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I'm planning to learn Unix/Linux as much as possible to be able to expert on Unix system. I have a few questions in regard to Unix system 1. How come they are so many different type of Linux, and do they follow same standard commands in the Unix system? I'm afraid of having so many choices...

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LINUX(4)                                                   BSD Kernel Interfaces Manual                                                   LINUX(4)

NAME

     linux -- Linux ABI support

SYNOPSIS

     To compile support for this ABI into an i386 kernel place the following line in your kernel configuration file:

           options COMPAT_LINUX

     for an amd64 kernel use:

           options COMPAT_LINUX32

     Alternatively, to load the ABI as a module at boot time, place the following line in loader.conf(5):

           linux_load="YES"

DESCRIPTION

     The linux module provides limited Linux ABI (application binary interface) compatibility for userland applications.  The module provides the
     following significant facilities:

     o   An image activator for correctly branded elf(5) executable images

     o   Special signal handling for activated images

     o   Linux to native system call translation

     It is important to note that the Linux ABI support it not provided through an emulator.  Rather, a true (albeit limited) ABI implementation
     is provided.

     The following sysctl(8) tunable variables are available:

     compat.linux.osname       Linux kernel operating system name.

     compat.linux.osrelease    Linux kernel operating system release.  Changing this to something else is discouraged on non-development systems,
                               because it may change the way Linux programs work.  Recent versions of GNU libc are known to use different syscalls
                               depending on the value of this sysctl.

     compat.linux.oss_version  Linux Open Sound System version.

     The linux module can be linked into the kernel statically with the COMPAT_LINUX kernel configuration option or loaded as required.  The fol-
     lowing command will load the module if it is neither linked into the kernel nor already loaded as a module:

           if ! kldstat -v | grep -E 'linux(aout|elf)' > /dev/null; then
                   kldload linux > /dev/null 2>&1
           fi

     Note that dynamically linked Linux executables will require a suitable environment in /compat/linux.  Specifically, the Linux run-time
     linker's hints files should be correctly initialized.  For this reason, it is common to execute the following commands to prepare the system
     to correctly run Linux executables:

           if [ -x /compat/linux/sbin/ldconfig ]; then
                   /compat/linux/sbin/ldconfig -r /compat/linux
           fi

     For information on loading the linux kernel loadable module automatically on system startup, see rc.conf(5).  This information applies
     regardless of whether the linux module is statically linked into the kernel or loaded as a module.

FILES

     /compat/linux       minimal Linux run-time environment
     /compat/linux/proc  limited Linux process file system
     /compat/linux/sys   limited Linux system file system

SEE ALSO

     brandelf(1), elf(5), linprocfs(5), linsysfs(5)

HISTORY

     Linux ABI support first appeared in FreeBSD 2.1.

BSD                                                              February 8, 2010                                                              BSD

BSD

for linux and BSD users interested in Unix system V/bsd

1 More Discussions You Might Find Interesting

1. UNIX and Linux Applications

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