IP-LINK(8) Linux IP-LINK(8)
NAME
ip-link - network device configuration
SYNOPSIS
ip link { COMMAND | help }
ip link add [ link DEVICE ] [ name ] NAME
[ txqueuelen PACKETS ]
[ address LLADDR ] [ broadcast LLADDR ]
[ mtu MTU ] [ index IDX ]
[ numtxqueues QUEUE_COUNT ] [ numrxqueues QUEUE_COUNT ]
type TYPE [ ARGS ]
ip link delete { DEVICE | group GROUP } type TYPE [ ARGS ]
ip link set { DEVICE | group GROUP }
[ { up | down } ]
[ type ETYPE TYPE_ARGS ]
[ arp { on | off } ]
[ dynamic { on | off } ]
[ multicast { on | off } ]
[ allmulticast { on | off } ]
[ promisc { on | off } ]
[ protodown { on | off } ]
[ trailers { on | off } ]
[ txqueuelen PACKETS ]
[ name NEWNAME ]
[ address LLADDR ]
[ broadcast LLADDR ]
[ mtu MTU ]
[ netns { PID | NETNSNAME } ]
[ link-netnsid ID ]
[ alias NAME ]
[ vf NUM [ mac LLADDR ]
[ VFVLAN-LIST ]
[ rate TXRATE ]
[ max_tx_rate TXRATE ]
[ min_tx_rate TXRATE ]
[ spoofchk { on | off } ]
[ query_rss { on | off } ]
[ state { auto | enable | disable } ]
[ trust { on | off } ]
[ node_guid eui64 ]
[ port_guid eui64 ] ]
[ { xdp | xdpgeneric | xdpdrv | xdpoffload } { off |
object FILE [ section NAME ] [ verbose ] |
pinned FILE } ]
[ master DEVICE ]
[ nomaster ]
[ vrf NAME ]
[ addrgenmode { eui64 | none | stable_secret | random } ]
[ macaddr { flush | { add | del } MACADDR | set [ MACADDR [ MACADDR [ ... ] ] ] } ]
ip link show [ DEVICE | group GROUP ] [ up ] [ master DEVICE ] [ type ETYPE ] [ vrf NAME ]
ip link xstats type TYPE [ ARGS ]
ip link afstats [ dev DEVICE ]
ip link help [ TYPE ]
TYPE := [ bridge | bond | can | dummy | hsr | ifb | ipoib | macvlan | macvtap | vcan | vxcan | veth | vlan | vxlan | ip6tnl | ipip | sit |
gre | gretap | erspan | ip6gre | ip6gretap | ip6erspan | vti | nlmon | ipvlan | lowpan | geneve | vrf | macsec ]
ETYPE := [ TYPE | bridge_slave | bond_slave ]
VFVLAN-LIST := [ VFVLAN-LIST ] VFVLAN
VFVLAN := [ vlan VLANID [ qos VLAN-QOS ] [ proto VLAN-PROTO ] ]
DESCRIPTION
ip link add - add virtual link
link DEVICE
specifies the physical device to act operate on.
NAME specifies the name of the new virtual device.
TYPE specifies the type of the new device.
Link types:
bridge - Ethernet Bridge device
bond - Bonding device
dummy - Dummy network interface
hsr - High-availability Seamless Redundancy device
ifb - Intermediate Functional Block device
ipoib - IP over Infiniband device
macvlan - Virtual interface base on link layer address (MAC)
macvtap - Virtual interface based on link layer address (MAC) and TAP.
vcan - Virtual Controller Area Network interface
vxcan - Virtual Controller Area Network tunnel interface
veth - Virtual ethernet interface
vlan - 802.1q tagged virtual LAN interface
vxlan - Virtual eXtended LAN
ip6tnl - Virtual tunnel interface IPv4|IPv6 over IPv6
ipip - Virtual tunnel interface IPv4 over IPv4
sit - Virtual tunnel interface IPv6 over IPv4
gre - Virtual tunnel interface GRE over IPv4
gretap - Virtual L2 tunnel interface GRE over IPv4
erspan - Encapsulated Remote SPAN over GRE and IPv4
ip6gre - Virtual tunnel interface GRE over IPv6
ip6gretap - Virtual L2 tunnel interface GRE over IPv6
ip6erspan - Encapsulated Remote SPAN over GRE and IPv6
vti - Virtual tunnel interface
nlmon - Netlink monitoring device
ipvlan - Interface for L3 (IPv6/IPv4) based VLANs
lowpan - Interface for 6LoWPAN (IPv6) over IEEE 802.15.4 / Bluetooth
geneve - GEneric NEtwork Virtualization Encapsulation
macsec - Interface for IEEE 802.1AE MAC Security (MACsec)
vrf - Interface for L3 VRF domains
numtxqueues QUEUE_COUNT
specifies the number of transmit queues for new device.
numrxqueues QUEUE_COUNT
specifies the number of receive queues for new device.
index IDX
specifies the desired index of the new virtual device. The link creation fails, if the index is busy.
VLAN Type Support
For a link of type VLAN the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add link DEVICE name NAME type vlan [ protocol VLAN_PROTO ] id VLANID [ reorder_hdr { on | off } ] [ gvrp { on | off } ] [
mvrp { on | off } ] [ loose_binding { on | off } ] [ ingress-qos-map QOS-MAP ] [ egress-qos-map QOS-MAP ]
protocol VLAN_PROTO - either 802.1Q or 802.1ad.
id VLANID - specifies the VLAN Identifer to use. Note that numbers with a leading " 0 " or " 0x " are interpreted as octal
or hexadeimal, respectively.
reorder_hdr { on | off } - specifies whether ethernet headers are reordered or not (default is on).
If reorder_hdr is on then VLAN header will be not inserted immediately but only before passing to the physical device
(if this device does not support VLAN offloading), the similar on the RX direction - by default the packet will be
untagged before being received by VLAN device. Reordering allows to accelerate tagging on egress and to hide VLAN header
on ingress so the packet looks like regular Ethernet packet, at the same time it might be confusing for packet capture
as the VLAN header does not exist within the packet.
VLAN offloading can be checked by ethtool(8):
ethtool -k <phy_dev> | grep tx-vlan-offload
where <phy_dev> is the physical device to which VLAN device is bound.
gvrp { on | off } - specifies whether this VLAN should be registered using GARP VLAN Registration Protocol.
mvrp { on | off } - specifies whether this VLAN should be registered using Multiple VLAN Registration Protocol.
loose_binding { on | off } - specifies whether the VLAN device state is bound to the physical device state.
ingress-qos-map QOS-MAP - defines a mapping of VLAN header prio field to the Linux internal packet priority on incoming
frames. The format is FROM:TO with multiple mappings separated by spaces.
egress-qos-map QOS-MAP - defines a mapping of Linux internal packet priority to VLAN header prio field but for outgoing
frames. The format is the same as for ingress-qos-map.
Linux packet priority can be set by iptables(8):
iptables -t mangle -A POSTROUTING [...] -j CLASSIFY --set-class 0:4
and this "4" priority can be used in the egress qos mapping to set VLAN prio "5":
ip link set veth0.10 type vlan egress 4:5
VXLAN Type Support
For a link of type VXLAN the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type vxlan id VNI [ dev PHYS_DEV ] [ { group | remote } IPADDR ] [ local { IPADDR | any } ] [ ttl TTL ] [ tos
TOS ] [ flowlabel FLOWLABEL ] [ dstport PORT ] [ srcport MIN MAX ] [ [no]learning ] [ [no]proxy ] [ [no]rsc ] [ [no]l2miss ] [
[no]l3miss ] [ [no]udpcsum ] [ [no]udp6zerocsumtx ] [ [no]udp6zerocsumrx ] [ ageing SECONDS ] [ maxaddress NUMBER ] [ [no]external ]
[ gbp ] [ gpe ]
id VNI - specifies the VXLAN Network Identifer (or VXLAN Segment Identifier) to use.
dev PHYS_DEV - specifies the physical device to use for tunnel endpoint communication.
group IPADDR - specifies the multicast IP address to join. This parameter cannot be specified with the remote parameter.
remote IPADDR - specifies the unicast destination IP address to use in outgoing packets when the destination link layer
address is not known in the VXLAN device forwarding database. This parameter cannot be specified with the group parameter.
local IPADDR - specifies the source IP address to use in outgoing packets.
ttl TTL - specifies the TTL value to use in outgoing packets.
tos TOS - specifies the TOS value to use in outgoing packets.
flowlabel FLOWLABEL - specifies the flow label to use in outgoing packets.
dstport PORT - specifies the UDP destination port to communicate to the remote VXLAN tunnel endpoint.
srcport MIN MAX - specifies the range of port numbers to use as UDP source ports to communicate to the remote VXLAN tunnel
endpoint.
[no]learning - specifies if unknown source link layer addresses and IP addresses are entered into the VXLAN device forward-
ing database.
[no]rsc - specifies if route short circuit is turned on.
[no]proxy - specifies ARP proxy is turned on.
[no]l2miss - specifies if netlink LLADDR miss notifications are generated.
[no]l3miss - specifies if netlink IP ADDR miss notifications are generated.
[no]udpcsum - specifies if UDP checksum is calculated for transmitted packets over IPv4.
[no]udp6zerocsumtx - skip UDP checksum calculation for transmitted packets over IPv6.
[no]udp6zerocsumrx - allow incoming UDP packets over IPv6 with zero checksum field.
ageing SECONDS - specifies the lifetime in seconds of FDB entries learnt by the kernel.
maxaddress NUMBER - specifies the maximum number of FDB entries.
[no]external - specifies whether an external control plane (e.g. ip route encap) or the internal FDB should be used.
gbp - enables the Group Policy extension (VXLAN-GBP).
Allows to transport group policy context across VXLAN network peers. If enabled, includes the mark of a packet in the
VXLAN header for outgoing packets and fills the packet mark based on the information found in the VXLAN header for
incomming packets.
Format of upper 16 bits of packet mark (flags);
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|D|-|-|A|-|-|-|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
D := Don't Learn bit. When set, this bit indicates that the egress VTEP MUST NOT learn the source address of the
encapsulated frame.
A := Indicates that the group policy has already been applied to this packet. Policies MUST NOT be applied by devices
when the A bit is set.
Format of lower 16 bits of packet mark (policy ID):
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Group Policy ID |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Example:
iptables -A OUTPUT [...] -j MARK --set-mark 0x800FF
gpe - enables the Generic Protocol extension (VXLAN-GPE). Currently, this is only supported together with the external key-
word.
VETH, VXCAN Type Support
For a link of types VETH/VXCAN the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type { veth | vxcan } [ peer name NAME ]
peer name NAME - specifies the virtual pair device name of the VETH/VXCAN tunnel.
GRE, IPIP, SIT, ERSPAN Type Support
For a link of types GRE/IPIP/SIT/ERSPAN the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type { gre | ipip | sit | erspan } remote ADDR local ADDR [ encap { fou | gue | none } ] [ encap-sport { PORT |
auto } ] [ encap-dport PORT ] [ [no]encap-csum ] [ [no]encap-remcsum ] [ mode { ip6ip | ipip | mplsip | any } ] [ erspan IDX ] [
external ]
remote ADDR - specifies the remote address of the tunnel.
local ADDR - specifies the fixed local address for tunneled packets. It must be an address on another interface on this
host.
encap { fou | gue | none } - specifies type of secondary UDP encapsulation. "fou" indicates Foo-Over-UDP, "gue" indicates
Generic UDP Encapsulation.
encap-sport { PORT | auto } - specifies the source port in UDP encapsulation. PORT indicates the port by number, "auto"
indicates that the port number should be chosen automatically (the kernel picks a flow based on the flow hash of the encap-
sulated packet).
[no]encap-csum - specifies if UDP checksums are enabled in the secondary encapsulation.
[no]encap-remcsum - specifies if Remote Checksum Offload is enabled. This is only applicable for Generic UDP Encapsulation.
mode { ip6ip | ipip | mplsip | any } - specifies mode in which device should run. "ip6ip" indicates IPv6-Over-IPv4, "ipip"
indicates "IPv4-Over-IPv4", "mplsip" indicates MPLS-Over-IPv4, "any" indicates IPv6, IPv4 or MPLS Over IPv4. Supported for
SIT where the default is "ip6ip" and IPIP where the default is "ipip". IPv6-Over-IPv4 is not supported for IPIP.
erspan IDX - specifies the ERSPAN index field. IDX indicates a 20 bit index/port number associated with the ERSPAN traf-
fic's source port and direction.
external - make this tunnel externally controlled (e.g. ip route encap).
IP6GRE/IP6GRETAP Type Support
For a link of type IP6GRE/IP6GRETAP the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type { ip6gre | ip6gretap } remote ADDR local ADDR [ [i|o]seq ] [ [i|o]key KEY ] [ [i|o]csum ] [ hoplimit TTL ] [
encaplimit ELIM ] [ tclass TCLASS ] [ flowlabel FLOWLABEL ] [ dscp inherit ] [ dev PHYS_DEV ]
remote ADDR - specifies the remote IPv6 address of the tunnel.
local ADDR - specifies the fixed local IPv6 address for tunneled packets. It must be an address on another interface on
this host.
[i|o]seq - serialize packets. The oseq flag enables sequencing of outgoing packets. The iseq flag requires that all input
packets are serialized.
[i|o]key KEY - use keyed GRE with key KEY. KEY is either a number or an IPv4 address-like dotted quad. The key parameter
specifies the same key to use in both directions. The ikey and okey parameters specify different keys for input and output.
[i|o]csum - generate/require checksums for tunneled packets. The ocsum flag calculates checksums for outgoing packets. The
icsum flag requires that all input packets have the correct checksum. The csum flag is equivalent to the combination icsum
ocsum.
hoplimit TTL - specifies Hop Limit value to use in outgoing packets.
encaplimit ELIM - specifies a fixed encapsulation limit. Default is 4.
flowlabel FLOWLABEL - specifies a fixed flowlabel.
tclass TCLASS - specifies the traffic class field on tunneled packets, which can be specified as either a two-digit hex
value (e.g. c0) or a predefined string (e.g. internet). The value inherit causes the field to be copied from the original
IP header. The values inherit/STRING or inherit/00..ff will set the field to STRING or 00..ff when tunneling non-IP packets.
The default value is 00.
IPoIB Type Support
For a link of type IPoIB the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE name NAME type ipoib [ pkey PKEY ] [ mode MODE ]
pkey PKEY - specifies the IB P-Key to use.
mode MODE - specifies the mode (datagram or connected) to use.
GENEVE Type Support
For a link of type GENEVE the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type geneve id VNI remote IPADDR [ ttl TTL ] [ tos TOS ] [ flowlabel FLOWLABEL ] [ dstport PORT ] [ [no]external
] [ [no]udpcsum ] [ [no]udp6zerocsumtx ] [ [no]udp6zerocsumrx ]
id VNI - specifies the Virtual Network Identifer to use.
remote IPADDR - specifies the unicast destination IP address to use in outgoing packets.
ttl TTL - specifies the TTL value to use in outgoing packets.
tos TOS - specifies the TOS value to use in outgoing packets.
flowlabel FLOWLABEL - specifies the flow label to use in outgoing packets.
dstport PORT - select a destination port other than the default of 6081.
[no]external - make this tunnel externally controlled (or not, which is the default). This flag is mutually exclusive with
the id, remote, ttl, tos and flowlabel options.
[no]udpcsum - specifies if UDP checksum is calculated for transmitted packets over IPv4.
[no]udp6zerocsumtx - skip UDP checksum calculation for transmitted packets over IPv6.
[no]udp6zerocsumrx - allow incoming UDP packets over IPv6 with zero checksum field.
MACVLAN and MACVTAP Type Support
For a link of type MACVLAN or MACVTAP the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add link DEVICE name NAME type { macvlan | macvtap } mode { private | vepa | bridge | passthru [ nopromisc ] | source }
type { macvlan | macvtap } - specifies the link type to use. macvlan creates just a virtual interface, while macvtap in
addition creates a character device /dev/tapX to be used just like a tuntap device.
mode private - Do not allow communication between macvlan instances on the same physical interface, even if the external
switch supports hairpin mode.
mode vepa - Virtual Ethernet Port Aggregator mode. Data from one macvlan instance to the other on the same physical inter-
face is transmitted over the physical interface. Either the attached switch needs to support hairpin mode, or there must be
a TCP/IP router forwarding the packets in order to allow communication. This is the default mode.
mode bridge - In bridge mode, all endpoints are directly connected to each other, communication is not redirected through
the physical interface's peer.
mode passthru [ nopromisc ] - This mode gives more power to a single endpoint, usually in macvtap mode. It is not allowed
for more than one endpoint on the same physical interface. All traffic will be forwarded to this endpoint, allowing virtio
guests to change MAC address or set promiscuous mode in order to bridge the interface or create vlan interfaces on top of
it. By default, this mode forces the underlying interface into promiscuous mode. Passing the nopromisc flag prevents this,
so the promisc flag may be controlled using standard tools.
mode source - allows one to set a list of allowed mac address, which is used to match against source mac address from
received frames on underlying interface. This allows creating mac based VLAN associations, instead of standard port or tag
based. The feature is useful to deploy 802.1x mac based behavior, where drivers of underlying interfaces doesn't allows
that.
High-availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR) Support
For a link of type HSR the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add link DEVICE name NAME type hsr slave1 SLAVE1-IF slave2 SLAVE2-IF [ supervision ADDR-BYTE ] [ version { 0 | 1 } ]
type hsr - specifies the link type to use, here HSR.
slave1 SLAVE1-IF - Specifies the physical device used for the first of the two ring ports.
slave2 SLAVE2-IF - Specifies the physical device used for the second of the two ring ports.
supervision ADDR-BYTE - The last byte of the multicast address used for HSR supervision frames. Default option is "0", pos-
sible values 0-255.
version { 0 | 1 } - Selects the protocol version of the interface. Default option is "0", which corresponds to the 2010 ver-
sion of the HSR standard. Option "1" activates the 2012 version.
BRIDGE Type Support
For a link of type BRIDGE the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type bridge [ ageing_time AGEING_TIME ] [ group_fwd_mask MASK ] [ group_address ADDRESS ] [ forward_delay FOR-
WARD_DELAY ] [ hello_time HELLO_TIME ] [ max_age MAX_AGE ] [ stp_state STP_STATE ] [ priority PRIORITY ] [ vlan_filtering VLAN_FIL-
TERING ] [ vlan_protocol VLAN_PROTOCOL ] [ vlan_default_pvid VLAN_DEFAULT_PVID ] [ vlan_stats_enabled VLAN_STATS_ENABLED ] [
mcast_snooping MULTICAST_SNOOPING ] [ mcast_router MULTICAST_ROUTER ] [ mcast_query_use_ifaddr MCAST_QUERY_USE_IFADDR ] [
mcast_querier MULTICAST_QUERIER ] [ mcast_hash_elasticity HASH_ELASTICITY ] [ mcast_hash_max HASH_MAX ] [ mcast_last_member_count
LAST_MEMBER_COUNT ] [ mcast_startup_query_count STARTUP_QUERY_COUNT ] [ mcast_last_member_interval LAST_MEMBER_INTERVAL ] [
mcast_membership_interval MEMBERSHIP_INTERVAL ] [ mcast_querier_interval QUERIER_INTERVAL ] [ mcast_query_interval QUERY_INTERVAL ]
[ mcast_query_response_interval QUERY_RESPONSE_INTERVAL ] [ mcast_startup_query_interval STARTUP_QUERY_INTERVAL ] [
mcast_stats_enabled MCAST_STATS_ENABLED ] [ mcast_igmp_version IGMP_VERSION ] [ mcast_mld_version MLD_VERSION ] [ nf_call_iptables
NF_CALL_IPTABLES ] [ nf_call_ip6tables NF_CALL_IP6TABLES ] [ nf_call_arptables NF_CALL_ARPTABLES ]
ageing_time AGEING_TIME - configure the bridge's FDB entries ageing time, ie the number of seconds a MAC address will be
kept in the FDB after a packet has been received from that address. after this time has passed, entries are cleaned up.
group_fwd_mask MASK - set the group forward mask. This is the bitmask that is applied to decide whether to forward incoming
frames destined to link-local addresses, ie addresses of the form 01:80:C2:00:00:0X (defaults to 0, ie the bridge does not
forward any link-local frames).
group_address ADDRESS - set the MAC address of the multicast group this bridge uses for STP. The address must be a link-
local address in standard Ethernet MAC address format, ie an address of the form 01:80:C2:00:00:0X, with X in [0, 4..f].
forward_delay FORWARD_DELAY - set the forwarding delay in seconds, ie the time spent in LISTENING state (before moving to
LEARNING) and in LEARNING state (before moving to FORWARDING). Only relevant if STP is enabled. Valid values are between 2
and 30.
hello_time HELLO_TIME - set the time in seconds between hello packets sent by the bridge, when it is a root bridge or a des-
ignated bridges. Only relevant if STP is enabled. Valid values are between 1 and 10.
max_age MAX_AGE - set the hello packet timeout, ie the time in seconds until another bridge in the spanning tree is assumed
to be dead, after reception of its last hello message. Only relevant if STP is enabled. Valid values are between 6 and 40.
stp_state STP_STATE - turn spanning tree protocol on (STP_STATE > 0) or off (STP_STATE == 0). for this bridge.
priority PRIORITY - set this bridge's spanning tree priority, used during STP root bridge election. PRIORITY is a 16bit
unsigned integer.
vlan_filtering VLAN_FILTERING - turn VLAN filtering on (VLAN_FILTERING > 0) or off (VLAN_FILTERING == 0). When disabled,
the bridge will not consider the VLAN tag when handling packets.
vlan_protocol { 802.1Q | 802.1ad } - set the protocol used for VLAN filtering.
vlan_default_pvid VLAN_DEFAULT_PVID - set the default PVID (native/untagged VLAN ID) for this bridge.
vlan_stats_enabled VLAN_STATS_ENABLED - enable (VLAN_STATS_ENABLED == 1) or disable (VLAN_STATS_ENABLED == 0) per-VLAN stats
accounting.
mcast_snooping MULTICAST_SNOOPING - turn multicast snooping on (MULTICAST_SNOOPING > 0) or off (MULTICAST_SNOOPING == 0).
mcast_router MULTICAST_ROUTER - set bridge's multicast router if IGMP snooping is enabled. MULTICAST_ROUTER is an integer
value having the following meaning:
0 - disabled.
1 - automatic (queried).
2 - permanently enabled.
mcast_query_use_ifaddr MCAST_QUERY_USE_IFADDR - whether to use the bridge's own IP address as source address for IGMP
queries (MCAST_QUERY_USE_IFADDR > 0) or the default of 0.0.0.0 (MCAST_QUERY_USE_IFADDR == 0).
mcast_querier MULTICAST_QUERIER - enable (MULTICAST_QUERIER > 0) or disable (MULTICAST_QUERIER == 0) IGMP querier, ie send-
ing of multicast queries by the bridge (default: disabled).
mcast_querier_interval QUERIER_INTERVAL - interval between queries sent by other routers. if no queries are seen after this
delay has passed, the bridge will start to send its own queries (as if mcast_querier was enabled).
mcast_hash_elasticity HASH_ELASTICITY - set multicast database hash elasticity, ie the maximum chain length in the multicast
hash table (defaults to 4).
mcast_hash_max HASH_MAX - set maximum size of multicast hash table (defaults to 512, value must be a power of 2).
mcast_last_member_count LAST_MEMBER_COUNT - set multicast last member count, ie the number of queries the bridge will send
before stopping forwarding a multicast group after a "leave" message has been received (defaults to 2).
mcast_last_member_interval LAST_MEMBER_INTERVAL - interval between queries to find remaining members of a group, after a
"leave" message is received.
mcast_startup_query_count STARTUP_QUERY_COUNT - set the number of IGMP queries to send during startup phase (defaults to 2).
mcast_startup_query_interval STARTUP_QUERY_INTERVAL - interval between queries in the startup phase.
mcast_query_interval QUERY_INTERVAL - interval between queries sent by the bridge after the end of the startup phase.
mcast_query_response_interval QUERY_RESPONSE_INTERVAL - set the Max Response Time/Maximum Response Delay for IGMP/MLD
queries sent by the bridge.
mcast_membership_interval MEMBERSHIP_INTERVAL - delay after which the bridge will leave a group, if no membership reports
for this group are received.
mcast_stats_enabled MCAST_STATS_ENABLED - enable (MCAST_STATS_ENABLED > 0) or disable (MCAST_STATS_ENABLED == 0) multicast
(IGMP/MLD) stats accounting.
mcast_igmp_version IGMP_VERSION - set the IGMP version.
mcast_mld_version MLD_VERSION - set the MLD version.
nf_call_iptables NF_CALL_IPTABLES - enable (NF_CALL_IPTABLES > 0) or disable (NF_CALL_IPTABLES == 0) iptables hooks on the
bridge.
nf_call_ip6tables NF_CALL_IP6TABLES - enable (NF_CALL_IP6TABLES > 0) or disable (NF_CALL_IP6TABLES == 0) ip6tables hooks on
the bridge.
nf_call_arptables NF_CALL_ARPTABLES - enable (NF_CALL_ARPTABLES > 0) or disable (NF_CALL_ARPTABLES == 0) arptables hooks on
the bridge.
MACsec Type Support
For a link of type MACsec the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add link DEVICE name NAME type macsec [ [ address <lladdr> ] port PORT | sci SCI ] [ cipher CIPHER_SUITE ] [ icvlen { 8..16
} ] [ encrypt { on | off } ] [ send_sci { on | off } ] [ end_station { on | off } ] [ scb { on | off } ] [ protect { on | off } ] [
replay { on | off } window { 0..2^32-1 } ] [ validate { strict | check | disabled } ] [ encodingsa { 0..3 } ]
address <lladdr> - sets the system identifier component of secure channel for this MACsec device.
port PORT - sets the port number component of secure channel for this MACsec device, in a range from 1 to 65535 inclusive.
Numbers with a leading " 0 " or " 0x " are interpreted as octal and hexadecimal, respectively.
sci SCI - sets the secure channel identifier for this MACsec device. SCI is a 64bit wide number in hexadecimal format.
cipher CIPHER_SUITE - defines the cipher suite to use.
icvlen LENGTH - sets the length of the Integrity Check Value (ICV).
encrypt on or encrypt off - switches between authenticated encryption, or authenticity mode only.
send_sci on or send_sci off - specifies whether the SCI is included in every packet, or only when it is necessary.
end_station on or end_station off - sets the End Station bit.
scb on or scb off - sets the Single Copy Broadcast bit.
protect on or protect off - enables MACsec protection on the device.
replay on or replay off - enables replay protection on the device.
window SIZE - sets the size of the replay window.
validate strict or validate check or validate disabled - sets the validation mode on the device.
encodingsa AN - sets the active secure association for transmission.
VRF Type Support
For a link of type VRF the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type vrf table TABLE
table table id associated with VRF device
ip link delete - delete virtual link
dev DEVICE
specifies the virtual device to act operate on.
group GROUP
specifies the group of virtual links to delete. Group 0 is not allowed to be deleted since it is the default group.
type TYPE
specifies the type of the device.
ip link set - change device attributes
Warning: If multiple parameter changes are requested, ip aborts immediately after any of the changes have failed. This is the only case
when ip can move the system to an unpredictable state. The solution is to avoid changing several parameters with one ip link set call.
dev DEVICE
DEVICE specifies network device to operate on. When configuring SR-IOV Virtual Function (VF) devices, this keyword should specify
the associated Physical Function (PF) device.
group GROUP
GROUP has a dual role: If both group and dev are present, then move the device to the specified group. If only a group is specified,
then the command operates on all devices in that group.
up and down
change the state of the device to UP or DOWN.
arp on or arp off
change the NOARP flag on the device.
multicast on or multicast off
change the MULTICAST flag on the device.
protodown on or protodown off
change the PROTODOWN state on the device. Indicates that a protocol error has been detected on the port. Switch drivers can react to
this error by doing a phys down on the switch port.
dynamic on or dynamic off
change the DYNAMIC flag on the device. Indicates that address can change when interface goes down (currently NOT used by the Linux).
name NAME
change the name of the device. This operation is not recommended if the device is running or has some addresses already configured.
txqueuelen NUMBER
txqlen NUMBER
change the transmit queue length of the device.
mtu NUMBER
change the MTU of the device.
address LLADDRESS
change the station address of the interface.
broadcast LLADDRESS
brd LLADDRESS
peer LLADDRESS
change the link layer broadcast address or the peer address when the interface is POINTOPOINT.
netns NETNSNAME | PID
move the device to the network namespace associated with name NETNSNAME or process PID.
Some devices are not allowed to change network namespace: loopback, bridge, ppp, wireless. These are network namespace local
devices. In such case ip tool will return "Invalid argument" error. It is possible to find out if device is local to a single net-
work namespace by checking netns-local flag in the output of the ethtool:
ethtool -k DEVICE
To change network namespace for wireless devices the iw tool can be used. But it allows to change network namespace only for physi-
cal devices and by process PID.
alias NAME
give the device a symbolic name for easy reference.
group GROUP
specify the group the device belongs to. The available groups are listed in file /etc/iproute2/group.
vf NUM specify a Virtual Function device to be configured. The associated PF device must be specified using the dev parameter.
mac LLADDRESS - change the station address for the specified VF. The vf parameter must be specified.
vlan VLANID - change the assigned VLAN for the specified VF. When specified, all traffic sent from the VF will be tagged
with the specified VLAN ID. Incoming traffic will be filtered for the specified VLAN ID, and will have all VLAN tags
stripped before being passed to the VF. Setting this parameter to 0 disables VLAN tagging and filtering. The vf parameter
must be specified.
qos VLAN-QOS - assign VLAN QOS (priority) bits for the VLAN tag. When specified, all VLAN tags transmitted by the VF will
include the specified priority bits in the VLAN tag. If not specified, the value is assumed to be 0. Both the vf and vlan
parameters must be specified. Setting both vlan and qos as 0 disables VLAN tagging and filtering for the VF.
proto VLAN-PROTO - assign VLAN PROTOCOL for the VLAN tag, either 802.1Q or 802.1ad. Setting to 802.1ad, all traffic sent
from the VF will be tagged with VLAN S-Tag. Incoming traffic will have VLAN S-Tags stripped before being passed to the VF.
Setting to 802.1ad also enables an option to concatenate another VLAN tag, so both S-TAG and C-TAG will be inserted/stripped
for outgoing/incoming traffic, respectively. If not specified, the value is assumed to be 802.1Q. Both the vf and vlan
parameters must be specified.
rate TXRATE -- change the allowed transmit bandwidth, in Mbps, for the specified VF. Setting this parameter to 0 disables
rate limiting. vf parameter must be specified. Please use new API max_tx_rate option instead.
max_tx_rate TXRATE - change the allowed maximum transmit bandwidth, in Mbps, for the specified VF. Setting this parameter
to 0 disables rate limiting. vf parameter must be specified.
min_tx_rate TXRATE - change the allowed minimum transmit bandwidth, in Mbps, for the specified VF. Minimum TXRATE should be
always <= Maximum TXRATE. Setting this parameter to 0 disables rate limiting. vf parameter must be specified.
spoofchk on|off - turn packet spoof checking on or off for the specified VF.
query_rss on|off - toggle the ability of querying the RSS configuration of a specific VF. VF RSS information like RSS hash
key may be considered sensitive on some devices where this information is shared between VF and PF and thus its querying may
be prohibited by default.
state auto|enable|disable - set the virtual link state as seen by the specified VF. Setting to auto means a reflection of
the PF link state, enable lets the VF to communicate with other VFs on this host even if the PF link state is down, disable
causes the HW to drop any packets sent by the VF.
trust on|off - trust the specified VF user. This enables that VF user can set a specific feature which may impact security
and/or performance. (e.g. VF multicast promiscuous mode)
node_guid eui64 - configure node GUID for Infiniband VFs.
port_guid eui64 - configure port GUID for Infiniband VFs.
xdp object | pinned | off
set (or unset) a XDP ("eXpress Data Path") BPF program to run on every packet at driver level. ip link output will indicate a xdp
flag for the networking device. If the driver does not have native XDP support, the kernel will fall back to a slower, driver-inde-
pendent "generic" XDP variant. The ip link output will in that case indicate xdpgeneric instead of xdp only. If the driver does have
native XDP support, but the program is loaded under xdpgeneric object | pinned then the kernel will use the generic XDP variant
instead of the native one. xdpdrv has the opposite effect of requestsing that the automatic fallback to the generic XDP variant be
disabled and in case driver is not XDP-capable error should be returned. xdpdrv also disables hardware offloads. xdpoffload in ip
link output indicates that the program has been offloaded to hardware and can also be used to request the "offload" mode, much like
xdpgeneric it forces program to be installed specifically in HW/FW of the apater.
off (or none ) - Detaches any currently attached XDP/BPF program from the given device.
object FILE - Attaches a XDP/BPF program to the given device. The FILE points to a BPF ELF file (f.e. generated by LLVM) that con-
tains the BPF program code, map specifications, etc. If a XDP/BPF program is already attached to the given device, an error will be
thrown. If no XDP/BPF program is currently attached, the device supports XDP and the program from the BPF ELF file passes the kernel
verifier, then it will be attached to the device. If the option -force is passed to ip then any prior attached XDP/BPF program will
be atomically overridden and no error will be thrown in this case. If no section option is passed, then the default section name
("prog") will be assumed, otherwise the provided section name will be used. If no verbose option is passed, then a verifier log will
only be dumped on load error. See also EXAMPLES section for usage examples.
section NAME - Specifies a section name that contains the BPF program code. If no section name is specified, the default one
("prog") will be used. This option is to be passed with the object option.
verbose - Act in verbose mode. For example, even in case of success, this will print the verifier log in case a program was loaded
from a BPF ELF file.
pinned FILE - Attaches a XDP/BPF program to the given device. The FILE points to an already pinned BPF program in the BPF file sys-
tem. The option section doesn't apply here, but otherwise semantics are the same as with the option object described already.
master DEVICE
set master device of the device (enslave device).
nomaster
unset master device of the device (release device).
addrgenmode eui64|none|stable_secret|random
set the IPv6 address generation mode
eui64 - use a Modified EUI-64 format interface identifier
none - disable automatic address generation
stable_secret - generate the interface identifier based on a preset /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/{default,DEVICE}/stable_secret
random - like stable_secret, but auto-generate a new random secret if none is set
link-netnsid
set peer netnsid for a cross-netns interface
type ETYPE TYPE_ARGS
Change type-specific settings. For a list of supported types and arguments refer to the description of ip link add above. In addi-
tion to that, it is possible to manipulate settings to slave devices:
Bridge Slave Support
For a link with master bridge the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link set type bridge_slave [ fdb_flush ] [ state STATE ] [ priority PRIO ] [ cost COST ] [ guard { on | off } ] [ hairpin { on |
off } ] [ fastleave { on | off } ] [ root_block { on | off } ] [ learning { on | off } ] [ flood { on | off } ] [ proxy_arp { on |
off } ] [ proxy_arp_wifi { on | off } ] [ mcast_router MULTICAST_ROUTER ] [ mcast_fast_leave { on | off} ] [ mcast_flood { on | off
} ] [ group_fwd_mask MASK ] [ neigh_suppress { on | off } ] ] [ vlan_tunnel { on | off } ]
fdb_flush - flush bridge slave's fdb dynamic entries.
state STATE - Set port state. STATE is a number representing the following states: 0 (disabled), 1 (listening), 2 (learn-
ing), 3 (forwarding), 4 (blocking).
priority PRIO - set port priority (allowed values are between 0 and 63, inclusively).
cost COST - set port cost (allowed values are between 1 and 65535, inclusively).
guard { on | off } - block incoming BPDU packets on this port.
hairpin { on | off } - enable hairpin mode on this port. This will allow incoming packets on this port to be reflected back.
fastleave { on | off } - enable multicast fast leave on this port.
root_block { on | off } - block this port from becoming the bridge's root port.
learning { on | off } - allow MAC address learning on this port.
flood { on | off } - open the flood gates on this port, i.e. forward all unicast frames to this port also. Requires
proxy_arp and proxy_arp_wifi to be turned off.
proxy_arp { on | off } - enable proxy ARP on this port.
proxy_arp_wifi { on | off } - enable proxy ARP on this port which meets extended requirements by IEEE 802.11 and Hotspot 2.0
specifications.
mcast_router MULTICAST_ROUTER - configure this port for having multicast routers attached. A port with a multicast router
will receive all multicast traffic. MULTICAST_ROUTER may be either 0 to disable multicast routers on this port, 1 to let
the system detect the presence of of routers (this is the default), 2 to permanently enable multicast traffic forwarding on
this port or 3 to enable multicast routers temporarily on this port, not depending on incoming queries.
mcast_fast_leave { on | off } - this is a synonym to the fastleave option above.
mcast_flood { on | off } - controls whether a given port will be flooded with multicast traffic for which there is no MDB
entry.
group_fwd_mask MASK - set the group forward mask. This is the bitmask that is applied to decide whether to forward incoming
frames destined to link-local addresses, ie addresses of the form 01:80:C2:00:00:0X (defaults to 0, ie the bridge does not
forward any link-local frames coming on this port).
neigh_suppress { on | off } - controls whether neigh discovery (arp and nd) proxy and suppression is enabled on the port. By
default this flag is off.
vlan_tunnel { on | off } - Controls whether vlan to tunnel mapping is enabled on the port. By default this flag is off.
Bonding Slave Support
For a link with master bond the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link set type bond_slave [ queue_id ID ]
queue_id ID - set the slave's queue ID (a 16bit unsigned value).
MACVLAN and MACVTAP Support
Modify list of allowed macaddr for link in source mode.
ip link set type { macvlan | macvap } [ macaddr COMMAND MACADDR ... ]
Commands:
add - add MACADDR to allowed list
set - replace allowed list
del - remove MACADDR from allowed list
flush - flush whole allowed list
ip link show - display device attributes
dev NAME (default)
NAME specifies the network device to show. If this argument is omitted all devices in the default group are listed.
group GROUP
GROUP specifies what group of devices to show.
up only display running interfaces.
master DEVICE
DEVICE specifies the master device which enslaves devices to show.
vrf NAME
NAME speficies the VRF which enslaves devices to show.
type TYPE
TYPE specifies the type of devices to show.
Note that the type name is not checked against the list of supported types - instead it is sent as-is to the kernel. Later it is
used to filter the returned interface list by comparing it with the relevant attribute in case the kernel didn't filter already.
Therefore any string is accepted, but may lead to empty output.
ip link xstats - display extended statistics
type TYPE
TYPE specifies the type of devices to display extended statistics for.
ip link afstats - display address-family specific statistics
dev DEVICE
DEVICE specifies the device to display address-family statistics for.
ip link help - display help
TYPE specifies which help of link type to dislpay.
GROUP
may be a number or a string from the file /etc/iproute2/group which can be manually filled.
EXAMPLES
ip link show
Shows the state of all network interfaces on the system.
ip link show type bridge
Shows the bridge devices.
ip link show type vlan
Shows the vlan devices.
ip link show master br0
Shows devices enslaved by br0
ip link set dev ppp0 mtu 1400
Change the MTU the ppp0 device.
ip link add link eth0 name eth0.10 type vlan id 10
Creates a new vlan device eth0.10 on device eth0.
ip link delete dev eth0.10
Removes vlan device.
ip link help gre
Display help for the gre link type.
ip link add name tun1 type ipip remote 192.168.1.1 local 192.168.1.2 ttl 225 encap gue encap-sport auto encap-dport 5555 encap-csum encap-
remcsum
Creates an IPIP that is encapsulated with Generic UDP Encapsulation, and the outer UDP checksum and remote checksum offload are
enabled.
ip link set dev eth0 xdp obj prog.o
Attaches a XDP/BPF program to device eth0, where the program is located in prog.o, section "prog" (default section). In case a XDP/BPF
program is already attached, throw an error.
ip -force link set dev eth0 xdp obj prog.o sec foo
Attaches a XDP/BPF program to device eth0, where the program is located in prog.o, section "foo". In case a XDP/BPF program is already
attached, it will be overridden by the new one.
ip -force link set dev eth0 xdp pinned /sys/fs/bpf/foo
Attaches a XDP/BPF program to device eth0, where the program was previously pinned as an object node into BPF file system under name
foo.
ip link set dev eth0 xdp off
If a XDP/BPF program is attached on device eth0, detach it and effectively turn off XDP for device eth0.
ip link add link wpan0 lowpan0 type lowpan
Creates a 6LoWPAN interface named lowpan0 on the underlying IEEE 802.15.4 device wpan0.
SEE ALSO
ip(8), ip-netns(8), ethtool(8), iptables(8)
AUTHOR
Original Manpage by Michail Litvak <mci@owl.openwall.com>
iproute2 13 Dec 2012 IP-LINK(8)