sd(7D) Devices sd(7D)
NAME
sd - SCSI disk and ATAPI/SCSI CD-ROM device driver
SYNOPSIS
sd@target,lun:partition
DESCRIPTION
SPARC
The sd SCSI and SCSI/ATAPI driver supports embedded SCSI-2 and CCS-compatible SCSI disk and CD-ROM drives, ATAPI 2.6 (SFF-8020i)-compliant
CD-ROM drives, SFF-8090-compliant SCSI/ATAPI DVD-ROM drives, IOMEGA SCSI/ATAPI ZIP drives, SCSI JAZ drives, and USB mass storage devices
(refer to scsa2usb(7D)).
To determine the disk drive type, use the SCSI/ATAPI inquiry command and read the volume label stored on block 0 of the drive. (The volume
label describes the disk geometry and partitioning and must be present for the disk to be mounted by the system.) A volume label is not
required for removable, rewritable or read-only media.
x86 Only
The sd driver supports embedded SCSI-2 and CCS-compatible SCSI disk and CD-ROM drives, ATAPI 2.6 (SFF-8020i)-compliant CD-ROM drives,
SFF-8090-compliant SCSI/ATAPI DVD-ROM drives, IOMEGA SCSI/ATAPI ZIP drives, and SCSI JAZ drives.
The x86 BIOS legacy requires a master boot record (MBR) and fdisk table in the first physical sector of the bootable media. If the x86 hard
disk contains a Solaris disk label, it is located in the second 512-byte sector of the FDISK partition.
DEVICE SPECIAL FILES
Block-files access the disk using normal buffering mechanism and are read-from and written-to without regard to physical disk records. A
"raw" interface enables direct transmission between the disk and the user's read or write buffer. A single read or write call usually
results in a single I/O operation; raw I/O is therefore more efficient when many bytes are transmitted. Block files names are found in
/dev/dsk; raw file names are found in /dev/rdsk.
I/O requests to the raw device must be aligned on a 512-byte (DEV_BSIZE) boundary and all I/O request lengths must be in multiples of 512
bytes. Requests that do not meet these requirements will trigger an EINVAL error. There are no alignment or length restrictions on I/O
requests to the block device.
CD-ROM DRIVE SUPPORT
A CD-ROM disk is single-sided and contains approximately 640 megabytes of data or 74 minutes of audio. When the CD-ROM is opened, the eject
button is disabled to prevent manual removal of the disk until the last close() is called. No volume label is required for a CD-ROM. The
disk geometry and partitioning information are constant and never change. If the CD-ROM contains data recorded in a Solaris-aware file sys-
tem format, it can be mounted using the appropriate Solaris file system support.
DVD-ROM DRIVE SUPPORT
DVD-ROM media can be single or double-sided and can be recorded upon using a single or double layer structure. Double-layer media provides
parallel or opposite track paths. A DVD-ROM can hold from between 4.5 Gbytes and 17 Gbytes of data, depending on the layer structure used
for recording and if the DVD-ROM is single or double-sided.
When the DVD-ROM is opened, the eject button is disabled to prevent the manual removal of a disk until the last close() is called. No vol-
ume label is required for a DVD-ROM. If the DVD-ROM contains data recorded in a Solaris-aware file system format, it can be mounted using
the appropriate Solaris file system support.
ZIP
/JAZ DRIVE SUPPORT
ZIP/JAZ media provide varied data capacity points; a single JAZ drive can store up to 2 GBytes of data, while a ZIP-250 can store up to
250MBytes of data. ZIP/JAZ drives can be read-from or written-to using the appropriate drive.
When a ZIP/JAZ drive is opened, the eject button is disabled to prevent the manual removal of a disk until the last close() is called. No
volume label is required for a ZIP/JAZ drive. If the ZIP/JAZ drive contains data recorded in a Solaris-aware file system format, it can be
mounted using the appropriate Solaris file system support.
DEVICE STATISTICS SUPPORT
Each device maintains I/O statistics for the device and for partitions allocated for that device. For each device/partition, the driver
accumulates reads, writes, bytes read, and bytes written. The driver also initiates hi-resolution time stamps at queue entry and exit
points to enable monitoring of residence time and cumulative residence-length product for each queue.
Not all device drivers make per-partition IO statistics available for reporting. sd and ssd(7D) per-partition statistics are enabled by
default but may disabled in their configuration files.
IOCTLS
Refer to dkio(7I), and cdio(7I)
ERRORS
EACCES Permission denied
EBUSY The partition was opened exclusively by another thread
EFAULT The argument features a bad address
EINVAL Invalid argument
ENOTTY The device does not support the requested ioctl function
ENXIO During opening, the device did not exist. During close, the drive unlock failed
EROFS The device is read-only
EAGAIN Resource temporarily unavailable
EINTR A signal was caught during the execution of the ioctl() function
ENOMEM Insufficient memory
EPERM Insufficent access permission
EIO An I/O error occurred. Refer to notes for details on copy-protected DVD-ROM media.
CONFIGURATION
The sd driver can be configured by defining properties in the sd.conf file. The sd driver supports the following properties:
enable-partition-kstats
The default value is 1, which causes partition IO statistics to be maintained. Set this value to zero to prevent the driver from
recording partition statistics. This slightly reduces the CPU overhead for IO, mimimizes the amount of sar(1) data collected and makes
these statistics unavailable for reporting by iostat(1M) even though the -p/-P option is specified. Regardless of this setting, disk IO
statistics are always maintained.
qfull-retries
The supplied value is passed as the qfull-retries capability value of the HBA driver. See scsi_ifsetcap(9F) for details.
qfull-retry-interval
The supplied value is passed as the qfull-retry interval capability value of the HBA driver. See scsi_ifsetcap(9F) for details.
allow-bus-device-reset
The default value is 1, which allows resetting to occur. Set this value to 0 (zero) to prevent the sd driver from calling
scsi_reset(9F) with a second argument of RESET_TARGET when in error-recovery mode. This scsi_reset(9F) call may prompt the HBA driver
to send a SCSI Bus Device Reset message. The scsi_reset(9F) call with a second argument of RESET_TARGET may result from an explicit
request via the USCSICMD ioctl. Some high-availability multi-initiator systems may wish to prohibit the Bus Device Reset message; to do
this, set the allow-bus-device-reset property to 0.
FILES
/kernel/drv/sd.conf driver configuration file
/dev/dsk/cntndnsn block files
/dev/rdsk/cntndnsn raw files
Where:
cn controller n
tn SCSI target id n (0-6)
dn SCSI LUN n (0-7 normally; some HBAs support LUNs to 15 or 32. See the specific manpage for details)
sn partition n (0-7)
x86 Only
/dev/rdsk/cntndnpn raw files
Where:
pn Where n=0 the node corresponds to the entire disk.
SEE ALSO
sar(1), cfgadm_scsi(1M), fdisk(1M), format(1M), iostat(1M), close(2), ioctl(2), lseek(2), read(2), write(2), driver.conf(4), scsi(4),
filesystem(5), scsa2usb(7D), ssd(7D), hsfs(7FS), pcfs(7FS), udfs(7FS), cdio(7I), dkio(7I), scsi_ifsetcap(9F), scsi_reset(9F)
ANSI Small Computer System Interface-2 (SCSI-2)
ATA Packet Interface for CD-ROMs, SFF-8020i
Mt.Fuji Commands for CD and DVD, SFF8090v3
http://www.sun.com/io
DIAGNOSTICS
Error for Command:'<command name>'
Error Level: Fatal
Requested Block: <n>
Error Block: <m>
Vendor:'<vendorname>'
Serial Number:'<serial number>'
Sense Key:<sense key name>
ASC: 0x<a> (<ASC name>), ASCQ: 0x<b>, FRU: 0x<c>
The command indicated by <command name> failed. The Requested Block is the block where the transfer started and the Error Block is the
block that caused the error. Sense Key, ASC, and ASCQ information is returned by the target in response to a request sense command.
Caddy not inserted in drive
The drive is not ready because no caddy has been inserted.
Check Condition on REQUEST SENSE
A REQUEST SENSE command completed with a check condition. The original command will be retried a number of times.
Label says <m> blocks Drive says <n> blocks
There is a discrepancy between the label and what the drive returned on the READ CAPACITY command.
Not enough sense information
The request sense data was less than expected.
Request Sense couldn't get sense data
The REQUEST SENSE command did not transfer any data.
Reservation Conflict
The drive was reserved by another initiator.
SCSI transport failed: reason 'xxxx': {retrying|giving up}
The host adapter has failed to transport a command to the target for the reason stated. The driver will either retry the command or,
ultimately, give up.
Unhandled Sense Key<n>
The REQUEST SENSE data included an invalid sense.
Unit not ready. Additional sense code 0x
<n> The drive is not ready.
Can't do switch back to mode 1
A failure to switch back to read mode 1.
Corrupt label - bad geometry
The disk label is corrupted.
Corrupt label - label checksum failed
The disk label is corrupted.
Corrupt label - wrong magic number
The disk label is corrupted.
Device busy too long
The drive returned busy during a number of retries.
Disk not responding to selection
The drive is powered down or died
Failed to handle UA
A retry on a Unit Attention condition failed.
I/O to invalid geometry
The geometry of the drive could not be established.
Incomplete read/write - retrying/giving up
There was a residue after the command completed normally.
No bp for direct access device format geometry
A bp with consistent memory could not be allocated.
No bp for disk label
A bp with consistent memory could not be allocated.
No bp for fdisk
A bp with consistent memory could not be allocated.
No bp for rigid disk geometry
A bp with consistent memory could not be allocated.
No mem for property
Free memory pool exhausted.
No memory for direct access device format geometry
Free memory pool exhausted.
No memory for disk label
Free memory pool exhausted.
No memory for rigid disk geometry
The disk label is corrupted.
No resources for dumping
A packet could not be allocated during dumping.
Offline
Drive went offline; probably powered down.
Requeue of command fails
Driver attempted to retry a command and experienced a transport error.
sdrestart transport failed()
Driver attempted to retry a command and experienced a transport error.
Transfer length not modulo
Illegal request size.
Transport of request sense fails()
Driver attempted to submit a request sense command and failed.
Transport rejected()
Host adapter driver was unable to accept a command.
Unable to read label
Failure to read disk label.
Unit does not respond to selection
Drive went offline; probably powered down.
NOTES
DVD-ROM media containing DVD-Video data may follow/adhere to the requirements of content scrambling system or copy protection scheme. Read-
ing of copy-protected sector will cause I/O error. Users are advised to use the appropriate playback software to view video contents on
DVD-ROM media containing DVD-Video data.
SunOS 5.10 28 Dec 2001 sd(7D)