is_global_init(9) [centos man page]

IS_GLOBAL_INIT(9)						   Driver Basics						 IS_GLOBAL_INIT(9)

NAME

       is_global_init - check if a task structure is init

SYNOPSIS

       int is_global_init(struct task_struct * tsk);

ARGUMENTS

       tsk
	   Task structure to be checked.

DESCRIPTION

       Check if a task structure is the first user space task the kernel created.

RETURN

       1 if the task structure is init. 0 otherwise.

COPYRIGHT

Kernel Hackers Manual 3.10					     June 2014							 IS_GLOBAL_INIT(9)

GET_USER_PAGES(9)					    Memory Management in Linux						 GET_USER_PAGES(9)

NAME

       get_user_pages - pin user pages in memory

SYNOPSIS

       int get_user_pages(struct task_struct * tsk, struct mm_struct * mm, unsigned long start, int nr_pages, int write, int force,
			  struct page ** pages, struct vm_area_struct ** vmas);

ARGUMENTS

       tsk
	   task_struct of target task

       mm
	   mm_struct of target mm

       start
	   starting user address

       nr_pages
	   number of pages from start to pin

       write
	   whether pages will be written to by the caller

       force
	   whether to force write access even if user mapping is readonly. This will result in the page being COWed even in MAP_SHARED mappings.
	   You do not want this.

       pages
	   array that receives pointers to the pages pinned. Should be at least nr_pages long. Or NULL, if caller only intends to ensure the pages
	   are faulted in.

       vmas
	   array of pointers to vmas corresponding to each page. Or NULL if the caller does not require them.

DESCRIPTION

       Returns number of pages pinned. This may be fewer than the number requested. If nr_pages is 0 or negative, returns 0. If no pages were
       pinned, returns -errno. Each page returned must be released with a put_page call when it is finished with. vmas will only remain valid
       while mmap_sem is held.

       Must be called with mmap_sem held for read or write.

       get_user_pages walks a process's page tables and takes a reference to each struct page that each user address corresponds to at a given
       instant. That is, it takes the page that would be accessed if a user thread accesses the given user virtual address at that instant.

       This does not guarantee that the page exists in the user mappings when get_user_pages returns, and there may even be a completely different
       page there in some cases (eg. if mmapped pagecache has been invalidated and subsequently re faulted). However it does guarantee that the
       page won't be freed completely. And mostly callers simply care that the page contains data that was valid *at some point in time*.
       Typically, an IO or similar operation cannot guarantee anything stronger anyway because locks can't be held over the syscall boundary.

       If write=0, the page must not be written to. If the page is written to, set_page_dirty (or set_page_dirty_lock, as appropriate) must be
       called after the page is finished with, and before put_page is called.

       get_user_pages is typically used for fewer-copy IO operations, to get a handle on the memory by some means other than accesses via the user
       virtual addresses. The pages may be submitted for DMA to devices or accessed via their kernel linear mapping (via the kmap APIs). Care
       should be taken to use the correct cache flushing APIs.

       See also get_user_pages_fast, for performance critical applications.

COPYRIGHT

Kernel Hackers Manual 2.6.					     July 2010							 GET_USER_PAGES(9)