I'll try.

When a function is called the argument( parameters) for the function are pushed onto the stack. When C was first developed, memory space, and therefore also available stack space, were limited.

When a function is called it is more efficient to pass as a parameter the address of an object than the whole object. It is also faster. They decided that since arrays could be arbitrarily large, it was better to pass the address of the array.

In a 32 bit environment addresses are 32 bits long. int datatypes are usually 32 bit as well. You are confusing:

1. the address of your array with the physical memory object of the array itself:
The address is 32 bits, each element of the array is 32 bits because they are the
the int datatype.
2. There is nothing in the address of an array or the pointer to the array to tell the
program how big the array object is.
3. Because pointers are 32 bits you can print them just like an integer, using "%d".
Which is wrong. To print a pointer use "%p".
4. sizeof() gives you the number of bytes of a datatype, all 32 bit pointers are 4 bytes.

Code:

void foo(int *arr)
{
    printf("%d ", arr); //WRONG
    printf("%p\n", arr); // correct
    printf("%u %u %u\n", sizeof(arr), sizeof(int *), sizeof(int)); // ALL are the same size
}

int main()
{
    int arr[]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};
    foo(arr);
    printf("size of arr = %u\n", sizeof(arr));
    return 0;
}