bitmap(1X) bitmap(1X)
NAME
bitmap, bmtoa, atobm - bitmap editor and converter utilities for the X Window System
SYNOPSIS
bitmap [-options...] [filename] [basename]
bmtoa [-chars ...] [filename]
atobm [-chars cc] [-name variable] [-xhot number] [-yhot number] [filename]
DESCRIPTION
The bitmap program is a rudimentary tool for creating or editing rectangular images made up of 1's and 0's. Bitmaps are used in X for
defining clipping regions, cursor shapes, icon shapes, and tile and stipple patterns.
The bmtoa and atobm filters convert bitmap files (FILE FORMAT) to and from ASCII strings. They are most commonly used to quickly print out
bitmaps and to generate versions for including in text.
COMMAND LINE OPTIONS
bitmap supports the standard X Toolkit command line arguments (see X(1X)). The following additional arguments are supported as well.
Specifies size of the grid in squares. Specifies the width of squares in pixels. Specifies the height of squares in pixels. Grid toler-
ance. If the square dimensions fall below the specified value, grid will be automatically turned off. Turns on or off the grid lines.
Turns on or off the major axes. Turns on or off dashing for the frame and grid lines. Turns on or off stippling of highlighted squares.
Turns proportional mode on or off. If proportional mode is on, square width is equal to square height. If proportional mode is off, bit-
map will use the smaller square dimension, if they were initially different. Specifies the bitmap to be used as a stipple for dashing.
Specifies the bitmap to be used as a stipple for highlighting. Specifies the color used for highlighting. Specifies the color used for
the frame and grid lines. Specifies the bitmap to be initially loaded into the program. If the file does not exist, bitmap will assume it
is a new file. Specifies the basename to be used in the C code output file. If it is different than the basename in the working file,
bitmap will change it when saving the file.
Bmtoa accepts the following option: This option specifies the pair of characters to use in the string version of the bitmap. The first
character is used for 0 bits and the second character is used for 1 bits. The default is to use dashes (-) for 0's and sharp signs (#) for
1's.
Atobm accepts the following options: This option specifies the pair of characters to use when converting string bitmaps into arrays of num-
bers. The first character represents a 0 bit and the second character represents a 1 bit. The default is to use dashes (-) for 0's and
sharp signs (#) for 1's. This option specifies the variable name to be used when writing out the bitmap file. The default is to use the
basename of the filename command line argument or leave it blank if the standard input is read. This option specifies the X coordinate of
the hotspot. Only positive values are allowed. By default, no hotspot information is included. This option specifies the Y coordinate of
the hotspot. Only positive values are allowed. By default, no hotspot information is included.
USAGE
bitmap displays grid in which each square represents a single bit in the picture being edited. Actual size of the bitmap image, as it
would appear normally and inverted, can be obtained by pressing Meta-I key. You are free to move the image popup out of the way to con-
tinue editing. Pressing the left mouse button in the popup window or Meta-I again will remove the real size bitmap image.
If the bitmap is to be used for defining a cursor, one of the squares in the images may be designated as the hot spot. This determines
where the cursor is actually pointing. For cursors with sharp tips (such as arrows or fingers), this is usually at the end of the tip; for
symmetric cursors (such as crosses or bullseyes), this is usually at the center.
Bitmaps are stored as small C code fragments suitable for including in applications. They provide an array of bits as well as symbolic
constants giving the width, height, and hot spot (if specified) that may be used in creating cursors, icons, and tiles.
EDITING
To edit a bitmap image simply click on one of the buttons with drawing commands (Point, Curve, Line, Rectangle, and so forth.) and move the
pointer into the bitmap grid window. Press one of the buttons on your mouse and the appropriate action will take place. You can either
set, clear or invert the gird squares. Setting a grid square corresponds to setting a bit in the bitmap image to 1. Clearing a grid
square corresponds to setting a bit in the bitmap image to 0. Inverting a grid square corresponds to changing a bit in the bitmap image
from 0 to 1 or 1 to 0, depending what its previous state was. The default behavior of mouse buttons is as specified below.
MouseButton1 Set
MouseButton2 Invert
MouseButton3 Clear
MouseButton4 Clear
MouseButton5 Clear
This default behavior can be changed by setting the button function resources. An example is provided below.
bitmap*button1Function: Set
bitmap*button2Function: Clear
bitmap*button3Function: Invert
and so forth.
The button function applies to all drawing commands, including copying, moving and pasting, flood filling and setting the hot spot.
DRAWING COMMANDS
Here is the list of drawing commands accessible through the buttons at the left side of the application's window. Some commands can be
aborted by pressing A inside the bitmap window, allowing the user to select different guiding points where applicable. This command clears
all bits in the bitmap image. The grid squares will be set to the background color. Pressing C inside the bitmap window has the same
effect. This command sets all bits in the bitmap image. The grid squares will be set to the foreground color. Pressing S inside the bit-
map window has the same effect. This command inverts all bits in the bitmap image. The grid squares will be inverted appropriately.
Pressing I inside the bitmap window has the same effect. This command is used to mark an area of the grid by dragging out a rectangular
shape in the highlighting color. Once the area is marked, it can be operated on by a number of commands (see Up, Down, Left, Right,
Rotate, Flip, Cut, and so forth.) Only one marked area can be present at any time. If you attempt to mark another area, the old mark will
vanish. The same effect can be achieved by pressing Shift-MouseButton1 and dragging out a rectangle in the grid window. Pressing Shift-
MouseButton2 will mark the entire grid area. This command will cause the marked area to vanish. The same effect can be achieved by press-
ing Shift-MouseButton3. This command is used to copy an area of the grid from one location to another. If there is no marked grid area
displayed, Copy behaves just like Mark described above. Once there is a marked grid area displayed in the highlighting color, this command
has two alternative behaviors. If you click a mouse button inside the marked area, you will be able to drag the rectangle that represents
the marked area to the desired location. After you release the mouse button, the area will be copied. If you click outside the marked
area, Copy will assume that you wish to mark a different region of the bitmap image, thus it will behave like Mark again. This command is
used to move an area of the grid from one location to another. Its behavior resembles the behavior of Copy command, except that the marked
area will be moved instead of copied. This command will flip the bitmap image with respect to the horizontal axes. If a marked area of the
grid is highlighted, it will operate only inside the marked area. Pressing H inside the bitmap window has the same effect. This command
moves the bitmap image one pixel up. If a marked area of the grid is highlighted, it will operate only inside the marked area. Pressing
UpArrow inside the bitmap window has the same effect. This command will flip the bitmap image with respect to the vertical axes. If a
marked area of the grid is highlighted, it will operate only inside the marked area. Pressing V inside the bitmap window has the same
effect. This command moves the bitmap image one pixel to the left. If a marked area of the grid is highlighted, it will operate only
inside the marked area. Pressing LeftArrow inside the bitmap window has the same effect. This command will fold the bitmap image so that
the opposite corners become adjacent. This is useful when creating bitmap images for tiling. Pressing F inside the bitmap window has the
same effect. This command moves the bitmap image one pixel to the right. If a marked area of the grid is highlighted, it will operate
only inside the marked area. Pressing RightArrow inside the bitmap window has the same effect. This command rotates the bitmap image 90
degrees to the left (counter clockwise.) If a marked area of the grid is highlighted, it will operate only inside the marked area. Press-
ing L inside the bitmap window has the same effect. This command moves the bitmap image one pixel down. If a marked area of the grid is
highlighted, it will operate only inside the marked area. Pressing DownArrow inside the bitmap window has the same effect. This command
rotates the bitmap image 90 degrees to the right (clockwise.) If a marked area of the grid is highlighted, it will operate only inside the
marked area. Pressing R inside the bitmap window has the same effect. This command will change the grid squares underneath the mouse
pointer if a mouse button is being pressed down. If you drag the mouse button continuously, the line may not be continuous, depending on
the speed of your system and frequency of mouse motion events. This command will change the grid squares underneath the mouse pointer if a
mouse button is being pressed down. If you drag the mouse button continuously, it will make sure that the line is continuous. If your
system is slow or bitmap receives very few mouse motion events, it might behave quite strangely. This command will change the gird squares
in a line between two squares. Once you press a mouse button in the grid window, bitmap will highlight the line from the square where the
mouse button was initially pressed to the square where the mouse pointer is located. By releasing the mouse button you will cause the
change to take effect, and the highlighted line will disappear. This command will change the gird squares in a rectangle between two
squares. Once you press a mouse button in the grid window, bitmap will highlight the rectangle from the square where the mouse button was
initially pressed to the square where the mouse pointer is located. By releasing the mouse button you will cause the change to take
effect, and the highlighted rectangle will disappear. This command is identical to Rectangle, except at the end the rectangle will be
filled rather than outlined. This command will change the gird squares in a circle between two squares. Once you press a mouse button in
the grid window, bitmap will highlight the circle from the square where the mouse button was initially pressed to the square where the
mouse pointer is located. By releasing the mouse button you will cause the change to take effect, and the highlighted circle will disap-
pear. This command is identical to Circle, except at the end the circle will be filled rather than outlined. This command will flood fill
the connected area underneath the mouse pointer when you click on the desired square. Diagonally adjacent squares are not considered to be
connected. This command designates one square in the grid as the hot spot if this bitmap image is to be used for defining a cursor.
Pressing a mouse button in the desired square will cause a diamond shape to be displayed. This command removes any designated hot spot
from the bitmap image. This command will undo the last executed command. It has depth one, that is, pressing Undo after Undo will undo
itself.
FILE MENU
The File menu commands can be accessed by pressing the File button and selecting the appropriate menu entry, or by pressing Ctrl key with
another key. These commands deal with files and global bitmap parameters, such as size, basename, filename and so forth. This command
will clear the editing area and prompt for the name of the new file to be edited. It will not load in the new file. This command is used
to load a new bitmap file into the bitmap editor. If the current image has not been saved, user will be asked whether to save or ignore the
changes. The editor can edit only one file at a time. If you need interactive editing, run a number of editors and use cut and paste
mechanism as described below. This command is used to insert a bitmap file into the image being currently edited. After being prompted
for the filename, click inside the grid window and drag the outlined rectangle to the location where you want to insert the new file. This
command will save the bitmap image. It will not prompt for the filename unless it is said to be <none>. If you leave the filename undes-
ignated or -, the output will be piped to stdout. This command will save the bitmap image after prompting for a new filename. It should
be used if you want to change the filename. This command is used to resize the editing area to the new number of pixels. The size should
be entered in the WIDTHxHEIGHT format. The information in the image being edited will not be lost unless the new size is smaller that the
current image size. The editor was not designed to edit huge files. This command is used to rescale the editing area to the new width and
height. The size should be entered in the WIDTHxHEIGHT format. It will not do antialiasing and information will be lost if you rescale to
the smaller sizes. Feel free to add you own algorithms for better rescaling. This command is used to change the filename without changing
the basename nor saving the file. If you specify - for a filename, the output will be piped to stdout. This command is used to change the
basename, if a different one from the specified filename is desired. This command will terminate the bitmap application. If the file was
not saved, user will be prompted and asked whether to save the image or not. This command is preferred over killing the process.
EDIT MENU
The Edit menu commands can be accessed by pressing the Edit button and selecting the appropriate menu entry, or by pressing Meta key with
another key. These commands deal with editing facilities such as grid, axes, zooming, cut and paste, and so forth. This command will dis-
play the image being edited and its inverse in its actual size in a separate window. The window can be moved away to continue with edit-
ing. Pressing the left mouse button in the image window will cause it to disappear from the screen. This command controls the grid in the
editing area. If the grid spacing is below the value specified by gridTolerance resource (8 by default), the grid will be automatically
turned off. It can be enforced by explicitly activating this command. This command controls the stipple for drawing the grid lines. The
stipple specified by dashes resource can be turned on or off by activating this command. This command controls the highlighting of the
main axes of the image being edited. The actual lines are not part of the image. They are provided to aid user when constructing symmet-
rical images, or whenever having the main axes highlighted helps your editing. This command controls the stippling of the highlighted
areas of the bitmap image. The stipple specified by stipple resource can be turned on or off by activating this command. This command
controls the proportional mode. If the proportional mode is on, width and height of all image squares are forced to be equal, regardless
of the proportions of the bitmap window. This command controls the zoom mode. If there is a marked area of the image already displayed,
bitmap will automatically zoom into it. Otherwise, user will have to highlight an area to be edited in the zoom mode and bitmap will auto-
matically switch into it. One can use all the editing commands and other utilities in the zoom mode. When you zoom out, undo command will
undo the whole zoom session. This commands cuts the contents of the highlighted image area into the internal cut and paste buffer. This
command copies the contents of the highlighted image area into the internal cut and paste buffer. This command will check if there are any
other bitmap applications with a highlighted image area, or if there is something in the internal cut and paste buffer and copy it to the
image. To place the copied image, click in the editing window and drag the outlined image to the position where you want to place i, and
then release the button.
CUT AND PASTE
bitmap supports two cut and paste mechanisms; the internal cut and paste and the global X selection cut and paste. The internal cut and
paste is used when executing copy and move drawing commands and also cut and copy commands from the edit menu. The global X selection cut
and paste is used whenever there is a highlighted area of a bitmap image displayed anywhere on the screen. To copy a part of image from
another bitmap editor simply highlight the desired area by using the Mark command or pressing the shift key and dragging the area with the
left mouse button. When the selected area becomes highlighted, any other applications (such as xterm, and so forth.) that use primary
selection will discard their selection values and unhighlight the appropriate information. Now, use the Paste command for the Edit menu or
control mouse button to copy the selected part of image into another (or the same) bitmap application. If you attempt to do this without a
visible highlighted image area, the bitmap will fall back to the internal cut and paste buffer and paste whatever was there stored at the
moment.
WIDGETS
Below is the widget structure of the bitmap application. Indentation indicates hierarchical structure. The widget class name is given
first, followed by the widget instance name. All widgets except the bitmap widget are from the standard Athena widget set.
Bitmap bitmap
TransientShell image
Box box
Label normalImage
Label invertedImage
TransientShell input
Dialog dialog
Command okay
Command cancel
TransientShell error
Dialog dialog
Command abort
Command retry
TransientShell qsave
Dialog dialog
Command yes
Command no
Command cancel
Paned parent
Form formy
MenuButton fileButton
SimpleMenu fileMenu
SmeBSB new
SmeBSB load
SmeBSB insert
SmeBSB save
SmeBSB saveAs
SmeBSB resize
SmeBSB rescale
SmeBSB filename
SmeBSB basename
SmeLine line
SmeBSB quit
MenuButton editButton
SimpleMenu editMenu
SmeBSB image
SmeBSB grid
SmeBSB dashed
SmeBSB axes
SmeBSB stippled
SmeBSB proportional
SmeBSB zoom
SmeLine line
SmeBSB cut
SmeBSB copy
SmeBSB paste
Label status
Pane pane
Bitmap bitmap
Form form
Command clear
Command set
Command invert
Toggle mark
Command unmark
Toggle copy
Toggle move
Command flipHoriz
Command up
Command flipVert
Command left
Command fold
Command right
Command rotateLeft
Command down
Command rotateRight
Toggle point
Toggle curve
Toggle line
Toggle rectangle
Toggle filledRectangle
Toggle circle
Toggle filledCircle
Toggle floodFill
Toggle setHotSpot
Command clearHotSpot
Command undo
COLORS
If you would like bitmap to be viewable in color, include the following in the #ifdef COLOR section of the file you read with xrdb:
*customization: -color
This will cause bitmap to pick up the colors in the app-defaults color customization file:
<XRoot>/lib/X11/app-defaults/Bitmap-color
where <XRoot> refers to the root of the X11 install tree.
BITMAP WIDGET
Bitmap widget is a stand-alone widget for editing raster images. It is not designed to edit large images, although it may be used in that
purpose as well. It can be freely incorporated with other applications and used as a standard editing tool. The following are the
resources provided by the bitmap widget.
Bitmap Widget
Header file Bitmap.h
Class bitmapWidgetClass
Class Name Bitmap
Superclass Bitmap
All the Simple Widget resources plus ...
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Class Type Default Value
------------------------------------------------------------------------
foreground Foreground Pixel XtDefaultFore-
ground
highlight Highlight Pixel XtDefaultFore-
ground
framing Framing Pixel XtDefaultFore-
ground
gridTolerance GridTolerance Dimension 8
size Size String 32x32
dashed Dashed Boolean True
grid Grid Boolean True
stippled Stippled Boolean True
proportional Proportional Boolean True
axes Axes Boolean False
squareWidth SquareWidth Dimension 16
squareHeight SquareHeight Dimension 16
margin Margin Dimension 16
xHot XHot Position NotSet (-1)
yHot YHot Position NotSet (-1)
button1Function Button1Function DrawingFunction Set
button2Function Button2Function DrawingFunction Invert
button3Function Button3Function DrawingFunction Clear
button4Function Button4Function DrawingFunction Invert
button5Function Button5Function DrawingFunction Invert
filename Filename String None ()
basename Basename String None ()
------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR
Davor Matic, MIT X Consortium
bitmap(1X)