OWSERVER(1) One-Wire File System OWSERVER(1)
NAME
owserver - Backend server (daemon) for 1-wire control
SYNOPSIS
owserver [ -c config ] -d serialport | -u | -s [host:]port -p tcp-port
DESCRIPTION
1-Wire
1-wire is a wiring protocol and series of devices designed and manufactured by Dallas Semiconductor, Inc. The bus is a low-power low-speed
low-connector scheme where the data line can also provide power.
Each device is uniquely and unalterably numbered during manufacture. There are a wide variety of devices, including memory, sensors (humid-
ity, temperature, voltage, contact, current), switches, timers and data loggers. More complex devices (like thermocouple sensors) can be
built with these basic devices. There are also 1-wire devices that have encryption included.
The 1-wire scheme uses a single bus master and multiple slaves on the same wire. The bus master initiates all communication. The slaves can
be individually discovered and addressed using their unique ID.
Bus masters come in a variety of configurations including serial, parallel, i2c, network or USB adapters.
OWFS design
OWFS is a suite of programs that designed to make the 1-wire bus and its devices easily accessible. The underlying priciple is to create a
virtual filesystem, with the unique ID being the directory, and the individual properties of the device are represented as simple files
that can be read and written.
Details of the individual slave or master design are hidden behind a consistent interface. The goal is to provide an easy set of tools for
a software designer to create monitoring or control applications. There are some performance enhancements in the implementation, including
data caching, parallel access to bus masters, and aggregation of device communication. Still the fundemental goal has been ease of use,
flexibility and correctness rather than speed.
owserver
owserver (1) is the backend component of the OWFS 1-wire bus control system. owserver (1) arbitrates access to the bus from multiple
client processes. The physical bus is usually connected to a serial or USB port, and other processes connect to owserver (1) over network
sockets (tcp port). Communication can be local or over a network. Secure tunneling can be implemented using standard techniques.
Frontend clients include a filesystem representation: owfs (1) , and a webserver: owhttpd (1). Direct language bindings are also avail-
able, e.g: owperl (3). Several instances of each client can be initiated.
Each client can also connect directly to the physical bus, skipping owserver (1) but only one client can connect to the physical bus
safely. Simultaneous access is prevented by the operating system for USB ports, but unfortunately not serial ports. The safe way to share
access to the 1-wire bus is via owserver (1) with the clients connecting. Note: owserver (1) can connect to another owserver (1) process,
though the utility of this technique is limited (perhaps as a readonly buffer?)
owserver (1) is by default multithreaded. Optional data caching is in the server, not clients, so all the clients gain efficiency.
Device Options (1-wire Bus Master)
These options specify the device (bus master) connecting the computer to the 1-wire bus. The 1-wire slaves are connected to the 1-wire bus,
and the bus master connects to a port on the computer and controls the 1-wire bus. The bus master is either an actual physical device, the
kernel w1 module, or an owserver (1).
At least one device option is required. There is no default. More than one device can be listed, and all will be used. (A logical union
unless you explore the /bus.n/ directories.)
Linux and BSD enforce a security policy restricting access to hardware ports. You must have sufficient rights to access the given port or
access will silently fail.
* Serial devices
port specifies a serial port, e.g. /dev/ttyS0
-d port | --device=port (DS2480B)
DS2480B-based bus master (like the DS9097U or the LINK in emulation mode). If the adapter doesn't respond, a passive type (DS9907E
or diode/resistor) circuit will be assumed.
--serial_flextime | --serial_regulartime (DS2480B)
Changes details of bus timing (see DS2480B datasheet). Some devices, like the Swart LCD cannot work with flextime.
--baud=1200|9600|19200|38400|57600|115200 (DS2480B,LINK,HA5)
Sets the initial serial port communication speed for all bus masters. Not all serial devices support all speeds. You can change the
individual bus master speed for the LINK and DS2880B in the interface/settings directory. The HA5 speed is set in hardware, so the
command line buad rate should match that rate.
Usually the default settings (9600 for LINK and DS2480B ) and 115200 for the HA5 are sane and shouldn't be changed.
--straight_polarity | --reverse_polarity (DS2480B)
Reverse polarity of the DS2480B output transistors? Not needed for the DS9097U, but required for some other designs.
--link=port (LINK)
iButtonLink LINK adapter (all versions) in non-emulation mode. Uses an ascii protocol over serial.
--ha7e=port (HA7E)
Embedded Data Systems HA7E adapter ( and HA7S ) in native ascii mode.
--ha5=port | --ha5=port:a | --ha5=port:acg (HA5)
Embedded Data Systems HA5 mutidrop adapter in native ascii mode. Up to 26 adapters can share the same port, each with an assigned
letter. If no letter specified, the program will scan for the first response (which may be slow).
--checksum | --no_checksum (HA5)
Turn on (default) or off the checksum feature of the HA5 communication.
--passive=port | --ha2=port | --ha3=port | --ha4b=port (Passive)
Passive 1-wire adapters. Powered off the serial port and using passive electrical components (resitors and diodes).
--8bit | --6bit (Passive)
Synthesize the 1-wire waveforme using a 6-bit (default) serial word, or 8-bit word. Not all UART devices support 6 bit operation.
--timeout_serial=5
Timeout (in seconds) for all serial communications. 5 second default. Can be altered dynamically under /settings/timeout/serial
* USB devices
The only supported true USB bus masters are based on the DS2490 chip. The most common is the DS9490R which has an included 1-wire ID slave
with family code 81.
There are also bus masters based on the serial chip with a USB to serial conversion built in. These are supported by the serial bus master
protocol.
-u | --usb
DS2490 based bus master (like the DS9490R).
-u2 | --usb=2
Use the second USB bus master. (The order isn't predicatble, however, since the operating system does not conssitently order USB
devices).
-uall | --usb=ALL
Use all the USB devices.
--usb_flextime | --usb_regulartime
Changes the details of 1-wire waveform timing for certain network configurations.
--altusb
Willy Robion's alternative USB timing.
--timeout_usb=5
Timeout for USB communications. This has a 5 second default and can be changed dynamically under /settings/timeout/usb
* I2C devices
I2C is 2 wire protocol used for chip-to-chip communication. The bus masters: DS2482-100, DS2482-101 and DS2482-800 can specify (via pin
voltages) a subset of addresses on the i2c bus. Those choices are
i2c_address
0,1,2,3
0x18,0x19,0x1A,0x1B
4,5,6,7
0x1C,0x1D,0x1E,0x1F (DS2482-800 only)
port for i2c masters have the form /dev/i2c-0, /dev/i2c-1, ...
-d port | --device=port
This simple form only permits a specific port and the first available i2c_address
--i2c=port | --i2c=port:i2c_address | --i2c=port:ALL
Specific i2c port and the i2c_address is either the first, specific, or all or them. The i2c_address is 0,1,2,...
--i2c | --i2c=: | --i2c=ALL:ALL
Search the available i2c buses for either the first, the first, or every i2c adapter.
The DS2482-800 masters 8 1-wire buses and so will generate 8 /bus.n entries.
* Network devices
These bus masters communicate via the tcp/ip network protocol and so can be located anywhere on the network. The network_address is of the
form tcp_address:port
E.g. 192.168.0.1:3000 or localhost:3000
--link=network_address
LinkHubE network LINK adapter by iButtonLink
--ha7net=network_address | --ha7net
HA7Net network 1-wire adapter with specified tcp address or discovered by udp multicast. By Embedded Data Systems
--timeout_ha7=60 specific timeout for HA7Net communications (60 second default).
--etherweather=network_address
Etherweather adapter
-s network_address | --server=network_address
Location of an owserver (1) program that talks to the 1-wire bus. The default port is 4304.
--timeout_network=5
Timeout for network bus master communications. This has a 1 second default and can be changed dynamically under /settings/time-
out/network
* Simulated devices
Used for testing and development. No actual hardware is needed. Useful for separating the hardware development from the rest of the soft-
ware design.
devices
is a list of comma-separated 1-wire devices in the following formats. Note that a valid CRC8 code is created automatically.
10,05,21
Hexidecimal family codes (the DS18S20, DS2405 and DS1921 in this example).
10.12AB23431211
A more complete hexidecimal unique address. Useful when an actual hardware device should be simulated.
DS2408,DS2489
The 1-wire device name. (Full ID cannot be speciifed in this format).
--fake=devices
Random address and random values for each read. The device ID is also random (unless specified).
--temperature_low=12 --temperature_high=44
Specify the temperature limits for the fake adapter simulation. These should be in the same temperature scale that is specified in
the command line. It is possible to change the limits dynamically for each adapter under /bus.x/interface/settings/simulated/[tem-
perature_low|temperature_high]
--tester=devices
Predictable address and predictable values for each read. (See the website for the algorhythm).
* w1 kernel module
This a linux-specific option for using the operating system's access to bus masters. Root access is required and the implementation was
still in progress as of owfs v2.7p12 and linux 2.6.30.
Bus masters are recognized and added dynamically. Details of the physical bus master are not accessible, bu they include USB, i2c and a
number of GPIO designs on embedded boards.
Access is restrict to superuser due to the netlink broadcast protocol employed by w1. Multitasking must be configured (threads) on the com-
pilation.
--w1 Use the linux kernel w1 virtual bus master.
--timeout_w1=10
Timeout for w1 netlink communications. This has a 10 second default and can be changed dynamically under /settings/timeout/w1
SPECIFIC OPTIONS
-p
TCP port or IPaddress:port for owserver
Other OWFS programs will access owserver via this address. (e.g. owfs -s IP:port /1wire)
If no port is specified, the default well-known port (4304 -- assigned by the IANA) will be used.
TEMPERATURE SCALE OPTIONS
-C --Celsius
-F --Fahrenheit
-K --Kelvin
-R --Rankine
Temperature scale used for data output. Celsius is the default.
Can also be changed within the program at /settings/units/temperature_scale
PRESSURE SCALE OPTIONS
--mbar (default)
--atm
--mmHg
--inHg
--psi
--Pa
Pressure scale used for data output. Millibar is the default.
Can also be changed within the program at /settings/units/pressure_scale
FORMAT OPTIONS
Choose the representation of the 1-wire unique identifiers. OWFS uses these identifiers as unique directory names.
Although several display formats are selectable, all must be in family-id-crc8 form, unlike some other programs and the labelling on iBut-
tons, which are crc8-id-family form.
-f --format="f[.]i[[.]c]"
Display format for the 1-wire devices. Each device has a 8byte address, consisting of:
f family code, 1 byte
i ID number, 6 bytes
c CRC checksum, 1 byte
Possible formats are f.i (default, 01.A1B2C3D4E5F6), fi fic f.ic f.i.c and fi.c
All formats are accepted as input, but the output will be in the specified format.
The address elements can be retrieved from a device entry in owfs by the family, id and crc8 properties, and as a whole with address. The
reversed id and address can be retrieved as r_id and r_address.
JOB CONTROL OPTIONS
-r --readonly
-w --write
Do we allow writing to the 1-wire bus (writing memory, setting switches, limits, PIOs)? The write option is available for symmetry, it's
the default.
-P --pid-file filename
Places the PID -- process ID of owfs into the specified filename. Useful for startup scripts control.
--background | --foreground
Whether the program releases the console and runs in the background after evaluating command line options. background is the default.
--error_print=0|1|2|3
=0 default mixed destination: stderr foreground / syslog background
=1 syslog only
=2 stderr only
=3 /dev/null (quiet mode).
--error_level=0..9
=0 default errors only
=1 connections/disconnections
=2 all high level calls
=3 data summary for each call
=4 details level
>4 debugging chaff
--error_level=9 produces a lot of output
CONFIGURATION FILE
-c file | --configuration file
Name of an owfs (5) configuration file with more command line parameters
HELP OPTIONS
See also this man page and the web site http://www.owfs.org
-h --help=[device|cache|program|job|temperature]
Shows basic summary of options.
device 1-wire bus master options
cache cache and communication size and timing
program
mountpoint or TCP server settings
job control and debugging options
temperature
Unique ID display format and temperature scale
-V --version
Version of this program and related libraries.
TIME OPTIONS
Timeouts for the bus masters were previously listed in Device options. Timeouts for the cache affect the time that data stays in memory.
Default values are shown.
--timeout_volatile=15
Seconds until a volatile property expires in the cache. Volatile properties are those (like temperature) that change on their own.
Can be changed dynamically at /settings/timeout/volatile
--timeout_stable=300
Seconds until a stable property expires in the cache. Stable properties are those that shouldn't change unless explicitly changed. Memory
contents for example.
Can be changed dynamically at /settings/timeout/stable
--timeout_directory=60
Seconds until a directory listing expires in the cache. Directory lists are the 1-wire devices found on the bus.
Can be changed dynamically at /settings/timeout/directory
--timeout_presence=120
Seconds until the presence and bus location of a 1-wire device expires in the cache.
Can be changed dynamically at /settings/timeout/presence
There are also timeouts for specific program responses:
--timeout_server=5
Seconds until the expected response from the owserver (1) is deemed tardy.
Can be changed dynamically at /settings/timeout/server
--timeout_ftp=900
Seconds that an ftp session is kept alive.
Can be changed dynamically at /settings/timeout/ftp
PERSISTENT THRESHOLD OPTIONS
These settings control the behavior of owserver (1) in granting and dropping persistent tcp connections. The default settings are shown.
In general no changes should be needed. In general the purpose is to limit total resource usage from an errant or rogue client.
--timeout_persistent_low=600
Minimum seconds that a persistent tcp connection to owserver (1) is kept open. This is the limit used when the number of connections is
above --clients_persistent_low
--timeout_persistent_high=3600
Maximum seconds that a persistent tcp connection to owserver (1) is kept open. This is the limit used when the number of connections is
below --clients_persistent_low
--clients_persistent_low=10
Maximum number of persistent tcp connections to owserver (1) before connections start getting the more stringent time limitation --time-
out_persistent_low
--clients_persistent_high=20
Maximum number of persistent tcp connections to before no more are allowed (only non-persistent at this point). owserver (1) before no
more are allowed (only non-persistent at this point).
DEVELOPER OPTIONS
--no_dirall
Reject DIRALL messages (requests directory as a single message), forcing client to use older DIR method (each element is an individual mes-
sage)
--no_get
Reject GET messages (lets owserver determine if READ or DIRALL is appropriate). Client will fall back to older methods.
--no_persistence
Reject persistence in requests. All transactions will have to be new connections.
--pingcrazy
Interject many "keep-alive" (PING) responses. Usually PING responses are only sent when processing is taking a long time to inform client
that owserver is still there.
EXAMPLE
owserver -p 3001 -d /dev/ttyS0 runs owserver on tcp port 3001 and connects to a physical 1-wire bus on a serial port.
SEE ALSO
Programs
owfs (1) owhttpd (1) owftpd (1) owserver (1) owdir (1) owread (1) owwrite (1) owpresent (1) owtap (1)
Configuration and testing
owfs (5) owtap (1) owmon (1)
Language bindings
owtcl (3) owperl (3) owcapi (3)
Clocks
DS1427 (3) DS1904(3) DS1994 (3) DS2404 (3) DS2404S (3) DS2415 (3) DS2417 (3)
ID
DS2401 (3) DS2411 (3) DS1990A (3)
Memory
DS1982 (3) DS1985 (3) DS1986 (3) DS1991 (3) DS1992 (3) DS1993 (3) DS1995 (3) DS1996 (3) DS2430A (3) DS2431 (3) DS2433 (3) DS2502 (3) DS2506
(3) DS28E04 (3) DS28EC20 (3)
Switches
DS2405 (3) DS2406 (3) DS2408 (3) DS2409 (3) DS2413 (3) DS28EA00 (3)
Temperature
DS1822 (3) DS1825 (3) DS1820 (3) DS18B20 (3) DS18S20 (3) DS1920 (3) DS1921 (3) DS1821 (3) DS28EA00 (3) DS28E04 (3)
Humidity
DS1922 (3)
Voltage
DS2450 (3)
Resistance
DS2890 (3)
Multifunction (current, voltage, temperature)
DS2436 (3) DS2437 (3) DS2438 (3) DS2751 (3) DS2755 (3) DS2756 (3) DS2760 (3) DS2770 (3) DS2780 (3) DS2781 (3) DS2788 (3) DS2784 (3)
Counter
DS2423 (3)
LCD Screen
LCD (3) DS2408 (3)
Crypto
DS1977 (3)
Pressure
DS2406 (3) -- TAI8570
AVAILABILITY
http://www.owfs.org
AUTHOR
Paul Alfille (paul.alfille@gmail.com)
OWSERVER Manpage 2004 OWSERVER(1)