SMBPASSWD(4)						   File Formats and Conventions 					      SMBPASSWD(4)

NAME

       smbpasswd - The Samba encrypted password file

SYNOPSIS

       smbpasswd

DESCRIPTION

       This tool is part of the samba(7) suite.

       smbpasswd is the Samba encrypted password file. It contains the username, Unix user id and the SMB hashed passwords of the user, as well as
       account flag information and the time the password was last changed. This file format has been evolving with Samba and has had several
       different formats in the past.

FILE FORMAT

       The format of the smbpasswd file used by Samba 2.2 is very similar to the familiar Unix passwd(4) file. It is an ASCII file containing one
       line for each user. Each field ithin each line is separated from the next by a colon. Any entry beginning with '#' is ignored. The
       smbpasswd file contains the following information for each user:

       name
	   This is the user name. It must be a name that already exists in the standard UNIX passwd file.

       uid
	   This is the UNIX uid. It must match the uid field for the same user entry in the standard UNIX passwd file. If this does not match then
	   Samba will refuse to recognize this smbpasswd file entry as being valid for a user.

       Lanman Password Hash
	   This is the LANMAN hash of the user's password, encoded as 32 hex digits. The LANMAN hash is created by DES encrypting a well known
	   string with the user's password as the DES key. This is the same password used by Windows 95/98 machines. Note that this password hash
	   is regarded as weak as it is vulnerable to dictionary attacks and if two users choose the same password this entry will be identical
	   (i.e. the password is not "salted" as the UNIX password is). If the user has a null password this field will contain the characters "NO
	   PASSWORD" as the start of the hex string. If the hex string is equal to 32 'X' characters then the user's account is marked as disabled
	   and the user will not be able to log onto the Samba server.

	   WARNING !!  Note that, due to the challenge-response nature of the SMB/CIFS authentication protocol, anyone with a knowledge of this
	   password hash will be able to impersonate the user on the network. For this reason these hashes are known as plain text equivalents and
	   must NOT be made available to anyone but the root user. To protect these passwords the smbpasswd file is placed in a directory with
	   read and traverse access only to the root user and the smbpasswd file itself must be set to be read/write only by root, with no other
	   access.

       NT Password Hash
	   This is the Windows NT hash of the user's password, encoded as 32 hex digits. The Windows NT hash is created by taking the user's
	   password as represented in 16-bit, little-endian UNICODE and then applying the MD4 (internet rfc1321) hashing algorithm to it.

	   This password hash is considered more secure than the LANMAN Password Hash as it preserves the case of the password and uses a much
	   higher quality hashing algorithm. However, it is still the case that if two users choose the same password this entry will be identical
	   (i.e. the password is not "salted" as the UNIX password is).

	   WARNING !!. Note that, due to the challenge-response nature of the SMB/CIFS authentication protocol, anyone with a knowledge of this
	   password hash will be able to impersonate the user on the network. For this reason these hashes are known as plain text equivalents and
	   must NOT be made available to anyone but the root user. To protect these passwords the smbpasswd file is placed in a directory with
	   read and traverse access only to the root user and the smbpasswd file itself must be set to be read/write only by root, with no other
	   access.

       Account Flags
	   This section contains flags that describe the attributes of the users account. This field is bracketed by '[' and ']' characters and is
	   always 13 characters in length (including the '[' and ']' characters). The contents of this field may be any of the following
	   characters:

	   o   U - This means this is a "User" account, i.e. an ordinary user.

	   o   N - This means the account has no password (the passwords in the fields LANMAN Password Hash and NT Password Hash are ignored).
	       Note that this will only allow users to log on with no password if the
		null passwords parameter is set in the smb.conf(4) config file.

	   o   D - This means the account is disabled and no SMB/CIFS logins will be allowed for this user.

	   o   X - This means the password does not expire.

	   o   W - This means this account is a "Workstation Trust" account. This kind of account is used in the Samba PDC code stream to allow
	       Windows NT Workstations and Servers to join a Domain hosted by a Samba PDC.

	   Other flags may be added as the code is extended in future. The rest of this field space is filled in with spaces. For further
	   information regarding the flags that are supported please refer to the man page for the pdbedit command.

       Last Change Time
	   This field consists of the time the account was last modified. It consists of the characters 'LCT-' (standing for "Last Change Time")
	   followed by a numeric encoding of the UNIX time in seconds since the epoch(1970) that the last change was made.

       All other colon separated fields are ignored at this time.

VERSION

       This man page is correct for version 3.0 of the Samba suite.

SEE ALSO

       smbpasswd(1M), Samba(7), and the Internet RFC1321 for details on the MD4 algorithm.

AUTHOR

       The original Samba software and related utilities were created by Andrew Tridgell. Samba is now developed by the Samba Team as an Open
       Source project similar to the way the Linux kernel is developed.

       The original Samba man pages were written by Karl Auer. The man page sources were converted to YODL format (another excellent piece of Open
       Source software, available at ftp://ftp.icce.rug.nl/pub/unix/) and updated for the Samba 2.0 release by Jeremy Allison. The conversion to
       DocBook for Samba 2.2 was done by Gerald Carter. The conversion to DocBook XML 4.2 for Samba 3.0 was done by Alexander Bokovoy.

ATTRIBUTES

       See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:

       +--------------------+----------------------+
       |  ATTRIBUTE TYPE    |	ATTRIBUTE VALUE    |
       +--------------------+----------------------+
       |Availability	    | SUNWsmbar, SUNWsmbau |
       +--------------------+----------------------+
       |Interface Stability | External		   |
       +--------------------+----------------------+
NOTES

       Source for Samba is available on http://opensolaris.org.

       Samba(7) delivers the set of four SMF(5) services as can be seen from the following example:

	    $ svcs samba wins winbind swat
	   STATE	  STIME    FMRI
	   disabled	  Apr_21   svc:/network/samba:default
	   disabled	  Apr_21   svc:/network/winbind:default
	   disabled	  Apr_21   svc:/network/wins:default
	   disabled	  Apr_21   svc:/network/swat:default

       where the services are:

	"samba"
	   runs the smbd daemon managing the CIFS sessions

	"wins"
	   runs the nmbd daemon enabling the browsing (WINS)

	"winbind"
	   runs the winbindd daemon making the domain idmap

	"swat"
	   Samba Web Administration Tool is a service providing access to browser-based Samba administration interface and on-line documentation.
	   The service runs on software loopback network interface on port 901/tcp, i.e. opening "http://localhost:901/" in browser will access
	   the SWAT service on local machine.

       Please note: SWAT uses HTTP Basic Authentication scheme where user name and passwords are sent over the network in clear text. In the SWAT
       case the user name is root. Transferring such sensitive data is advisable only on the software loopback network interface or over secure
       networks.

Samba 3.0							    01/19/2009							      SMBPASSWD(4)