accton(8) [ultrix man page]
sa(8) System Manager's Manual sa(8) Name sa, accton - print process accounting statistics Syntax /etc/sa [ options ] [ file ] /etc/accton [ file ] Arguments file With an argument naming an existing file, causes system accounting information for every process executed to be placed at the end of the file. If no argument is given, accounting is turned off. Description The command reports on, cleans up, and generally maintains accounting files. The is able to condense the information in into a summary file which contains a count of the number of times each command was called and the time resources consumed. This condensation is desirable because on a large system can grow by 100 blocks per day. The summary file is normally read before the accounting file, so the reports include all available information. If a file name is given as the last argument, that file will be treated as the accounting file. The file is the default. Output fields are labeled: "cpu" for the sum of user+system time (in cpu seconds), "re" for real time (also in cpu seconds), "k" for cpu- time averaged core usage (in 1k units), "avio" for average number of I/O operations per execution. With options fields labeled "tio" for total I/O operations, "k*sec" for cpu storage integral (kilo-core seconds), "u" and "s" for user and system cpu time alone (both in cpu seconds) will sometimes appear. Options -a List all command names including those containing unprintable characters and those used only once. By default, places all command names containing unprintable characters and those used only once under the name `***other.' -b Sort output by sum of user and system time divided by number of calls. Default sort is by sum of user and system times. -c Besides total user, system, and real time for each command, print percentage of total time over all commands. -d Sort by average number of disk I/O operations. -D Print and sort by total number of disk I/O operations. -f Force no interactive threshold compression with option. -i Do not read in summary file. -j Instead of total minutes for each category, give seconds per call. -k Sort by cpu-time average memory usage. -K Print and sort by cpu-storage integral. -l Separate system and user time; normally they are combined. -m Print number of processes and number of CPU minutes for each user. -n Sort by number of calls. -r Reverse order of sort. -s Merge accounting file into summary file when done. -t For each command, report ratio of real time to the sum of user and system times. If the sum of user and system times is too small to report, `*ignore*' appears in this field. -u Superseding all other flags, print for each command in the accounting file the user ID and command name. -v Followed by a number n, types the name of each command used n times or fewer. Await a reply from the terminal; if it begins with `y', add the command to the category `**junk**.' This is used to strip out garbage. Restrictions Accounting is suspended when there is less than 2% free space on disk. Accounting resumes when free space rises above 4%. Files Raw accounting Summary Per-user summary See Also acct(2), ac(8) sa(8)
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SA(8) System Manager's Manual SA(8) NAME
sa - summarizes accounting information SYNOPSIS
sa [ -a | --list-all-names ] [ -b | --sort-sys-user-div-calls ] [ -c | --percentages ] [ -d | --sort-avio ] [ -D | --sort-tio ] [ -f | --not-interactive ] [ -i | --dont-read-summary-file ] [ -j | --print-seconds ] [ -k | --sort-cpu-avmem ] [ -K | --sort-ksec ] [ -l | --separate-times ] [ -m | --user-summary ] [ -n | --sort-num-calls ] [ -r | --reverse-sort ] [ -s | --merge ] [ -t | --print-ratio ] [ -u | --print-users ] [ -v num | --threshold num ] [ --sort-real-time ] [ --debug ] [ -V | --version ] [ -h | --help ] [ --other-usracct-file filename ] [ --other-savacct-file filename ] [ [ --other-acct-file ] filename ] DESCRIPTION
sa summarizes information about previously executed commands as recorded in the acct file. In addition, it condenses this data into a summary file named savacct which contains the number of times the command was called and the system resources used. The information can also be summarized on a per-user basis; sa will save this information into a file named usracct. If no arguments are specified, sa will print information about all of the commands in the acct file. If called with a file name as the last argument, sa will use that file instead of the system's default acct file. By default, sa will sort the output by sum of user and system time. If command names have unprintable characters, or are only called once, sa will sort them into a group called `***other'. If more than one sorting option is specified, the list will be sorted by the one specified last on the command line. The output fields are labeled as follows: cpu sum of system and user time in cpu seconds re "real time" in cpu seconds k cpu-time averaged core usage, in 1k units avio average number of I/O operations per execution tio total number of I/O operations k*sec cpu storage integral (kilo-core seconds) u user cpu time in cpu seconds s system time in cpu seconds An asterisk will appear after the name of commands that forked but didn't call exec. GNU sa takes care to implement a number of features not found in other versions. For example, most versions of sa don't pay attention to flags like `--print-seconds' and `--sort-num-calls' when printing out commands when combined with the `--user-summary' or `--print-users' flags. GNU sa pays attention to these flags if they are applicable. Also, MIPS' sa stores the average memory use as a short rather than a double, resulting in some round-off errors. GNU sa uses double the whole way through. OPTIONS
-a, --list-all-names Force sa not to sort those command names with unprintable characters and those used only once into the ***other group. -b, --sort-sys-user-div-calls Sort the output by the sum of user and system time divided by the number of calls. -c, --percentages Print percentages of total time for the command's user, system, and real time values. -d, --sort-avio Sort the output by the average number of disk I/O operations. -D, --sort-tio Print and sort the output by the total number of disk I/O operations. -f, --not-interactive When using the `--threshold' option, assume that all answers to interactive queries will be affirmative. -i, --dont-read-summary-file Don't read the information in the system's default savacct file. -j, --print-seconds Instead of printing total minutes for each category, print seconds per call. -k, --sort-cpu-avmem Sort the output by cpu time average memory usage. -K, --sort-ksec Print and sort the output by the cpu-storage integral. -l, --separate-times Print separate columns for system and user time; usually the two are added together and listed as `cpu'. -m, --user-summary Print the number of processes and number of CPU minutes on a per-user basis. -n, --sort-num-calls Sort the output by the number of calls. This is the default sorting method. -r, --reverse-sort Sort output items in reverse order. -s, --merge Merge the summarized accounting data into the summary files savacct and usracct. -t, --print-ratio For each entry, print the ratio of real time to the sum of system and user times. If the sum of system and user times is too small to report--the sum is zero--`*ignore*' will appear in this field. -u, --print-users For each command in the accounting file, print the userid and command name. After printing all entries, quit. *Note*: this flag supersedes all others. -v num --threshold num Print commands which were executed num times or fewer and await a reply from the terminal. If the response begins with `y', add the command to the `**junk**' group. --separate-forks It really doesn't make any sense to me that the stock version of sa separates statistics for a particular executable depending on whether or not that command forked. Therefore, GNU sa lumps this information together unless this option is specified. --debug Print verbose internal information. -V, --version Print the version number of sa. -h, --help Prints the usage string and default locations of system files to standard output and exits. --sort-real-time Sort the output by the "real time" field. --other-usracct-file filename Write summaries by user ID to filename rather than the system's default usracct file. --other-savacct-file filename Write summaries by command name to filename rather than the system's default SAVACCT file. --other-file filename Read from the file filename instead of the system's default ACCT file. FILES
acct The raw system wide process accounting file. See acct(5) (or pacct(5)) for further details. savacct A summary of system process accounting sorted by command. usracct A summary of system process accounting sorted by user ID. BUGS
There is not yet a wide experience base for comparing the output of GNU sa with versions of sa in many other systems. The problem is that the data files grow big in a short time and therefore require a lot of disk space. AUTHOR
The GNU accounting utilities were written by Noel Cragg <noel@gnu.ai.mit.edu>. The man page was adapted from the accounting texinfo page by Susan Kleinmann <sgk@sgk.tiac.net>. SEE ALSO
acct(5), ac(8) 1997 August 19 SA(8)