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Old 12-14-2004
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Combination Of commands

Hello All,

I just wanted to know what are the different ways of using commands in combination.

The most common one which i know is using pipes.
Also grouping is also done like ( ls; date) where output of both the commands is displayed.

Are there any other ways of combining various commands and using them on command line or in the scripts.

Thanks,
Rahul
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Old 12-14-2004
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Hi,

The OR (||) and AND (&& ) operators can be used as well:

ls foo && cat foo

cat foo is only executed when ls foo has no errors (in this case, foo must exist)

ls foo || touch foo

touch foo is executes only when ls foo has an error (does not exist in this example)

Hope this helps.
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Old 12-14-2004
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Thanks for that help.

Also if there are any more alternatives, please keep telling me.
If any links regrding this subject are available, please tell me.

I also wnated to know if all the commands can be used for command substitution using back quotes ``.
Are there any commands which cannot be used in substitution.

Thanks,
Rahul
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