ogated(8) System Manager's Manual ogated(8)
NAME
ogated - The gateway routing daemon
SYNOPSIS
/usr/sbin/ogated [-t [i] [e] [r] [p] [u] [R] [H]] [logfile]
The ogated daemon processes multiple routing protocols according to the configuration set in ogated.conf file.
FLAGS
Logs all external errors due to EGP, exterior routing errors, and EGP state changes. Traces all HELLO packets received. Logs all internal
errors and interior routing errors. Traces all EGP packets sent and received. Traces all RIP packets received. Logs all routing changes.
If used alone, the -t flag starts the -i, -e, -r, and -p trace flags. When used with another flag, the -t flag has no effect and only the
accompanying flags are recognized. Note that when other flags are used, the -t flag must be used with them and must be the first flag given
in the command line. Logs all routing updates sent. The ogated daemon always logs fatal errors. If no log file is specified and none of
the preceding trace flags are set, all messages are sent to the /dev/null file.
DESCRIPTION
The ogated daemon manages multiple routing protocols, including the Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP),
and Local Network Protocol (HELLO). The ogated process can be configured to perform all or any combination of these routing protocols. It
replaces daemons that use the HELLO routing protocol; for example, routed (8) and egpup (8). The configuration for the ogated daemon is by
default stored in the /etc/ogated.conf file, and can be changed at compile time in the file defs.h. The ogated daemon stores its process
ID in the /var/run/ogated.pid file.
When a routing update indicates that the route in use is being deleted, the ogated daemon waits for 2 minutes before deleting the route.
Be aware that unpredictable results may occur when the ogated and routed daemons are run together on the same host.
Start the ogated daemon with a log file that you specify on the command line. You can also enter one or more trace flags on the command
line or specify the flags in the traceflags stanza of the ogated.conf configuration file. When trace flags are specified without a log
file, all trace output is sent to the controlling terminal.
By default, the ogated daemon forks and detaches itself from the controlling terminal.
When certain networks are restricted from using the Internet network, the ogated daemon uses both the syslogd daemon at the LOG_WARNING log
level and the LOG_DAEMON facility to record all invalid networks.
If you use the EGP when you supply the default route (by the RIP or HELLO gateway) and all EGP neighbors are lost, the default route is not
advertised until at least one EGP neighbor is regained.
The RIP both propagates and listens to host routes. This allows the ogated daemon to handle point-to-point links with consistency. The
ogated daemon also supports the RIP_TRACE commands.
The ogated daemon detects changes made to the network interfaces and its own start-up flags while it is running. Thus, you need not
restart the ogated daemon if you change the configuration. However, if the net mask, subnet mask, broadcast address, or interface metric
is changed, use the ifconfig(8) command to mark the interface down and then up 30 seconds later.
Subnet interfaces are supported. Subnet information is passed through interfaces to other subnets of the same network.
The ogated daemon listens to host and network REDIRECT signals. The daemon tries to take an action for its own internal tables. This
action is parallel to the action the kernel takes on the REDIRECT signal.
In addition, the ogated daemon cancels (times out) all routes learned from REDIRECT signals in 6 minutes. The daemon then deletes the
route from the kernel routing tables, which keeps the routing tables consistent.
No routing protocol announces routes learned from REDIRECT signals.
The ogated EGP code verifies that all networks sent and received are valid class A, B, or C networks as specified by the EGP. The ogated
daemon does not contribute information about networks that do not meet EGP specifications. If an EGP update packet contains information
about a network that is not class A, B, or C, the ogated daemon considers the update to be in error and ignores it.
Signals
The ogated server performs the following actions when you use the kill(1) command to send it the SIGHUP and SIGINT signals. When a SIGHUP
signal is sent to a ogated daemon that was invoked with trace flags and a log file, tracing is toggled off and the log file is closed. At
this point the log file can be moved or deleted. When the next SIGHUP signal is sent to the ogated daemon, tracing is toggled on. The
ogated daemon reads the /etc/ogated.conf configuration file and sets the trace flags to those specified by the traceflags stanza.
If no traceflags stanza exists, tracing resumes and uses any trace flags specified on the command line. Trace output is sent to the
log file specified on the command line. The output is appended if the log file already exists, and the file is created if it does
not exist. Sending the ogated daemon a SIGINT signal causes a memory dump to be scheduled within the next 60 seconds. The memory
dump is written to a file named /usr/tmp/ogated_dump. The ogated daemon processes all pending routing updates before performing the
memory dump.
The memory dump contains a snapshot of the current ogated daemon status, including the interface configurations, EGP neighbor sta-
tus, and the routing tables. If the /usr/tmp/ogated_dump file already exists, the memory dump is appended to the existing file.
Internal Metrics for the ogated Daemon
The ogated daemon stores all metrics internally as a time delay in milliseconds to preserve the granularity of HELLO time delays. The
internal delay ranges from 0 to 30,000 milliseconds, with 30,000 representing infinity. Metrics from other protocols are translated to and
from a time delay as they are received and transmitted. EGP distances are not comparable to HELLO and RIP metrics but are stored as time
delays internally for comparison with other EGP metrics. The conversion factor between EGP distances and time delays is 100.
RIP and interface metrics are translated to and from the internal time delays with the use of the following translation tables. The first
two columns represent the time delay to RIP metric translation, while the second two columns represent the RIP metric to time delay trans-
lation.
Time Delay
Minimum Maximum RIP Metric RIP Metric Time Delay
0 0 0 0 0
1 100 1 1 100
101 148 2 2 148
149 219 3 3 219
220 325 4 4 325
326 481 5 5 481
482 713 6 6 713
714 1057 7 7 1057
1058 1567 8 8 1567
1568 2322 9 9 2322
2323 3440 10 10 3440
3441 5097 11 11 5097
5098 7552 12 12 7552
7553 11,190 13 13 11,190
11,191 16,579 14 14 16,579
16,580 24,564 15 15 24,564
24,565 30,000 16 16 30,000
CAUTIONS
Unpredictable results may occur when the ogated and routed daemons are run together on the same host.
FILES
Specifies the command path Contains the ogated configuration information Contains the ogated process ID Specifies the memory dump file
RELATED INFORMATION
Commands: kill, routed(8)
Files: ogated.conf(4) delim off
ogated(8)
