Commands Reference, Volume 2, d - h

fuser_Command

  Purpose

   Identifies processes using a file or file structure.

  Syntax

   fuser [ -c | -d | -f ] [ -k | -K { SignalNumber |
   SignalName }] [ -u ] [ -x ] [ -V ]File ...

  Description

   The fuser command lists the process numbers of local processes
that use
   the local or remote files specified by the File parameter. For
block
   special  devices, the command lists the processes that use any
file on that
   device.

   Each process number is followed by a letter indicating how the
process
   uses the file:

   c	   Uses the file as the current directory.
   e	   Uses the file as a program's executable object.
   r	   Uses the file as the root directory.
   s	    Uses  the file as a shared library (or other loadable
object).

   The process numbers are written to standard output in  a  line
with spaces
   between  process  numbers.  A new line character is written to
standard error
   after the last output for each file operand. All other  output
is written
   to standard error.

   The fuser command will not detect processes that have mmap re-
gions where
   that associated file descriptor has since been closed.

  Flags

   -c		     Reports on any open files in the file system
containing
		     File.
		     Implies  the use of the -c and -x flags. Re-
ports on any
		     open files which have been unlinked from the
file system
   -d		      (deleted	from  the parent directory). When
used in
		     conjunction with the -V flag,  it	also  re-
ports the inode
		     number and size of the deleted file.
   -f		     Reports on open instances of File only.
		     Sends  the  specified  signal  to each local
process. Only
   -K SignalNumber | the root user can kill a process of  another
user. Signal
   SignalName	      can  be  specified as either a signal name,
such as -9 or
		     KILL for the SIGKILL  signal.  Valid  values
for SignalName
		     are those which are displayed by the kill -l
command.
		     Sends  the  SIGKILL  signal  to  each  local
process. Only the
		     root  user can kill a process of another us-
er.
   -k		     Note:
		     fuser -k or -K might not be able  to  detect
and kill new
		     processes that are created immediately after
the program
		     starts to run.
   -u		     Provides the login name for local	processes
in
		     parentheses after the process number.
   -V		     Provides verbose output.
		     Used  in  conjunction with -c or -f, reports
on executable
   -x		     and loadable  objects  in	addition  to  the
standard fuser
		     output.

  Examples

    1.	To  list the process numbers of local processes using the
/etc/passwd
       file, enter:

	 fuser /etc/passwd

    2. To list the process numbers and user login names  of  pro-
cesses using
       the /etc/filesystems file, enter:

	 fuser -u /etc/filesystems

    3.	To terminate all of the processes using a given file sys-
tem, enter:

	 fuser -k -x -u -c /dev/hd1

       or

	 fuser -kxuc /home

       Either command lists the process number and user name, and
then
       terminates each process that is using the /dev/hd1 (/home)
file
       system. Only the root user can  terminate  processes  that
belong to
       another	user.  You  might want to use this command if you
are trying to
       unmount the /dev/hd1 file system and a process that is ac-
cessing the
       /dev/hd1 file system prevents this.

    4. To list all processes that are using a file which has been
deleted
       from a given file system, enter:

	 fuser -d /usr

  Files

   /dev/kmem		      Used for the system image.
   /dev/mem		      Also used for the system image.

  Related Information

   The kill command, killall command, mount command, and ps
   command.

   For more information about the identification and  authentica-
tion of users,
   discretionary  access control, the trusted computing base, and
auditing,
   refer to Security.

________________________________________________________________________________

		      Commands Reference, Volume 2, d - h

fuser_Command

  Purpose

   Identifies processes using a file or file structure.

  Syntax

   fuser [ -c | -d | -f ] [ -k | -K { SignalNumber |
   SignalName }] [ -u ] [ -x ] [ -V ]File ...

  Description

   The fuser command lists the process numbers of local processes
that use
   the local or remote files specified by the File parameter. For
block
   special  devices, the command lists the processes that use any
file on that
   device.

   Each process number is followed by a letter indicating how the
process
   uses the file:

   c	   Uses the file as the current directory.
   e	   Uses the file as a program's executable object.
   r	   Uses the file as the root directory.
   s	    Uses  the file as a shared library (or other loadable
object).

   The process numbers are written to standard output in  a  line
with spaces
   between  process  numbers.  A new line character is written to
standard error
   after the last output for each file operand. All other  output
is written
   to standard error.

   The fuser command will not detect processes that have mmap re-
gions where
   that associated file descriptor has since been closed.

  Flags

   -c		     Reports on any open files in the file system
containing
		     File.
		     Implies  the use of the -c and -x flags. Re-
ports on any
		     open files which have been unlinked from the
file system
   -d		      (deleted	from  the parent directory). When
used in
		     conjunction with the -V flag,  it	also  re-
ports the inode
		     number and size of the deleted file.
   -f		     Reports on open instances of File only.
		     Sends  the  specified  signal  to each local
process. Only
   -K SignalNumber | the root user can kill a process of  another
user. Signal
   SignalName	      can  be  specified as either a signal name,
such as -9 or
		     KILL for the SIGKILL  signal.  Valid  values
for SignalName
		     are those which are displayed by the kill -l
command.
		     Sends  the  SIGKILL  signal  to  each  local
process. Only the
		     root  user can kill a process of another us-
er.
   -k		     Note:
		     fuser -k or -K might not be able  to  detect
and kill new
		     processes that are created immediately after
the program
		     starts to run.
   -u		     Provides the login name for local	processes
in
		     parentheses after the process number.
   -V		     Provides verbose output.
		     Used  in  conjunction with -c or -f, reports
on executable
   -x		     and loadable  objects  in	addition  to  the
standard fuser
		     output.

  Examples

    1.	To  list the process numbers of local processes using the
/etc/passwd
       file, enter:

	 fuser /etc/passwd

    2. To list the process numbers and user login names  of  pro-
cesses using
       the /etc/filesystems file, enter:

	 fuser -u /etc/filesystems

    3.	To terminate all of the processes using a given file sys-
tem, enter:

	 fuser -k -x -u -c /dev/hd1

       or

	 fuser -kxuc /home

       Either command lists the process number and user name, and
then
       terminates each process that is using the /dev/hd1 (/home)
file
       system. Only the root user can  terminate  processes  that
belong to
       another	user.  You  might want to use this command if you
are trying to
       unmount the /dev/hd1 file system and a process that is ac-
cessing the
       /dev/hd1 file system prevents this.

    4. To list all processes that are using a file which has been
deleted
       from a given file system, enter:

	 fuser -d /usr

  Files

   /dev/kmem		      Used for the system image.
   /dev/mem		      Also used for the system image.

  Related Information

   The kill command, killall command, mount command, and ps
   command.

   For more information about the identification and  authentica-
tion of users,
   discretionary  access control, the trusted computing base, and
auditing,
   refer to Security.