05-27-2001
The UNIX password encryption algorithm is a 'one way' mathematical function. 'One way' means there is encryption, but no decryption possible. As MIB and 98 say, the only way to search for passwords is to encrypt passwords and compare them to the encrypted string.
This is why picking simple dictionary words as passwords is weak, because password cracking programs use an internal dictionary to encrypt and compare.
One way passwords, BTW, has limited long term usefulness. With computing power and storage prices dropping, there will come a time in the near future when it is possible for people to encrypt all possible combinations (with the salt) and query the database directly with the encrypted string. With an 8 token limitation, this is becoming closer to reality each year.
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