morph(3) [centos man page]
MORPH(3) WordNettm Library Functions MORPH(3) NAME
morphinit, re_morphinit, morphstr, morphword - WordNet morphological processor functions SYNOPSIS
#include "wn.h" int morphinit(void); int re_morphinit(void); char *morphstr(char *origstr, int pos); char *morphword(char *word, int pos); DESCRIPTION
The WordNet morphological processor, Morphy, is accessed through these functions: morphinit() is used to open the exception list files. It returns 0 if successful, -1 otherwise. The exception list files must be opened before morphstr() or morphword( are called. re_morphinit() is used to close the exception list files and reopen them, and is used exclusively for WordNet development. Return codes are as described above. morphstr() is the basic user interface to Morphy. It tries to find the base form (lemma) of the word or collocation origstr in the speci- fied pos. The first call (with origstr specified) returns a pointer to the first base form found. Subsequent calls requesting base forms of the same string must be made with the first argument of NULL. When no more base forms for origstr can be found, NULL is returned. Note that morphstr() returns a pointer to a static character buffer. A subsequent call to morphstr() with a new string (instead of NULL) will overwrite the string pointed to by a previous call. Users should copy the returned string into a local buffer, or use the C library func- tion strdup to duplicate the returned string into a malloc'd buffer. morphword() tries to find the base form of word in the specified pos. This function is called by morphstr() for each individual word in a collocation. Note that morphword() returns a pointer to a static character buffer. A subsequent call to morphword() will overwrite the string pointed to by a previous call. Users should copy the returned string into a local buffer, or use the C library function strdup to duplicate the returned string into a malloc'd buffer. NOTES
morphinit() is called by wninit() and is not intended to be called directly by an application. Applications wishing to use WordNet and/or the morphological functions must call wninit() at the start of the program. See wnutil(3) for more information. origstr may be either a word or a collocation formed by joining individual words with underscore characters (_). Usually only morphstr() is called from applications, as it works on both words and collocations. pos must be one of the following: 1 NOUN 2 VERB 3 ADJECTIVE 4 ADVERB 5 ADJECTIVE_SATELLITE If ADJECTIVE_SATELLITE is passed, it is treated by morphstr() as ADJECTIVE. SEE ALSO
wnintro(3), wnsearch(3), wndb(5), morphy(7). WARNINGS
Passing an invalid part of speech will result in a core dump. The WordNet database files must be open to use morphstr() or morphword(). BUGS
Morphy will allow non-words to be converted to words, if they follow one of the rules described above. For example, it will happily con- vert plantes to plants. WordNet 3.0 Dec 2006 MORPH(3)
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SENSEIDX(5WN) WordNettm File Formats SENSEIDX(5WN) NAME
index.sense, sense.idx - WordNet's sense index DESCRIPTION
The WordNet sense index provides an alternate method for accessing synsets and word senses in the WordNet database. It is useful to appli- cations that retrieve synsets or other information related to a specific sense in WordNet, rather than all the senses of a word or colloca- tion. It can also be used with tools like grep and Perl to find all senses of a word in one or more parts of speech. A specific WordNet sense, encoded as a sense_key, can be used as an index into this file to obtain its WordNet sense number, the database byte offset of the synset containing the sense, and the number of times it has been tagged in the semantic concordance texts. Concatenating the lemma and lex_sense fields of a semantically tagged word (represented in a <wf ... > attribute/value pair) in a semantic concordance file, using % as the concatenation character, creates the sense_key for that sense, which can in turn be used to search the sense index file. A sense_key is the best way to represent a sense in semantic tagging or other systems that refer to WordNet senses. sense_keys are inde- pendent of WordNet sense numbers and synset_offsets, which vary between versions of the database. Using the sense index and a sense_key, the corresponding synset (via the synset_offset) and WordNet sense number can easily be obtained. A mapping from noun sense_keys in Word- Net 1.6 to corresponding 2.0 sense_keys is provided with version 2.0, and is described in sensemap(5WN). See wndb(5WN) for a thorough discussion of the WordNet database files. File Format The sense index file lists all of the senses in the WordNet database with each line representing one sense. The file is in alphabetical order, fields are separated by one space, and each line is terminated with a newline character. Each line is of the form: sense_key synset_offset sense_number tag_cnt sense_key is an encoding of the word sense. Programs can construct a sense key in this format and use it as a binary search key into the sense index file. The format of a sense_key is described below. synset_offset is the byte offset that the synset containing the sense is found at in the database "data" file corresponding to the part of speech encoded in the sense_key. synset_offset is an 8 digit, zero-filled decimal integer, and can be used with fseek(3) to read a synset from the data file. When passed to the WordNet library function read_synset() along with the syntactic category, a data structure contain- ing the parsed synset is returned. sense_number is a decimal integer indicating the sense number of the word, within the part of speech encoded in sense_key, in the WordNet database. See wndb(5WN) for information about how sense numbers are assigned. tag_cnt represents the decimal number of times the sense is tagged in various semantic concordance texts. A tag_cnt of 0 indicates that the sense has not been semantically tagged. Sense Key Encoding A sense_key is represented as: lemma%lex_sense where lex_sense is encoded as: ss_type:lex_filenum:lex_id:head_word:head_id lemma is the ASCII text of the word or collocation as found in the WordNet database index file corresponding to pos. lemma is in lower case, and collocations are formed by joining individual words with an underscore (_) character. ss_type is a one digit decimal integer representing the synset type for the sense. See Synset Type below for a listing of the numbers cor- responding to each synset type. lex_filenum is a two digit decimal integer representing the name of the lexicographer file containing the synset for the sense. See lex- names(5WN) for the list of lexicographer file names and their corresponding numbers. lex_id is a two digit decimal integer that, when appended onto lemma, uniquely identifies a sense within a lexicographer file. lex_id num- bers usually start with 00, and are incremented as additional senses of the word are added to the same file, although there is no require- ment that the numbers be consecutive or begin with 00. Note that a value of 00 is the default, and therefore is not present in lexicogra- pher files. Only non-default lex_id values must be explicitly assigned in lexicographer files. See wninput(5WN) for information on the format of lexicographer files. head_word is only present if the sense is in an adjective satellite synset. It is the lemma of the first word of the satellite's head synset. head_id is a two digit decimal integer that, when appended onto head_word, uniquely identifies the sense of head_word within a lexicogra- pher file, as described for lex_id. There is a value in this field only if head_word is present. Synset Type The synset type is encoded as follows: 1 NOUN 2 VERB 3 ADJECTIVE 4 ADVERB 5 ADJECTIVE SATELLITE NOTES
For non-satellite senses the head_word and head_id fields have no values, however the field separator character (:) is present. ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES (UNIX) WNHOME Base directory for WordNet. Default is /usr/local/WordNet-3.0. WNSEARCHDIR Directory in which the WordNet database has been installed. Default is WNHOME/dict. REGISTRY (WINDOWS) HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESOFTWAREWordNet3.0WNHome Base directory for WordNet. Default is C:Program FilesWordNet3.0. FILES
index.sense sense index SEE ALSO
binsrch(3WN), wnsearch(3WN), lexnames(5WN), wnintro(5WN), sensemap(5WN), wndb(5WN), wninput(5WN). WordNet 3.0 Dec 2006 SENSEIDX(5WN)