restore(1M) restore(1M)
NAME
restore, rrestore - restore file system incrementally, local or across network
SYNOPSIS
key [name ...]
key [name ...]
DESCRIPTION
The and commands read tapes previously dumped by the or command (see dump(1M) and rdump(1M)).
Actions taken are controlled by the key argument where key is a string of characters containing not more than one function letter and pos-
sibly one or more function modifiers. One or more name arguments, if present, are file or directory names specifying the files that are to
be restored. Unless the modifier is specified (see below), the appearance of a directory name refers to the files and (recursively) subdi-
rectories of that directory.
Function Portion of key
The function portion of the key is specified by one of the following letters:
Read the tape and load into the current directory.
should be used only after careful consideration, and only to restore a complete dump tape onto a clear file system, or to
restore an incremental dump tape after a full level zero restore. Thus,
is a typical sequence to restore a complete dump. Another or can then be performed to restore an incremental dump on top of
this. Note that and leave a file in the root directory of the file system to pass information between incremental restore
passes. This file should be removed when the last incremental tape has been restored. A or followed by a and a or is used to
change the size of a file system (see newfs(1M)).
and request a particular tape of a multivolume set on which to restart a full restore (see above). This provides a means for
interrupting and restarting and
Extract the named files from the tape.
If the named file matches a directory whose contents had been written onto the tape, and the modifier is not specified, the
directory is recursively extracted. The owner, modification time, and mode are restored (if possible). If no file argument
is given, the root directory is extracted, which results in the entire contents of the tape being extracted, unless has been
specified.
Names of the specified files are listed if they occur on the tape.
If no file argument is given, the root directory is listed, which results in the entire content of the tape being listed,
unless has been specified.
The next argument to
is used as the dump file number to recover. This is useful if there is more than one dump file on a tape.
This mode allows interactive restoration of files from a dump tape.
After reading in the directory information from the tape, and provide a shell-like interface that allows the user to move
around the directory tree selecting files to be extracted. The available commands are given below; for those commands that
require an argument, the default is the current directory.
The current directory or specified argument
is added to the list of files to be extracted. If a directory is specified, it and all its descendents are
added to the extraction list (unless the key is specified on the command line). File names on the extraction
list are displayed with a leading when listed by
Change the current working directory to the specified argument.
The current directory or specified argument
is deleted from the list of files to be extracted. If a directory is specified, it and all its descendents are
deleted from the extraction list (unless is specified on the command line). The most expedient way to extract
files from a directory is to add the directory to the extraction list, then delete unnecessary files.
All files named on the extraction list are extracted
from the dump tape. and ask which volume the user wants to mount. The fastest way to extract a few files is
to start with the last volume, then work toward the first volume.
List a summary of the available commands.
List the current or specified directory.
Entries that are directories are displayed with a trailing Entries marked for extraction are displayed with a
leading If the verbose key is set, the inode number of each entry is also listed.
Print the full path name of the current working directory.
and immediately exit, even if the extraction list is not empty.
Set the owner, modes, and times of all directories
that are added to the extraction list. Nothing is extracted from the tape. This setting is useful for clean-
ing up after a restore aborts prematurely.
The sense of the
modifier is toggled. When set, the verbose key causes the command to list the inode numbers of all entries.
It also causes and to print out information about each file as it is extracted.
Function Modifiers
The following function modifier characters can be used in addition to the letter that selects the function desired:
Specify the block size of the tape in kilobytes.
If the option is not specified, and try to determine the tape block size dynamically.
Specify the name of the archive instead of
If the name of the file is reads from standard input. Thus, and can be used in a pipeline to dump and restore a file system
with the command
When using this key should be specified, and the next argument supplied should be of the form
Extract the actual directory,
rather than the files to which it refers. This prevents hierarchical restoration of complete subtrees from the tape, rather
than the files to which it refers.
Extract by inode numbers rather than by file name.
This is useful if only a few files are being extracted and one wants to avoid regenerating the complete path name to the file.
Type the name of each file
and treat, preceded by its file type. Normally and do their work silently; the modifier specifies verbose output.
Do not ask whether to abort the operation if
and encounters a tape error. and attempt to skip over the bad tape block(s) and continue.
creates a server, either or on the remote machine to access the tape device.
DIAGNOSTICS
and complain about bad key characters.
and complain if a read error is encountered. If the modifier has been specified, or the user responds and attempt to continue the restore.
If the dump extends over more than one tape, and ask the user to change tapes. If the or function has been specified, and also ask which
volume the user wants to mount. The fastest way to extract a few files is to start with the last volume and work towards the first volume.
There are numerous consistency checks that can be listed by and Most checks are self-explanatory or can ``never happen''. Here are some
common errors:
The specified file name was listed in the tape directory
but not found on the tape. This is caused by tape read errors while looking for the file, and from using a dump tape created
on an active file system.
A file not listed in the directory showed up.
This can occur when using a dump tape created on an active file system.
When doing an incremental restore,
a tape that was written before the previous incremental tape, or that has too low an incremental level has been loaded.
When doing an incremental restore,
a tape that does not begin its coverage where the previous incremental tape left off, or that has too high an incremental
level has been loaded.
A tape read error has occurred.
If a file name is specified, the contents of the restored files are probably partially wrong. If restore is skipping an
inode or is trying to resynchronize the tape, no extracted files are corrupted, although files may not be found on the tape.
After a tape read error,
and may have to resynchronize themselves. This message indicates the number of blocks skipped over.
WARNINGS
and can get confused when doing incremental restores from dump tapes that were made on active file systems.
A level zero dump (see dump(1M)) must be done after a full restore. Since restore runs in user code, it has no control over inode alloca-
tion; thus a full dump must be done to get a new set of directories reflecting the new inode numbering, even though the contents of the
files are unchanged.
AUTHOR
and were developed by the University of California, Berkeley.
FILES
Default tape drive.
File containing directories on the tape.
Owner, mode, and time stamps for directories.
Information passed between incremental restores.
SEE ALSO
dump(1M), mkfs(1M), mount(1M), newfs(1M), rmt(1M), mt(7).
restore(1M)