TOR-GENCERT(1) Tor Manual TOR-GENCERT(1)NAME
tor-gencert - Generate certs and keys for Tor directory authorities
SYNOPSIS
tor-gencert [-h|--help] [-v] [-r|--reuse] [--create-identity-key] [-i id_file] [-c cert_file] [-m num] [-a address:port]
DESCRIPTION
tor-gencert generates certificates and private keys for use by Tor directory authorities running the v3 Tor directory protocol, as used by
Tor 0.2.0 and later. If you are not running a directory authority, you don't need to use tor-gencert.
Every directory authority has a long term authority identity key (which is distinct from the identity key it uses as a Tor server); this
key should be kept offline in a secure location. It is used to certify shorter-lived signing keys, which are kept online and used by the
directory authority to sign votes and consensus documents.
After you use this program to generate a signing key and a certificate, copy those files to the keys subdirectory of your Tor process, and
send Tor a SIGHUP signal. DO NOT COPY THE IDENTITY KEY.
OPTIONS -v
Display verbose output.
-h or --help
Display help text and exit.
-r or --reuse
Generate a new certificate, but not a new signing key. This can be used to change the address or lifetime associated with a given key.
--create-identity-key
Generate a new identity key. You should only use this option the first time you run tor-gencert; in the future, you should use the
identity key that's already there.
-i FILENAME
Read the identity key from the specified file. If the file is not present and --create-identity-key is provided, create the identity
key in the specified file. Default: "./authority_identity_key"
-s FILENAME
Write the signing key to the specified file. Default: "./authority_signing_key"
-c FILENAME
Write the certificate to the specified file. Default: "./authority_certificate"
-m NUM
Number of months that the certificate should be valid. Default: 12.
--passphrase-fd FILEDES
Filedescriptor to read the file descriptor from. Ends at the first NUL or newline. Default: read from the terminal.
-a address:port
If provided, advertise the address:port combination as this authority's preferred directory port in its certificate. If the address is
a hostname, the hostname is resolved to an IP before it's published.
BUGS
This probably doesn't run on Windows. That's not a big issue, since we don't really want authorities to be running on Windows anyway.
SEE ALSO tor(1)
See also the "dir-spec.txt" file, distributed with Tor.
AUTHORS
Roger Dingledine <arma@mit.edu>, Nick Mathewson <nickm@alum.mit.edu>.
AUTHOR
Nick Mathewson
Author.
Tor 09/26/2014 TOR-GENCERT(1)
Check Out this Related Man Page
LPRNG_CERTS(1) General Commands Manual LPRNG_CERTS(1)NAME
lprng_certs - lprng SSL certificate management
SYNOPSIS
lprng_certs option
Options:
init - make directory structure
newca - make new root CA
defaults - set new default values for certs
gen - generate user, server, or signing cert
index [dir] - index cert files
verify [cert] - verify cert file
encrypt keyfile
- set or change keyfile password
DESCRIPTION
The lprng_certs program is used to manage SSL certificates for the LPRng software. There SSL certificate structure consists of a hierarchy
of certificates. The LPRng software assumes that the following types of certificates will be used:
CA or root
A top level or self-signed certificate.
signing
A certificate that can be used to sign other certificates. This is signed by the root CA or another signing certificate.
user A certificate used by a user to identify themselves to the lpd server.
server A certificate used by the lpd server to identify themselves to the user or other lpd servers.
Signing Certificates
All of the signing certificates, including the root certificate (root CA), /etc/lpd/ssl.ca/ca.crt, are in the same directory as the root CA
file. Alternately, all of the signing certs can be concatenated and put into a single file, which by convention is assumed to have the
same name as the root CA file, /etc/lpd/ssl.ca/ca.crt. The ssl_ca_file, ssl_ca_path, and ssl_ca_key printcap and configuration options can
be used to specify the locations of the root CA files, a directory containing the signing certificate files, and the private key file for
the root CA file respectively.
The root certificate (root CA file) /etc/lpd/ssl.ca/ca.crt has a private key file /etc/lpd/ssl.ca/ca.key as well. By convention, the pri-
vate keys for the other signing certificate files are stored in the certificate file.
The OpenSSL software requires that this directory also contain a set of hash files which are, in effect, links to these files.
By default, all signing certificates are assumed to be in the same directory as the root certificate.
Server Certificates
The certificate used by the lpd server are kept in another directory. These files do not need to have hash links to them. By convention,
the private keys for these certificate files are stored in the certificate file. The server certificate file is specified by the
ssl_server_cert and has the default value /etc/lpd/ssl.server/server.crt. This file contains the cert and private key. The server cer-
tificate password file is specified by the ssl_server_password option with the default value @SSL_SERVER_PASSWORD@ and contains the pass-
word used to decrypt the servers private key and use it for authentication. This key file should be read only by the lpd server.
User Certificates
The certificates used by users are kept in a separate directory in the users home directory. By convention, the private keys for these
certificate files are stored in the certificate file.
The user certificate file is specified by the LPR_SSL_FILE environment variable, otherwise the ${HOME}/.lpr/client.crt is used. The pass-
word is taken from the file specified by the LPR_SSL_PASSWORD environment variable, otherwise the ${HOME}/.lpr/client.pwd file is read.
USING LPRNG_CERTS
The organization of the SSL certificates used by LPRng is similar to that used by other programs such as the Apache mod_ssl support. The
lprng_certs program is used to create the directory structure, create certificates for the root CA, signing, user and servers. In order to
make managment simple, the following support is provided.
lprng_certs init
This command creates the directories used by the lpd server. It is useful when setting up a new lpd server.
lprng_certs newca
This command creates a self-signed certificate, suitable for use as a root CA certificate. It also sets up a set of default values for
other certificate creation.
lprng_certs defaults
This command is used to modify the set of default values.
The default values are listed and should be self-explanatory, except for the value of the signer certificate. By default, the root CA can
be used to sign certificates. However, a signing certificate can be used as well. This allows delegation of signing authority without
compromising the security of the root CA.
lprng_certs gen
This is used to generate a user, server, or signing certificate.
lprng_certs index
This is used to create the indexes for the signing certificates.
lprng_certs verify [cert]
This checks the certificate file using the Openssl openssl verify command.
lprng_certs encrypt keyfile
This removes all key information from the key file, reencrypts the key information, and the puts the encrypted key information in the file.
LPRng OPTIONS
Option Purpose
ssl_ca_path directory holding the SSL signing certs
ssl_ca_file file holding the root CA or all SSL signing certs
ssl_server_cert cert file for the server
ssl_server_password file containing password for server server
${HOME}/.lpr/client.crt client certificate file
${HOME}/.lpr/client.pwd client certificate private key password
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
LPR_SSL_FILE client certificate file
LPR_SSL_PASSWORD client certificate private key password
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values are returned:
zero (0) Successful completion.
non-zero (!=0) An error occurred.
SEE ALSO lpd.conf(5), lpc(8), lpd(8), checkpc(8), lpr(1), lpq(1), lprm(1), printcap(5), lpd.conf(5), pr(1), lprng_certs(1), lprng_index_certs(1).
HISTORY
LPRng is a enhanced printer spooler system with functionality similar to the Berkeley LPR software. The LPRng mailing list is
lprng@lprng.com; subscribe by sending mail to lprng-request@lprng.com with the word subscribe in the body. The software is available from
ftp://ftp.lprng.com/pub/LPRng.
AUTHOR
Patrick Powell <papowell@lprng.com>.
LPRng LPRng-3.9.0 LPRNG_CERTS(1)