last(1) [bsd man page]

LAST(1) 						      General Commands Manual							   LAST(1)

NAME

       last - indicate last logins of users and teletypes

SYNOPSIS

       last [ -f filename ] [ -N ] [ name ...  ] [ tty ...  ]

DESCRIPTION

       Last  will  look  back in the wtmp file which records all logins and logouts for information about a user, a teletype or any group of users
       and teletypes.  Arguments specify names of users or teletypes of interest.  Names of teletypes may be  given  fully  or	abbreviated.   For
       example	`last  0'  is  the same as `last tty0'.  If multiple arguments are given, the information which applies to any of the arguments is
       printed.  For example `last root console' would list all of "root's" sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal.	Last  will
       print  the  sessions of the specified users and teletypes, most recent first, indicating the times at which the session began, the duration
       of the session, and the teletype which the session took place on.  If the session is still continuing or was cut short by a reboot, last so
       indicates.

       The pseudo-user reboot logs in at reboots of the system, thus

	    last reboot

       will give an indication of mean time between reboot.

       Last  with  no arguments prints a record of all logins and logouts, in reverse order.  The -f filename option allows the user to examine an
       alternate wtmp file.  The -N option limits the report to N lines.

       If last is interrupted, it indicates how far the search has progressed in wtmp.	If interrupted with a quit signal  (generated  by  a  con-
       trol-) last indicates how far the search has progressed so far, and the search continues.

FILES

       /usr/adm/wtmp	   login data base
       /usr/adm/shutdownlog	which records shutdowns and reasons for same

SEE ALSO

       wtmp(5), ac(8), lastcomm(1)

AUTHOR

       Howard Katseff

4th Berkeley Distribution					  April 29, 1985							   LAST(1)

last(1) 						      General Commands Manual							   last(1)

NAME

       last, lastb - indicate last logins of users and ttys

SYNOPSIS

       file] [name ...] [tty ...]

       file] [name ...] [tty ...]

DESCRIPTION

       The command searches backwards through the file (which contains a record of all logins and logouts) for information about a user, a tty, or
       any group of users and ttys.  Arguments specify names of users or ttys of interest.  The names of ttys can be given fully  or  abbreviated.
       For example, is the same as If multiple arguments are given, the information that applies to any of the arguments is printed.  For example,
       lists all of sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal.  The command prints the sessions of the specified  users	and  ttys,
       most  recent first, indicating when the session began, the duration of the session, and the tty on which the session took place.  indicates
       if the session is still in progress or if it was cut short by a reboot.

       The pseudo-user logs each time the system reboots.  Thus, is a useful command for evaluating the relative time between system reboots.

       If is interrupted, it indicates how far the search has progressed in If interrupted by a quit signal (generated by a Ctrl-), indicates how
       far the search has progressed, then continues the search.

       The  command  searches  backwards through the database file to display bad login information.  Access to should be restricted to users with
       appropriate privileges (owned by and readable only by because it may contain password information.

   Options
       The and commands recognize the following options and arguments:

	      (none)	If no arguments are specified, prints a record of all logins and logouts in reverse order, most recent first.

	      When used with
			and displays the user's host name as it is stored in the files and respectively.  The host name is displayed  between  the
			tty name and the user's login time.

	      Limits the report to
			number of lines.

	      Use	file as the name of the accounting file instead of or

	      Use	file as the name of the accounting database instead of This option should be used along with the option.

	      Display the fields in long format if this flag is used
			along with the flag.  Without the flag, normal output is displayed.

AUTHOR

       was developed by the University of California, Berkeley and HP.

FILES

       Bad login database
       Login database
       New login database
       New bad login database

SEE ALSO

       login(1), utmp(4), wtmps(4).

																	   last(1)