03-15-2019
Speaking strictly as a scientist: python ruby, and julia are extremely important for research and analysis.
GNU supports the environment variable
POSIXLY_CORRECT. This helps a lot when you are porting code back and forth between several platforms. I would suggest that you check it out. Defining it changes behavior to be pretty close to POSIX. Not perfect, IMO.
Linux is effectively inescapable in modern data centers. Even appliances like routers run on embedded Linux. So does your refrigerator ....
GNU.org position on POSIX:
GNU Coding Standards: Non-GNU Standards
Some OSes kind of go off the deep end in attempt to be a sort of "all versions of standards" - which is kind of what you are discussing here.
Solaris is an example:
Compliance with standards in that OS - for a new user or somebody porting an app - can be confusing. You get different versions of
awk,
tr and so on. This depends on which of several possible paths, and their order, ex:
/usr/xpg4/bin versus
/usr/bin, you have set up in
PATH. This can break a lot of things that worked correctly on HP-UX but not Solaris, for example. I spent a lot of time tweaking the PATH variable for different applications and their associated users
XPG4 -
man pages section 5: Standards, Environments, and Macros
Don Cragun here actively works on standards, and definitely will have have some opinions here.
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LEARN ABOUT LINUX
shtool-subst
SHTOOL-SUBST.TMP(1) GNU Portable Shell Tool SHTOOL-SUBST.TMP(1)
NAME
shtool-subst - GNU shtool sed(1) substitution operations
SYNOPSIS
shtool subst [-v|--verbose] [-t|--trace] [-n|--nop] [-w|--warning] [-q|--quiet] [-s|--stealth] [-i|--interactive] [-b|--backup ext]
[-e|--exec cmd] [-f|--file cmd-file] [file] [file ...]
DESCRIPTION
This command applies one or more sed(1) substitution operations to stdin or any number of files.
OPTIONS
The following command line options are available.
-v, --verbose
Display some processing information.
-t, --trace
Enable the output of the essential shell commands which are executed.
-n, --nop
No operation mode. Actual execution of the essential shell commands which would be executed is suppressed.
-w, --warning
Show warning on substitution operation resulting in no content change on every file. The default is to show a warning on substitution
operations resulted in no content change on all files.
-q, --quiet
Suppress warning on substitution operation resulting in no content change.
-s, --stealth
Stealth operation. Preserve timestamp on file.
-i, --interactive
Enter interactive mode where the user has to approve each operation.
-b, --backup ext
Preserve backup of original file using file name extension ext. Default is to overwrite the original file.
-e, --exec cmd
Specify sed(1) command directly.
-f, --file cmd-file
Read sed(1) command from file.
EXAMPLE
# shell script
shtool subst -i -e 's;(c) ([0-9]*)-2000;(c) 1-2001;' *.[ch]
# RPM spec-file
%install
shtool subst -v -n
-e 's;^(prefix=).*;1 $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_prefix};g'
-e 's;^(sysconfdir=).*;1 $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_prefix}/etc;g'
`find . -name Makefile -print`
make install
HISTORY
The GNU shtool subst command was originally written by Ralf S. Engelschall <rse@engelschall.com> in 2001 for GNU shtool. It was prompted
by the need to have a uniform and convenient patching frontend to sed(1) operations in the OpenPKG package specifications.
SEE ALSO
shtool(1), sed(1).
18-Jul-2008 shtool 2.0.8 SHTOOL-SUBST.TMP(1)