ORDERS(7) BSD Miscellaneous Information Manual ORDERS(7)NAME
orders -- orders of magnitude
DESCRIPTION
The following table lists common multiples of bytes.
Name Prefix Power of 2 Power of 10
Kilobyte kB 2^10 10^3
Megabyte MB 2^20 10^6
Gigabyte GB 2^30 10^9
Terabyte TB 2^40 10^12
Petabyte PB 2^50 10^15
Exabyte EB 2^60 10^18
Zettabyte ZB 2^70 10^21
Yottabyte YB 2^80 10^24
The following table lists common bit rates as a power of ten.
Name Prefix Bit per second Byte per second
Bit per second bit/s 1 0.125
Byte per second B/s 8 1
Kilobit per second kbit/s 10^3 125
Kilobyte per second kB/s 8 * 10^3 1000
Megabit per second Mbit/s 10^6 125000
Megabyte per second MB/s 8 * 10^6 1000000
Gigabit per second Gbit/s 10^9 125000000
Gigabyte per second GB/s 8 * 10^9 1000000000
Terabit per second Tbit/s 10^12 125000000000
Terabyte per second TB/s 8 * 10^12 1000000000000
The following table lists common orders of magnitude as a power of ten.
Name Order Prefix Symbol Decimal
Septillionth 10^-24 yocto y 0.000000000000000000000001
Sextillionth 10^-21 zepto z 0.000000000000000000001
Quintillionth 10^-18 atto a 0.000000000000000001
Quadrillionth 10^-15 femto f 0.000000000000001
Trillionth 10^-12 pico p 0.000000000001
Billionth 10^-9 nano n 0.000000001
Millionth 10^-6 micro mu 0.000001
Thousandth 10^-3 milli m 0.001
Hundredth 10^-2 centi c 0.01
Tenth 10^-1 deci d 0.1
One 10^0 - - 1
Ten 10^1 deca da 10
Hundred 10^2 hecto h 100
Thousand 10^3 kilo k 1000
Million 10^6 mega M 1000000
Billion 10^9 giga G 1000000000
Trillion 10^12 tera T 1000000000000
Quadrillion 10^15 peta P 1000000000000000
Quintillion 10^18 exa E 1000000000000000000
Sextillion 10^21 zetta Z 1000000000000000000000
Septillion 10^24 yotta Y 1000000000000000000000000
SEE ALSO units(1), strsuftoll(3), number(6)STANDARDS
There have been various attempts to standardize the set of binary prefixes. Organizations such as International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) have proposed new prefixes such as ``kibi'', ``mebi'', ``gibi'', and ``yobi'', but the adoption has been slow at best.
BSD August 6, 2011 BSD
Check Out this Related Man Page
HUMANIZE_NUMBER(3) BSD Library Functions Manual HUMANIZE_NUMBER(3)NAME
humanize_number -- format a number into a human readable form
LIBRARY
System Utilities Library (libutil, -lutil)
SYNOPSIS
#include <libutil.h>
int
humanize_number(char *buf, size_t len, int64_t number, const char *suffix, int scale, int flags);
DESCRIPTION
The humanize_number() function formats the signed 64-bit quantity given in number into buf. A space and then suffix is appended to the end.
The buffer pointed to by buf must be at least len bytes long.
If the formatted number (including suffix) would be too long to fit into buf, then divide number by 1024 until it will. In this case, prefix
suffix with the appropriate designator. The humanize_number() function follows the traditional computer science conventions by default,
rather than the IEE/IEC (and now also SI) power of two convention or the power of ten notion. This behaviour however can be altered by spec-
ifying the HN_DIVISOR_1000 and HN_IEC_PREFIXES flags.
The traditional (default) prefixes are:
Prefix Description Multiplier Multiplier 1000x
(note) kilo 1024 1000
M mega 1048576 1000000
G giga 1073741824 1000000000
T tera 1099511627776 1000000000000
P peta 1125899906842624 1000000000000000
E exa 1152921504606846976 1000000000000000000
Note: An uppercase K indicates a power of two, a lowercase k a power of ten.
The IEE/IEC (and now also SI) power of two prefixes are:
Prefix Description Multiplier
Ki kibi 1024
Mi mebi 1048576
Gi gibi 1073741824
Ti tebi 1099511627776
Pi pebi 1125899906842624
Ei exbi 1152921504606846976
The len argument must be at least 4 plus the length of suffix, in order to ensure a useful result is generated into buf. To use a specific
prefix, specify this as scale (multiplier = 1024 ^ scale; when HN_DIVISOR_1000 is specified, multiplier = 1000 ^ scale). This cannot be com-
bined with any of the scale flags below.
The following flags may be passed in scale:
HN_AUTOSCALE Format the buffer using the lowest multiplier possible.
HN_GETSCALE Return the prefix index number (the number of times number must be divided to fit) instead of formatting it to the
buffer.
The following flags may be passed in flags:
HN_DECIMAL If the final result is less than 10, display it using one decimal place.
HN_NOSPACE Do not put a space between number and the prefix.
HN_B Use 'B' (bytes) as prefix if the original result does not have a prefix.
HN_DIVISOR_1000 Divide number with 1000 instead of 1024.
HN_IEC_PREFIXES Use the IEE/IEC notion of prefixes (Ki, Mi, Gi...). This flag has no effect when HN_DIVISOR_1000 is also specified.
RETURN VALUES
Upon success, the humanize_number function returns the number of characters that would have been stored in buf (excluding the terminating
NUL) if buf was large enough, or -1 upon failure. Even upon failure, the contents of buf may be modified. If HN_GETSCALE is specified, the
prefix index number will be returned instead.
SEE ALSO expand_number(3)STANDARDS
The HN_DIVISOR_1000 and HN_IEC_PREFIXES flags conform to ISO/IEC Std 80000-13:2008 and IEEE Std 1541-2002.
HISTORY
The humanize_number() function first appeared in NetBSD 2.0 and then in FreeBSD 5.3. The HN_IEC_PREFIXES flag was introduced in FreeBSD 9.0.
BSD October 7, 2013 BSD