result in the error "Unknown host". Likewise, since AAL5 PVC support is only cur-
rently available on Linux, it will fail with the same error on other platforms.
MIB PARSING OPTIONS
The Net-SNMP MIB parser mostly adheres to the Structure of Management Information (SMI). As that specification has changed through time,
and in recognition of the (ahem) diversity in compliance expressed in MIB files, additional options provide more flexibility in reading MIB
files.
-Pw Show some warning messages in resolving the MIB files. Can be also set with the configuration token "mibWarningLevel".
-PW Show additional warning messages. Can be also set with the configuration token "mibWarningLevel".
-Pe Do not show MIB errors. Can be also set with the configuration token "showMibErrors".
-Pc Allow ASN.1 comment to extend to the end of the MIB source line. This overcomes some problems with manually maintained MIB files.
Can be also set with the configuration token "strictCommentTerm".
-Pd Collect the DESCRIPTION information into the parsed hierarchy. This increases the memory used by the size of each DESCRIPTION
clause.
-Pu Allow underline characters in symbols. Can be also set with the configuration token "mibAllowUnderline".
-PR Replace MIB objects using the last read MIB file. WARNING: Setting this option may result in an incorrect hierarchy. Can be also
set with the configuration token "mibReplaceWithLatest".
OUTPUT OPTIONS
Output display can be controlled by passing various parameters to the -O flag. The following examples should demonstrate this.
The default output looks as follows:
snmpget -c public -v 1 localhost system.sysUpTime.0
system.sysUpTime.0 = Timeticks: (14096763) 1 day, 15:09:27.63
-Oq Removes the equal sign and type information:
system.sysUpTime.0 1:15:09:27.63
-OQ Removes the equal sign and type information:
system.sysUpTime.0 = 1:15:09:27.63
-Of Gives you the complete OID:
.iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.system.sysUpTime.0 = Timeticks: (14096763) 1 day, 15:09:27.63
-Os Deletes all but the last symbolic part of the OID:
sysUpTime.0 = Timeticks: (14096763) 1 day, 15:09:27.63
-OS A variation on -Os that adds the name of the MIB that defined the object:
SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0 = Timeticks: (14096763) 1 day, 15:09:27.63
(from release 5.0, this is now the default output format)
-Ou Prints the OID in the UCD-style (inherited from the original CMU code) removing a series of "standard" prefixes (if relevant).
system.sysUpTime.0 = Timeticks: (14096763) 1 day, 15:09:27.63
-On Prints the OID numerically:
.1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0 = Timeticks: (14096763) 1 day, 15:09:27.63
-Oe Removes the symbolic labels from enumerations:
snmpget -c public -v 1 localhost ip.ipForwarding.0
ip.ipForwarding.0 = INTEGER: forwarding(1)
snmpget -c public -v 1 -Oe localhost ip.ipForwarding.0
ip.ipForwarding.0 = INTEGER: 1
-Ob When OIDs contain a index to a table, they are broken into the displayable pieces and shown to you. For example the OID vacmSecuri-
tyModel.0.3.119.101.115 is nicely broken down by default and the string hidden in the OID is shown to you as vacmSecurity-
Model.0."wes". The -Ob option disables this feature and displays it as vacmSecurityModel.0.3.119.101.115 again.
-OE This modifies the index strings to include a to escape the quotes, to allow them to be reused in shell commands, such as vacmSecu-
rityModel.0."wes"
-OX This modifies the output of index OIDs, to look more "program like". If you take an entry from the IPV6-MIB::ipv6RouteTable, it is
indexed with an IPv6 address and two integers, and if you are used to IPv6 addresses you will know that decimal OIDs are not the
preferred notation. Compare:
snmpgetnext -OS host IPV6-MIB:ipv6RouteTable
IPV6-MIB::ipv6RouteIfIndex.63.254.1.0.255.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.64.1 = INTEGER: 2
snmpgetnext -OSX host IPV6-MIB:ipv6RouteTable
IPV6-MIB::ipv6RouteIfIndex[3ffe:100:ff00:0:0:0:0:0][64][1] = INTEGER: 2
-OT If hexadecimal code is printed, this will also print any printable characters after the hexadecimal codes.
-Ov Output only the variable value, not the OID:
snmpget -c public -v 1 -Ov localhost ip.ipForwarding.0
INTEGER: forwarding(1)
-Ot Output timeticks values as raw numbers:
system.sysUpTime.0 = 14096763
Note that most of these options can be turned on or off by default by tuning the snmp.conf file. See the snmp.conf(5) manual page for
details.
INPUT OPTIONS
The -I flag specifies various options that control how your input to the program is parsed. By default, all input parsing methods are
used: First the OID is parsed regularly, then -IR is used, then -Ib is used, unless one of the following flags is specified which will
force it to only use one method.
-IR The -IR flag specifies random access lookup, so that if the entire OID path is not specified, it will search for a node in the MIB
tree with the given name. Normally, you'd have to specify the vacmSecurityModel OID above as .iso.org.dod.internet.snmpV2.snmpMod-
ules.snmpVacmMIB.vacmMIBObjects.vacmSecurityToGroupTable.vacmSecurityToGroupEntry.vacmSecurityModel.0."wes", but the use of the -IR
flag allows you to shorten that to just vacmSecurityModel.0."wes". (Though this OID really needs to be quoted - 'vacmSecurity-
Model.0."wes"' - to prevent the shell from swallowing the double quotes).
Additionally, see the RANDOM ACCESS MIBS section below.
-Ib The -Ib flag indicates that the expression you gave it is actually a regular expression that should be used to search for the best
match possible in the MIB tree. This would allow you to specify the node vacmSecurityModel MIB node as something as generic as
vacmsecuritymodel (since case insensitive searches are done) or vacm.*model. Note that multiple matches are obviously possible (.*
matches everything), and the best result is currently calculated as the one that matches the closest to the beginning of the node
name and the highest in the tree. A current side effect of this option is that you can't specify indexes or multiple nodes, since
the '.' is treated as part of the regular expression.
-Iu Use the traditional UCD-style input approach of assuming that OIDs are rooted at the 'mib-2' point in the tree (unless they start
with an explicit '.') If random access lookup is in effect (which is the default for most commands), then this will only affect
OIDs specified with a leading numberic subidentifier (and no initial '.') Thus an input of "snmpcmd ... 1" would refer to 'iso'
(from v5.0 onwards) while "snmpcmd -Iu ... 1" would refer to 'system'.
-Ir By default, indices into tables and values to be assigned to objects are checked against range and type specified in the MIB. The
-Ir flag disables this check. This flag is mostly useful when you are testing an agent. For normal operation it is useful to get
your requests checked before they are sent to the remote agent (the diagnostic that the library can provide is also much more pre-
cise).
RANDOM ACCESS MIBS
In previous releases of the UCD-SNMP package (and if using the -Iu option), an object identifier such as system.sysDescr.0 will be lookup
in a single "well known" place, built into the SNMP library (or specified by the /usr environment variable). The standard place is:
.iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2. The identifier may alternatively be a complete object identifier, this is designated by a leading "dot"
if using UCD-input style, and is the first thing tried otherwise. To simplify the specification of object identifiers the library supports
random access to the identifiers in the MIBs. This is requested by the -IR option to the SNMP applications. Additionally, -Os prints OIDs
in this manner. Using this, system.sysDescr.0 may also be entered as sysDescr.0. To search only a single MIB for the identifier (if it
appears in more than one), specify it as SNMPv2-MIB::sysDescr.0. (use -OS to print output OIDs in this manner, though this is the default
as from v5.0). This notation will also ensure that the specified MIB is loaded, i.e. it need not be mentioned in the -m option (or MIBS
environment variable).
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
/usr The standard prefix for object identifiers (if using UCD-style output). Defaults to .iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2
MIBS The list of MIBs to load. Defaults to SNMPv2-TC:SNMPv2-MIB:IF-MIB:IP-MIB:TCP-MIB:UDP-MIB:SNMP-VACM-MIB. Overridden by the -m
option.
MIBDIRS
The list of directories to search for MIBs. Defaults to /usr/share/snmp/mibs. Overridden by the -M option.
FILES
/usr/share/snmp/snmpd.conf
Agent configuration file. See snmpd.conf(5).
/usr/share/snmp/snmp.conf
~/.snmp/snmp.conf
Application configuration files. See snmp.conf(5).
SEE ALSO
snmpget(1), snmpgetnext(1), snmpset(1), snmpbulkget(1), snmpbulkwalk(1), snmpwalk(1), snmptable(1), snmpnetstat(1), snmpdelta(1),
snmptrap(1), snmpinform(1), snmpusm(1), snmpstatus(1), snmptest(1), snmp.conf(5).
4th Berkeley Distribution 07 Feb 2002 SNMPCMD(1)