PERLTOC(1) Perl Programmers Reference Guide PERLTOC(1)
NAME
perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
DESCRIPTION
This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
BASIC DOCUMENTATION
perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
SYNOPSIS
Overview
Tutorials
Reference Manual
Internals and C Language Interface
Miscellaneous
Language-Specific
Platform-Specific
DESCRIPTION
AVAILABILITY
ENVIRONMENT
AUTHOR
FILES
SEE ALSO
DIAGNOSTICS
BUGS
NOTES
perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
DESCRIPTION
What is Perl?
Running Perl programs
Basic syntax overview
Perl variable types
Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
Variable scoping
Conditional and looping constructs
if, while, for, foreach
Builtin operators and functions
Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic, Miscellaneous
Files and I/O
Regular expressions
Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions, Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
Writing subroutines
OO Perl
Using Perl modules
AUTHOR
perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2002/03/11 21:32:23 $)
DESCRIPTION
perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
perlfaq1: General Questions About Perl
perlfaq2: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
perlfaq3: Programming Tools
perlfaq4: Data Manipulation
perlfaq5: Files and Formats
perlfaq6: Regular Expressions
perlfaq7: General Perl Language Issues
perlfaq8: System Interaction
perlfaq9: Networking
About the perlfaq documents
Where to get the perlfaq
How to contribute to the perlfaq
What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the authors
Credits
Author and Copyright Information
Bundled Distributions
Disclaimer
Changes
1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98, 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Ver-
sion, Initial Release: 11/March/97
perlbook - Perl book information
DESCRIPTION
perlsyn - Perl syntax
DESCRIPTION
Declarations
Simple statements
Compound statements
Loop Control
For Loops
Foreach Loops
Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
Goto
PODs: Embedded Documentation
Plain Old Comments (Not!)
perldata - Perl data types
DESCRIPTION
Variable names
Context
Scalar values
Scalar value constructors
List value constructors
Slices
Typeglobs and Filehandles
SEE ALSO
perlop - Perl operators and precedence
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
The Arrow Operator
Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
Exponentiation
Symbolic Unary Operators
Binding Operators
Multiplicative Operators
Additive Operators
Shift Operators
Named Unary Operators
Relational Operators
Equality Operators
Bitwise And
Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
C-style Logical And
C-style Logical Or
Range Operators
Conditional Operator
Assignment Operators
Comma Operator
List Operators (Rightward)
Logical Not
Logical And
Logical or and Exclusive Or
C Operators Missing From Perl
unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
Quote and Quote-like Operators
Regexp Quote-Like Operators
?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, 'STRING', qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`,
qw/STRING/, s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation, "<<'EOF'", "m''", "s'''", "tr///", "y///", '', "q//", "",
``, "qq//", "qx//", "<file*glob>", "?RE?", "/RE/", "m/RE/", "s/RE/foo/",, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
regular expressions
I/O Operators
Constant Folding
Bitwise String Operators
Integer Arithmetic
Floating-point Arithmetic
Bigger Numbers
perlsub - Perl subroutines
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Private Variables via my()
Persistent Private Variables
Temporary Values via local()
Lvalue subroutines
Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
When to Still Use local()
Pass by Reference
Prototypes
Constant Functions
Overriding Built-in Functions
Autoloading
Subroutine Attributes
SEE ALSO
perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
DESCRIPTION
Perl Functions by Category
Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Func-
tions for list data, Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed length data or records, Functions
for filehandles, files, or directories, Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related to scoping,
Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes
and object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess communication functions, Fetching user and group info,
Fetching network info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted in perl5
Portability
Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
-X FILEHANDLE, -X EXPR, -X, abs VALUE, abs, accept NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, bin-
mode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp
VARIABLE, chomp( LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close
FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH,
dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp,
fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHAN-
DLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname
NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getpro-
toent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endp-
went, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR,
glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUB-
STR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last
LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR,
localtime EXPR, lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILE-
NAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my TYPE EXPR, my EXPR :
ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct EXPR, oct,
open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE,
opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR : ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, pack-
age NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print,
printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/,
qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHAN-
DLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo
LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return,
reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek
FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEM-
NUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpri-
ority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep EXPR, sleep, socket
SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice
ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PAT-
TERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, format parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, precision,
or maximum width, size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR,
study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFF-
SET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHAN-
DLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHAN-
DLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET,
syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASS-
NAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst,
umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module
VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait,
waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
DESCRIPTION
Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
The Solution
Syntax
Making References
Using References
An Example
Arrow Rule
Solution
The Rest
Summary
Credits
Distribution Conditions
perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
DESCRIPTION
arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, more elaborate constructs
REFERENCES
COMMON MISTAKES
CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS "use strict"
DEBUGGING
CODE EXAMPLES
ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
HASHES OF ARRAYS
Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
ARRAYS OF HASHES
Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
HASHES OF HASHES
Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
Database Ties
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
DESCRIPTION
The Guide
Simple word matching
Using character classes
Matching this or that
Grouping things and hierarchical matching
Extracting matches
Matching repetitions
More matching
Search and replace
The split operator
BUGS
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
Acknowledgments
perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
DESCRIPTION
Ordinary Paragraph
Verbatim Paragraph
Command Paragraph
"=head1 Heading Text", "=head2 Heading Text", "=head3 Heading Text", "=head4 Heading Text", "=over indentlevel", "=item stuff...",
"=back", "=cut", "=pod", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."
Formatting Codes
"I<text>" -- italic text, "B<text>" -- bold text, "C<code>" -- code text, "L<name>" -- a hyperlink, "E<escape>" -- a character
escape, "F<filename>" -- used for filenames, "S<text>" -- text contains non-breaking spaces, "X<topic name>" -- an index entry,
"Z<>" -- a null (zero-effect) formatting code
The Intent
Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
Hints for Writing Pod
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and notes
DESCRIPTION
Pod Definitions
Pod Commands
"=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item", "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for for-
matname text..."
Pod Formatting Codes
"I<text>" -- italic text, "B<text>" -- bold text, "C<code>" -- code text, "F<filename>" -- style for filenames, "X<topic name>" -- an
index entry, "Z<>" -- a null (zero-effect) formatting code, "L<name>" -- a hyperlink, "E<escape>" -- a character escape, "S<text>" --
text contains non-breaking spaces
Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
About L<...> Codes
First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
About =over...=back Regions
About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
perlstyle - Perl style guide
DESCRIPTION
perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
DESCRIPTION
Awk Traps
C Traps
Sed Traps
Shell Traps
Perl Traps
Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar,
list contexts, Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM
Traps, Unclassified Traps
Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Bug-
Fix, Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
Parsing Traps
Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
Numerical Traps
Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
General data type traps
(Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
(list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
Precedence Traps
Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence
General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
Expression, Regular Expression
Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
(Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
OS Traps
(SysV), (SysV)
Interpolation Traps
Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpola-
tion
DBM Traps
DBM, DBM
Unclassified Traps
"require"/"do" trap using returned value, "split" on empty string with LIMIT specified
perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
#! and quoting on non-Unix systems
OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
Location of Perl
Command Switches
-0[digits], -a, -C, -c, -d, -d:foo[=bar,baz], -Dletters, -Dnumber, -e commandline, -Fpattern, -h, -i[extension], -Idirectory,
-l[octnum], -m[-]module, -M[-]module, -M[-]'module ...', -[mM][-]module=arg[,arg]..., -n, -p, -P, -s, -S, -t, -T, -u, -U, -v, -V,
-V:name, -w, -W, -X, -x directory
ENVIRONMENT
HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap, :perlio, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERL-
LIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to
the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
DESCRIPTION
perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
DESCRIPTION
Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
What's wrong with -w and $^W
Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
-w, -W, -X
Backward Compatibility
Category Hierarchy
Fatal Warnings
Reporting Warnings from a Module
TODO
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
DESCRIPTION
use strict
Looking at data and -w and v
help
Stepping through code
Placeholder for a, w, t, T
REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
OUTPUT TIPS
CGI
GUIs
SUMMARY
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
CONTRIBUTORS
perldebug - Perl debugging
DESCRIPTION
The Perl Debugger
Debugger Commands
h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c
[line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t
expr, b, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, B line, B
*, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [ command ],
<< command, > ?, > command, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source file, H
-number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man [manpage]
Configurable Options
"recallCommand", "ShellBang", "pager", "tkRunning", "signalLevel", "warnLevel", "dieLevel", "AutoTrace", "LineInfo",
"inhibit_exit", "PrintRet", "ornaments", "frame", "maxTraceLen", "windowSize", "arrayDepth", "hashDepth", "dumpDepth", "compact-
Dump", "veryCompact", "globPrint", "DumpDBFiles", "DumpPackages", "DumpReused", "quote", "HighBit", "undefPrint", "UsageOnly",
"TTY", "noTTY", "ReadLine", "NonStop"
Debugger input/output
Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame listing
Debugging compile-time statements
Debugger Customization
Readline Support
Editor Support for Debugging
The Perl Profiler
Debugging regular expressions
Debugging memory usage
SEE ALSO
BUGS
perlvar - Perl predefined variables
DESCRIPTION
Predefined Names
$ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<digits>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTI-
LINE_MATCHING, $*, HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR),
$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUT-
PUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $",
$SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, HANDLE->for-
mat_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
@-, $` is the same as "substr($var, 0, $-[0])", $& is the same as "substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])", $' is the same as "sub-
str($var, $+[0])", $1 is the same as "substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])", $2 is the same as "substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])",
$3 is the same as "substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])", HANDLE->format_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR),
$FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed
EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING}, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
$EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFEC-
TIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H,
$INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x100, 0x200,
$LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W,
${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr},
%SIG, $SIG{expr}
Error Indicators
Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
BUGS
perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
DESCRIPTION
Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
Growing Your Own
Access and Printing
Slices
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
DESCRIPTION
Open A la shell
Simple Opens
Pipe Opens
The Minus File
Mixing Reads and Writes
Filters
Open A la C
Permissions A la mode
Obscure Open Tricks
Re-Opening Files (dups)
Dispelling the Dweomer
Paths as Opens
Single Argument Open
Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
Other I/O Issues
Opening Non-File Files
Binary Files
File Locking
IO Layers
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
HISTORY
perlpacktut - tutorial on "pack" and "unpack"
DESCRIPTION
The Basic Principle
Packing Text
Packing Numbers
Integers
Unpacking a Stack Frame
How to Eat an Egg on a Net
Floating point Numbers
Exotic Templates
Bit Strings
Uuencoding
Doing Sums
Unicode
Another Portable Binary Encoding
Lengths and Widths
String Lengths
Dynamic Templates
Packing and Unpacking C Structures
The Alignment Pit
Alignment, Take 2
Alignment, Take 3
Pointers for How to Use Them
Pack Recipes
Funnies Section
Authors
perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
DESCRIPTION
Part 1: The basics
Simple word matching
Using character classes
Matching this or that
Grouping things and hierarchical matching
Extracting matches
Matching repetitions
Building a regexp
Using regular expressions in Perl
Part 2: Power tools
More on characters, strings, and character classes
Compiling and saving regular expressions
Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
Non-capturing groupings
Looking ahead and looking behind
Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
Conditional expressions
A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
Pragmas and debugging
BUGS
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
Acknowledgments
perlre - Perl regular expressions
DESCRIPTION
i, m, s, x
Regular Expressions
[1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
Extended Patterns
"(?#text)", "(?imsx-imsx)", "(?:pattern)", "(?imsx-imsx:pattern)", "(?=pattern)", "(?!pattern)", "(?<=pattern)", "(?<!pattern)",
"(?{ code })", "(??{ code })", "(?>pattern)", "(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)", "(?(condition)yes-pattern)"
Backtracking
Version 8 Regular Expressions
Warning on 1 vs $1
Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
Combining pieces together
"ST", "S|T", "S{REPEAT_COUNT}", "S{min,max}", "S{min,max}?", "S?", "S*", "S+", "S??", "S*?", "S+?", "(?>S)", "(?=S)", "(?<=S)",
"(?!S)", "(?<!S)", "(??{ EXPR })", "(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)"
Creating custom RE engines
BUGS
SEE ALSO
perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
NOTE
DESCRIPTION
Making References
Using References
Symbolic references
Not-so-symbolic references
Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
Function Templates
WARNING
SEE ALSO
perlform - Perl formats
DESCRIPTION
Format Variables
NOTES
Footers
Accessing Formatting Internals
WARNINGS
perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
DESCRIPTION
If we could talk to the animals...
Introducing the method invocation arrow
Invoking a barnyard
The extra parameter of method invocation
Calling a second method to simplify things
Inheriting the windpipes
A few notes about @ISA
Overriding the methods
Starting the search from a different place
The SUPER way of doing things
Where we're at so far...
A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
Invoking an instance method
Accessing the instance data
How to build a horse
Inheriting the constructor
Making a method work with either classes or instances
Adding parameters to a method
More interesting instances
A horse of a different color
Summary
SEE ALSO
COPYRIGHT
perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
DESCRIPTION
Creating a Class
Object Representation
Class Interface
Constructors and Instance Methods
Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
Destructors
Other Object Methods
Class Data
Accessing Class Data
Debugging Methods
Class Destructors
Documenting the Interface
Aggregation
Inheritance
Overridden Methods
Multiple Inheritance
UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
Alternate Object Representations
Arrays as Objects
Closures as Objects
AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
Autoloaded Data Methods
Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
Metaclassical Tools
Class::Struct
Data Members as Variables
NOTES
Object Terminology
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
COPYRIGHT
Acknowledgments
perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
DESCRIPTION
Class Data in a Can
Class Data as Package Variables
Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
Inheritance Concerns
The Eponymous Meta-Object
Indirect References to Class Data
Monadic Classes
Translucent Attributes
Class Data as Lexical Variables
Privacy and Responsibility
File-Scoped Lexicals
More Inheritance Concerns
Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
Translucency Revisited
NOTES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
HISTORY
perlobj - Perl objects
DESCRIPTION
An Object is Simply a Reference
A Class is Simply a Package
A Method is Simply a Subroutine
Method Invocation
Indirect Object Syntax
Default UNIVERSAL methods
isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
Destructors
Summary
Two-Phased Garbage Collection
SEE ALSO
perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
DESCRIPTION
OO SCALING TIPS
INSTANCE VARIABLES
SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
THINKING OF CODE REUSE
CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
DELEGATION
perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Tying Scalars
TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
Tying Arrays
TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count,
EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset,
length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
Tying Hashes
USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS
this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
Tying FileHandles
TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE
this, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
UNTIE this
The "untie" Gotcha
SEE ALSO
BUGS
AUTHOR
perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
DESCRIPTION
Signals
Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
Named Pipes
Deferred Signals
Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Signals as "faults", Signals triggered by operating system state
Using open() for IPC
Filehandles
Background Processes
Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
Safe Pipe Opens
Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
Sockets: Client/Server Communication
Internet Line Terminators
Internet TCP Clients and Servers
Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
TCP Clients with IO::Socket
A Simple Client
"Proto", "PeerAddr", "PeerPort"
A Webget Client
Interactive Client with IO::Socket
TCP Servers with IO::Socket
Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
UDP: Message Passing
SysV IPC
NOTES
BUGS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
$$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open
handles to files, directories and network sockets
Resource limits
Killing the parent process
Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented, Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in
larger application, Thread-safety of extensions
BUGS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Storing numbers
Numeric operators and numeric conversions
Flavors of Perl numeric operations
Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during "use integer", Other mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators
during "use integer", Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a string
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
DESCRIPTION
Status
What Is A Thread Anyway?
Threaded Program Models
Boss/Worker
Work Crew
Pipeline
Native threads
What kind of threads are Perl threads?
Thread-Safe Modules
Thread Basics
Basic Thread Support
A Note about the Examples
Creating Threads
Giving up control
Waiting For A Thread To Exit
Ignoring A Thread
Threads And Data
Shared And Unshared Data
Thread Pitfalls: Races
Synchronization and control
Controlling access: lock()
A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
Queues: Passing Data Around
Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
Basic semaphores
Advanced Semaphores
cond_wait() and cond_signal()
General Thread Utility Routines
What Thread Am I In?
Thread IDs
Are These Threads The Same?
What Threads Are Running?
A Complete Example
Performance considerations
Process-scope Changes
Thread-Safety of System Libraries
Conclusion
Bibliography
Introductory Texts
OS-Related References
Other References
Acknowledgements
AUTHOR
Copyrights
perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
DESCRIPTION
What Is A Thread Anyway?
Threaded Program Models
Boss/Worker
Work Crew
Pipeline
Native threads
What kind of threads are perl threads?
Threadsafe Modules
Thread Basics
Basic Thread Support
Creating Threads
Giving up control
Waiting For A Thread To Exit
Errors In Threads
Ignoring A Thread
Threads And Data
Shared And Unshared Data
Thread Pitfall: Races
Controlling access: lock()
Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
Queues: Passing Data Around
Threads And Code
Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
Subroutine Locks
Methods
Locking A Subroutine
General Thread Utility Routines
What Thread Am I In?
Thread IDs
Are These Threads The Same?
What Threads Are Running?
A Complete Example
Conclusion
Bibliography
Introductory Texts
OS-Related References
Other References
Acknowledgements
AUTHOR
Copyrights
perlport - Writing portable Perl
DESCRIPTION
Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already is portable
ISSUES
Newlines
Numbers endianness and Width
Files and Filesystems
System Interaction
Command names versus file pathnames
Interprocess Communication (IPC)
External Subroutines (XS)
Standard Modules
Time and Date
Character sets and character encoding
Internationalisation
System Resources
Security
Style
CPAN Testers
Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results: http://testers.cpan.org/
PLATFORMS
Unix
DOS and Derivatives
Mac OS
VMS
VOS
EBCDIC Platforms
Acorn RISC OS
Other perls
FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
-X FILEHANDLE, -X EXPR, -X, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt PLAIN-
TEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME,
getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN,
endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILE-
HANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget
KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE,
readlink EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING,
setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG,
shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET, socketpair
SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHAN-
DLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, wait,
waitpid PID,FLAGS
CHANGES
v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May
1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 Decem-
ber 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23,
10 July 1998
Supported Platforms
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and localization)
DESCRIPTION
PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
USING LOCALES
The use locale pragma
The setlocale function
Finding locales
LOCALE PROBLEMS
Temporarily fixing locale problems
Permanently fixing locale problems
Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
Fixing system locale configuration
The localeconv function
I18N::Langinfo
LOCALE CATEGORIES
Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
LC_TIME
Other categories
SECURITY
ENVIRONMENT
PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
NOTES
Backward compatibility
I18N:Collate obsolete
Sort speed and memory use impacts
write() and LC_NUMERIC
Freely available locale definitions
I18n and l10n
An imperfect standard
Unicode and UTF-8
BUGS
Broken systems
SEE ALSO
HISTORY
perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
DESCRIPTION
Unicode
Perl's Unicode Support
Perl's Unicode Model
Unicode and EBCDIC
Creating Unicode
Handling Unicode
Legacy Encodings
Unicode I/O
Displaying Unicode As Text
Special Cases
Advanced Topics
Miscellaneous
Questions With Answers
Hexadecimal Notation
Further Resources
UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
SEE ALSO
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
DESCRIPTION
Important Caveats
Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, "use utf8" still needed to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
Byte and Character Semantics
Effects of Character Semantics
Scripts
Blocks
User-Defined Character Properties
Character Encodings for Input and Output
Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
Unicode Encodings
Security Implications of Unicode
Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
Locales
Using Unicode in XS
BUGS
Interaction with Locales
Interaction with Extensions
Speed
SEE ALSO
perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
DESCRIPTION
COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
ASCII
ISO 8859
Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
EBCDIC
13 variant characters
0037
1047
POSIX-BC
Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
Unicode and UTF
Using Encode
SINGLE OCTET TABLES
recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
CONVERSIONS
tr///
iconv
C RTL
OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
SOCKETS
SORTING
Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
MONO CASE then sort data.
Convert, sort data, then re convert.
Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
URL decoding and encoding
uu encoding and decoding
Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
Caesarian ciphers
Hashing order and checksums
I18N AND L10N
MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
OS ISSUES
OS/400
IFS access
OS/390, z/OS
chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
VM/ESA?
POSIX-BC?
BUGS
SEE ALSO
REFERENCES
HISTORY
AUTHOR
perlsec - Perl security
DESCRIPTION
Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
Switches On the "#!" Line
Cleaning Up Your Path
Security Bugs
Protecting Your Programs
Unicode
SEE ALSO
perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
DESCRIPTION
Packages
Symbol Tables
Package Constructors and Destructors
Perl Classes
Perl Modules
Making your module threadsafe
SEE ALSO
perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
DESCRIPTION
PREAMBLE
DECOMPRESS the file, UNPACK the file into a directory, BUILD the module (sometimes unnecessary), INSTALL the module
PORTABILITY
HEY
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
DESCRIPTION
THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
Pragmatic Modules
attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding, fields,
filetest, if, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings,
warnings::register
Standard Modules
AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Con-
cise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader,
CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime,
CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle, Dump-
value, Encode, English, Env, Errno, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant, ExtU-
tils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtU-
tils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS, ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkboot-
strap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare,
File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHan-
dle, Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO,
IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Make-
text::TPJ13, Locale::Script, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize,
Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File, Memo-
ize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, Net::Ping,
Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO,
PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man,
Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike,
Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch, Symbol,
Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::Harness::Assert, Test::Har-
ness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps, Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords,
Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash,
Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Uni-
code::Collate, Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
Extension Modules
CPAN
Africa
South Africa
Asia
China, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thai-
land
Central America
Costa Rica
Europe
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom
North America
Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, Mexico
United States
Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, New
Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, ashington, Wisconsin
Oceania
Australia, New Zealand
South America
Argentina, Brazil, Chile
RSYNC Mirrors
Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
Guidelines for Module Creation
Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
NOTE
perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
INTRODUCTION
QUICK CHECKLIST
Before you start
The API
Stability
Documentation
Release considerations
BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
Has it been done before?
Do one thing and do it well
What's in a name?
DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
To OO or not to OO?
Designing your API
Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming con-
ventions, Parameter passing
Strictness and warnings
Backwards compatibility
Error handling and messages
DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
POD
README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
Version numbering
Pre-requisites
Testing
Packaging
Licensing
COMMON PITFALLS
Reinventing the wheel
Trying to do too much
Inappropriate documentation
SEE ALSO
perlstyle, perlnewmod, perlpod, podchecker, Testing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering
AUTHOR
perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
DESCRIPTION
Warning
What should I make into a module?
Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
Step-by-step: Making the module
Start with h2xs, Use strict and warnings, Use Carp, Use Exporter - wisely!, Use plain old documentation, Write tests, Write the
README
Step-by-step: Distributing your module
Get a CPAN user ID, "perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist", Upload the tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa,
Fix bugs!
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: 2002/04/07 18:46:13 $)
DESCRIPTION
What is Perl?
Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
Which version of Perl should I use?
What are perl4 and perl5?
What is perl6?
How stable is Perl?
Is Perl difficult to learn?
How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl?
Can I do [task] in Perl?
When shouldn't I program in Perl?
What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
What is a JAPH?
Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.13 $, $Date: 2002/04/26 16:56:35 $)
DESCRIPTION
What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
How can I get a binary version of Perl?
I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts don't work.
I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean?
Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
Where can I get information on Perl?
What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
Where should I post source code?
Perl Books
References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
Perl in Magazines
Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
What mailing lists are there for Perl?
Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
Where do I send bug reports?
What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 2002/05/06 13:11:13 $)
DESCRIPTION
How do I do (anything)?
How can I use Perl interactively?
Is there a Perl shell?
How do I debug my Perl programs?
How do I profile my Perl programs?
How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
Is there a ctags for Perl?
Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl, CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis,
Vile, Vim, Codewright, MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
How can I use curses with Perl?
How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
How can I make my Perl program run faster?
How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to
disk
Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
How can I compile Perl into Java?
How can I get "#!perl" to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
Where can I learn about CGI or Web Development in Perl?
Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in my C program; what am I doing wrong?
When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
What's MakeMaker?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.25 $, $Date: 2002/05/30 07:04:25 $)
DESCRIPTION
Data: Numbers
Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? Trig functions?
How do I convert between numeric representations?
How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal,
How do I convert from decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert from decimal to binary
Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
How do I multiply matrices?
How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
How can I output Roman numerals?
Why aren't my random numbers random?
How do I get a random number between X and Y?
Data: Dates
How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
How do I find the current century or millennium?
How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
How can I find the Julian Day?
How do I find yesterday's date?
Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
Data: Strings
How do I validate input?
How do I unescape a string?
How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
How do I expand function calls in a string?
How do I find matching/nesting anything?
How do I reverse a string?
How do I expand tabs in a string?
How do I reformat a paragraph?
How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string?
How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside [character]? (Comma-separated files)
How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
How do I extract selected columns from a string?
How do I find the soundex value of a string?
How can I expand variables in text strings?
What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any
space in front of the tag
Data: Arrays
What is the difference between a list and an array?
What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
a), b), c), d), e)
How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or array?
How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the intersection of two arrays?
How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
How do I handle linked lists?
How do I handle circular lists?
How do I shuffle an array randomly?
How do I process/modify each element of an array?
How do I select a random element from an array?
How do I permute N elements of a list?
How do I sort an array by (anything)?
How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
How do I process an entire hash?
What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over it?
How do I look up a hash element by value?
How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
How can I always keep my hash sorted?
What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create it?
How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or array of hashes or arrays?
How can I use a reference as a hash key?
Data: Misc
How do I handle binary data correctly?
How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
How do I define methods for every class/object?
How do I verify a credit card checksum?
How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.18 $, $Date: 2002/05/30 07:04:25 $)
DESCRIPTION
How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
How do I count the number of lines in a file?
How do I make a temporary file name?
How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehan-
dles?
How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
How can I write() into a string?
How can I output my numbers with commas added?
How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
How can I reliably rename a file?
How can I lock a file?
Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this?
All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a file. Do I still have to use locking?
How do I randomly update a binary file?
How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
How do I print to more than one file at once?
How can I read in an entire file all at once?
How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
How do I do a "tail -f" in perl?
How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
How do I close a file descriptor by number?
Why can't I use "C: empfoo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't `C: empfoo.exe` work?
Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does "-i" clobber protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
How do I select a random line from a file?
Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date: 2002/06/01 22:31:09 $)
DESCRIPTION
How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible and unmaintainable code?
Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on different lines?
I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving case on the RHS?
How can I make "w" match national character sets?
How can I match a locale-smart version of "/[a-zA-Z]/"?
How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
What is "/o" really for?
How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a file?
Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
How do I process each word on each line?
How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
How can I do approximate matching?
How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
Why don't word-boundary searches with "" work for me?
Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
What good is "G" in a regular expression?
Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: 2002/03/26 15:48:32 $)
DESCRIPTION
Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to use them?
Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and commas?
How do I skip some return values?
How do I temporarily block warnings?
What's an extension?
Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
How do I declare/create a structure?
How do I create a module?
How do I create a class?
How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
What's a closure?
What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, Regex}?
Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes, Passing Methods
How do I create a static variable?
What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between local() and my()?
How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical is in scope?
What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
How do I create a switch or case statement?
How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
How can I find out my current package?
How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
How do I clear a package?
How can I use a variable as a variable name?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: 2002/05/16 12:41:42 $)
DESCRIPTION
How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
How come exec() doesn't return?
How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
How do I print something out in color?
How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
How do I clear the screen?
How do I get the screen size?
How do I ask the user for a password?
How do I read and write the serial port?
lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
How do I decode encrypted password files?
How do I start a process in the background?
STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
How do I trap control characters/signals?
How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
How do I set the time and date?
How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
How can I measure time under a second?
How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
How can I call backticks without shell processing?
Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?
How can I convert my shell script to perl?
Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
How can I write expect in Perl?
Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as "ps"?
I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I
get my changes to be visible?
Unix
How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to complete?
How do I fork a daemon process?
How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
How do I timeout a slow event?
How do I set CPU limits?
How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
How do I use an SQL database?
How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
How do I open a file without blocking?
How do I install a module from CPAN?
What's the difference between require and use?
How do I keep my own module/library directory?
How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library search path?
How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.9 $, $Date: 2002/04/07 18:46:13 $)
DESCRIPTION
What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500 Server Error)
How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
How do I remove HTML from a string?
How do I extract URLs?
How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a file on another machine?
How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
How do I fetch an HTML file?
How do I automate an HTML form submission?
How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
How do I redirect to another page?
How do I put a password on my web pages?
How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things?
How do I parse a mail header?
How do I decode a CGI form?
How do I check a valid mail address?
How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
How do I return the user's mail address?
How do I send mail?
How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
How do I read mail?
How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
How can I do RPC in Perl?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
DESCRIPTION
Layout
B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
Using The Back Ends
The Cross Referencing Back End
i, &, s, r
The Decompiling Back End
The Lint Back End
The Simple C Back End
The Bytecode Back End
The Optimized C Back End
Module List for the Compiler Suite
B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint,
B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
KNOWN PROBLEMS
AUTHOR
perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
DESCRIPTION
PREAMBLE
Use C from Perl?, Use a Unix program from Perl?, Use Perl from Perl?, Use C from C?, Use Perl from C?
ROADMAP
Compiling your C program
Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
Maintaining a persistent interpreter
Execution of END blocks
Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C program
Embedding Perl under Win32
MORAL
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
DESCRIPTION
Debugger Internals
Writing Your Own Debugger
Frame Listing Output Examples
Debugging regular expressions
Compile-time output
"anchored" STRING "at" POS, "floating" STRING "at" POS1..POS2, "matching floating/anchored", "minlen", "stclass" TYPE, "noscan",
"isall", "GPOS", "plus", "implicit", "with eval", "anchored(TYPE)"
Types of nodes
Run-time output
Debugging Perl memory usage
Using $ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}
"buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)", Free/Used, "Total sbrk(): SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS", "pad: 0", "heads: 2192", "chain:
0", "tail: 6144"
Example of using -DL switch
717, 002, 054, 602, 702, 704
-DL details
"!!!", "!!", "!"
Limitations of -DL statistics
SEE ALSO
perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
DESCRIPTION
SPECIAL NOTES
make
Version caveat
Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
TUTORIAL
EXAMPLE 1
EXAMPLE 2
What has gone on?
Writing good test scripts
EXAMPLE 3
What's new here?
Input and Output Parameters
The XSUBPP Program
The TYPEMAP file
Warning about Output Arguments
EXAMPLE 4
What has happened here?
Anatomy of .xs file
Getting the fat out of XSUBs
More about XSUB arguments
The Argument Stack
Extending your Extension
Documenting your Extension
Installing your Extension
EXAMPLE 5
New Things in this Example
EXAMPLE 6
New Things in this Example
EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
Troubleshooting these Examples
See also
Author
Last Changed
perlxs - XS language reference manual
DESCRIPTION
Introduction
On The Road
The Anatomy of an XSUB
The Argument Stack
The RETVAL Variable
The MODULE Keyword
The PACKAGE Keyword
The PREFIX Keyword
The OUTPUT: Keyword
The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
The CODE: Keyword
The INIT: Keyword
The NO_INIT Keyword
Initializing Function Parameters
Default Parameter Values
The PREINIT: Keyword
The SCOPE: Keyword
The INPUT: Keyword
The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
The "length(NAME)" Keyword
Variable-length Parameter Lists
The C_ARGS: Keyword
The PPCODE: Keyword
Returning Undef And Empty Lists
The REQUIRE: Keyword
The CLEANUP: Keyword
The POSTCALL: Keyword
The BOOT: Keyword
The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
The ALIAS: Keyword
The OVERLOAD: Keyword
The INTERFACE: Keyword
The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
The INCLUDE: Keyword
The CASE: Keyword
The & Unary Operator
Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
Using XS With C++
Interface Strategy
Perl Objects And C Structures
The Typemap
Safely Storing Static Data in XS
MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
EXAMPLES
XS VERSION
AUTHOR
perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
DESCRIPTION
Conventions
"t", "p", "n", "s"
File Operations
File Input and Output
File Positioning
Memory Management and String Handling
Character Class Tests
stdlib.h functions
Miscellaneous functions
SEE ALSO
perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
DESCRIPTION
Variables
Datatypes
What is an "IV"?
Working with SVs
Offsets
What's Really Stored in an SV?
Working with AVs
Working with HVs
Hash API Extensions
References
Blessed References and Class Objects
Creating New Variables
GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
Reference Counts and Mortality
Stashes and Globs
Double-Typed SVs
Magic Variables
Assigning Magic
Magic Virtual Tables
Finding Magic
Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
Localizing changes
"SAVEINT(int i)", "SAVEIV(IV i)", "SAVEI32(I32 i)", "SAVELONG(long i)", SAVESPTR(s), SAVEPPTR(p), "SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)", "SAVEMOR-
TALIZESV(SV *sv)", "SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)", SAVEFREEPV(p), "SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)", "SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)",
"SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)", "SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)", "SAVESTACK_POS()", "SV*
save_scalar(GV *gv)", "AV* save_ary(GV *gv)", "HV* save_hash(GV *gv)", "void save_item(SV *item)", "void save_list(SV **sarg, I32
maxsarg)", "SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)", "void save_aptr(AV **aptr)", "void save_hptr(HV **hptr)"
Subroutines
XSUBs and the Argument Stack
Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
Memory Allocation
PerlIO
Putting a C value on Perl stack
Scratchpads
Scratchpads and recursion
Compiled code
Code tree
Examining the tree
Compile pass 1: check routines
Compile pass 1a: constant folding
Compile pass 2: context propagation
Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
Pluggable runops
Examining internal data structures with the "dump" functions
How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
So what happened to dTHR?
How do I use all this in extensions?
Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
Internal Functions
A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
Source Documentation
Unicode Support
What is Unicode, anyway?
How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
How do I convert a string to UTF8?
Is there anything else I need to know?
Custom Operators
AUTHORS
SEE ALSO
perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
DESCRIPTION
An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
FLAG VALUES
G_VOID
G_SCALAR
G_ARRAY
G_DISCARD
G_NOARGS
G_EVAL
G_KEEPERR
Determining the Context
KNOWN PROBLEMS
EXAMPLES
No Parameters, Nothing returned
Passing Parameters
Returning a Scalar
Returning a list of values
Returning a list in a scalar context
Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
Using G_EVAL
Using G_KEEPERR
Using call_sv
Using call_argv
Using call_method
Using GIMME_V
Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to
the Perl callback
Alternate Stack Manipulation
Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
DATE
perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
DESCRIPTION
DOCUMENTATION
perldoc, pod2man and pod2text, pod2html and pod2latex, pod2usage, podselect, podchecker, splain, roffitall
CONVERTORS
a2p, s2p, find2perl
Administration
libnetcfg
Development
perlbug, h2ph, c2ph and pstruct, h2xs, dprofpp, perlcc
SEE ALSO
perlfilter - Source Filters
DESCRIPTION
CONCEPTS
USING FILTERS
WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
Decryption Filters
CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
CONCLUSION
REQUIREMENTS
AUTHOR
Copyrights
perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
filter_store_key, filter_store_value, filter_fetch_key, filter_fetch_value
The Filter
An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
Another Example -- Key is a C int.
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
DESCRIPTION
"Gimme" Values
GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
Array Manipulation Functions
AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef,
av_unshift, get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv
Callback Functions
call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
Character classes
isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
Cloning an interpreter
perl_clone
CV Manipulation Functions
CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv
Embedding Functions
load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
Functions in file pp_pack.c
pack_cat, unpack_str
Global Variables
PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
GV Functions
GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv
Handy Values
HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv
Hash Manipulation Functions
get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iternext_flags, hv_iter-
val, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv
Magical Functions
mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMag-
icSV_nosteal, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE
Memory Management
Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero
Miscellaneous Functions
fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE
Numeric functions
grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin, scan_hex, scan_oct
Optree Manipulation Functions
cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
Stack Manipulation Macros
dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs,
PUSHu, PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV,
XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES
SV Flags
svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
SV Manipulation Functions
get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv,
newSVsv, newSVuv, new_vstring, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only,
SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVx, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV,
SvNVX, SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force,
SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX, SvPV_force,
SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED,
SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool,
sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen, sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen,
sv_2uv, sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv,
sv_catsv_flags, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq,
sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8,
sv_magic, sv_magicext, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nolocking, sv_nosharing, sv_nounlocking, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u,
sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n,
sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg,
sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn,
sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref,
sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade,
sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn
Unicode Support
bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, pv_uni_display, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_uni_display,
to_utf8_case, to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop,
utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8_flags
Variables created by "xsubpp" and "xsubpp" internal functions
ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST, THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
Warning and Dieing
croak, warn
AUTHORS
SEE ALSO
perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely internal Perl functions
DESCRIPTION
Global Variables
PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs
GV Functions
is_gv_magical
IO Functions
start_glob
Pad Data Structures
CvPADLIST
Stack Manipulation Macros
djSP, LVRET
SV Manipulation Functions
report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
AUTHORS
SEE ALSO
perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
History and Background
Layers vs Disciplines
Data Structures
Functions and Attributes
Per-instance Data
Layers in action.
Per-instance flag bits
PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR, PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PER-
LIO_F_UTF8, PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF, PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
Methods in Detail
fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF, PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped,
Open, Binmode, Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof, Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base,
Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt, Set_ptrcnt
Core Layers
"unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
Extension Layers
":encoding", ":scalar", ":via"
TODO
perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, PerlIO_stdin(), PerlIO_stdout(), PerlIO_stderr(), PerlIO_open(path, mode), Per-
lIO_fdopen(fd,mode), PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f), PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...), PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a), PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...), Per-
lIO_read(f,buf,count), PerlIO_write(f,buf,count), PerlIO_close(f), PerlIO_puts(f,s), PerlIO_putc(f,c), PerlIO_ungetc(f,c), Per-
lIO_getc(f), PerlIO_eof(f), PerlIO_error(f), PerlIO_fileno(f), PerlIO_clearerr(f), PerlIO_flush(f), PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence), Per-
lIO_tell(f), PerlIO_getpos(f,p), PerlIO_setpos(f,p), PerlIO_rewind(f), PerlIO_tmpfile(), PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)
Co-existence with stdio
PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode), PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode), PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f), PerlIO_findFILE(f)
"Fast gets" Functions
PerlIO_fast_gets(f), PerlIO_has_cntptr(f), PerlIO_get_cnt(f), PerlIO_get_ptr(f), PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c), PerlIO_canset_cnt(f),
PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c), PerlIO_has_base(f), PerlIO_get_base(f), PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)
Other Functions
PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers), '<' read, '>' write, '+' read/write, Per-
lIO_debug(fmt,...)
perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
DESCRIPTION
To do during 5.6.x
Support for I/O disciplines
Autoload bytes.pm
Make "u{XXXX}" et al work
Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
Overloadable regex assertions
Unicode
Work out exit/die semantics for threads
Better support for nonpreemptive threading systems like GNU pth
Typed lexicals for compiler
Compiler workarounds for Win32
AUTOLOADing in the compiler
Fixing comppadlist when compiling
Cleaning up exported namespace
Complete signal handling
Out-of-source builds
POSIX realtime support
UNIX98 support
IPv6 Support
Long double conversion
Locales
Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
POSIX Unicode character classes
Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
Security audit shipped utilities
Sort out the uid-setting mess
Custom opcodes
DLL Versioning
Introduce @( and @)
Floating point handling
IV/UV preservation
Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
Automate module testing on CPAN
sendmsg and recvmsg
Rewrite perlre documentation
Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
Document Win32 choices
Check new modules
Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
To do at some point
Remove regular expression recursion
Memory leaks after failed eval
bitfields in pack
Cross compilation
Perl preprocessor / macros
Perl lexer in Perl
Using POSIX calls internally
-i rename file when changed
All ARGV input should act like <>
Support for rerunning debugger
Test Suite for the Debugger
my sub foo { }
One-pass global destruction
Rewrite regexp parser
Cache recently used regexps
Cross-compilation support
Bit-shifting bitvectors
debugger pragma
use less pragma
switch structures
Cache eval tree
rcatmaybe
Shrink opcode tables
Optimize away @_
Prototypes versus indirect objects
Install HTML
Prototype method calls
Return context prototype declarations
magic_setisa
Garbage collection
IO tutorial
Rewrite perldoc
Install .3p manpages
Unicode tutorial
Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
Retargetable installation
POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
Rename Win32 headers
Finish off lvalue functions
Update sprintf documentation
Use fchown/fchmod internally
Make v-strings overloaded objects
Allow restricted hash assignment
Should overload be inheritable?
Taint rethink
Vague ideas
ref() in list context
Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
Compile to real threaded code
Structured types
Modifiable $1 et al.
Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
RPC modules
Attach/detach debugger from running program
GUI::Native
foreach(reverse ...)
Constant function cache
Approximate regular expression matching
Ongoing
Update guts documentation
Add more tests
Update auxiliary tools
Create debugging macros
truncate to the people
Unicode in Filenames
Recently done things
Alternative RE syntax module
Safe signal handling
Tie Modules
gettimeofday
setitimer and getimiter
Testing __DIE__ hook
CPP equivalent in Perl
Explicit switch statements
autocroak
UTF/EBCDIC
UTF Regexes
perlcc to produce executable
END blocks saved in compiled output
Secure temporary file module
Integrate Time::HiRes
Turn Cwd into XS
Mmap for input
Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
Add sockatmark support
Mailing list archives
Bug tracking
Integrate MacPerl
Web "nerve center" for Perl
Regular expression tutorial
Debugging Tutorial
Integrate new modules
Integrate profiler
Y2K error detection
Regular expression debugger
POD checker
"Dynamic" lexicals
Cache precompiled modules
Deprecated Wishes
Loop control on do{}
Lexically scoped typeglobs
format BOTTOM
report HANDLE
Generalised want()/caller())
Named prototypes
Built-in globbing
Regression tests for suidperl
Cached hash values
Add compression modules
Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
Remove distinction between functions and operators
Make XS easier to use
Make embedding easier to use
man for perl
my $Package::variable
"or" tests defined, not truth
"class"-based lexicals
byteperl
Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
Make "use utf8" the default
Unicode collation and normalization
pack/unpack tutorial
perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
DESCRIPTION
Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation
robust?, Is the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there
another way to do it?, Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
Keeping in sync
rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the NFS, rsync'ing the patches
Why rsync the source tree
It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
Why rsync the patches
It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of
misbehaviour
Perlbug remote interface
1 http://bugs.perl.org, 2 bugdb@perl.org, 3 commands_and_bugdids@bugs.perl.org, notes, patches, tests
Submitting patches
perlguts, perlxstut and perlxs, perlapi, Porting/pumpkin.pod, The perl5-porters FAQ
Finding Your Way Around
Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
Elements of the interpreter
Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
Internal Variable Types
Op Trees
Stacks
Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
Millions of Macros
Poking at Perl
Using a source-level debugger
run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue, finish, 'enter', print
Dumping Perl Data Structures
Patching
Patching a core module
Adding a new function to the core
Writing a test
t/base/, t/cmd/, t/comp/, t/io/, t/lib/, t/op/, t/pod/, t/run/, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
Special Make Test Targets
coretest, test.deparse, minitest, test.third check.third utest.third ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8
check.utf8
EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
Rational Software's Purify
Purify on Unix
-Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
Purify on NT
DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
Profiling
Gprof Profiling
-a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
GCC gcov Profiling
Pixie Profiling
-h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage, -z[ero]
Miscellaneous tricks
CONCLUSION
The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.
AUTHOR
perlhist - the Perl history records
DESCRIPTION
INTRODUCTION
THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
PUMPKIN?
THE RECORDS
SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
SELECTED PATCH SIZES
THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
DESCRIPTION
Highlights In 5.8.0
Incompatible Changes
Binary Incompatibility
64-bit platforms and malloc
AIX Dynaloading
Attributes for "my" variables now handled at run-time
Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
New Unicode Semantics (no more "use utf8", almost)
New Unicode Properties
REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
pack/unpack D/F recycled
glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order
Deprecations
Core Enhancements
Unicode Overhaul
PerlIO is Now The Default
ithreads
Restricted Hashes
Safe Signals
Understanding of Numbers
Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]
Miscellaneous Changes
Modules and Pragmata
New Modules and Pragmata
Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
Utility Changes
New Documentation
Performance Enhancements
Installation and Configuration Improvements
Generic Improvements
New Or Improved Platforms
Selected Bug Fixes
Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
New or Changed Diagnostics
Changed Internals
Security Vulnerability Closed [561]
New Tests
Known Problems
The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
PDL failing some tests
Perl_get_sv
Self-tying Problems
ext/threads/t/libc
Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
Timing problems
Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify
Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work
Platform Specific Problems
AIX
Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
AmigaOS
BeOS
Cygwin "unable to remap"
Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT
DJGPP Failures
FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories
FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales
IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t or Digest::MD5
HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
Mac OS X
Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols
OS/2 Test Failures
op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
Solaris 2.5
Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint
SUPER-UX (NEC SX)
Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
UNICOS/mk
UTS
VOS (Stratus)
VMS
Win32
XML::Parser not working
z/OS (OS/390)
Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
Reporting Bugs
SEE ALSO
HISTORY
perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
DESCRIPTION
Security Vulnerability Closed
Incompatible Changes
64-bit platforms and malloc
AIX Dynaloading
Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes p{In...}
Deprecations
Core Enhancements
Modules and Pragmata
New Modules and Distributions
Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
Utility Changes
New Documentation
Installation and Configuration Improvements
New Or Improved Platforms
Generic Improvements
Selected Bug Fixes
Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
New or Changed Diagnostics
Source Code Enhancements
MAGIC constants
Better commented code
Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
gcc -Wall
New Tests
Known Problems
AIX
Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
OS/390
op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
Failure of Thread tests
UNICOS
UTS
VMS
Win32
Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
Reporting Bugs
SEE ALSO
HISTORY
perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
DESCRIPTION
Security Vulnerability Closed
Incompatible Changes
Core Enhancements
AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
PerlIO is Now The Default
Signals Are Now Safe
Modules and Pragmata
New Modules
Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
Performance Enhancements
Utility Changes
New Documentation
perlclib
perliol
README.aix
README.bs2000
README.macos
README.mpeix
README.solaris
README.vos
Porting/repository.pod
Installation and Configuration Improvements
New Or Improved Platforms
Generic Improvements
d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s, need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size,
d_sockatmark, d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
Selected Bug Fixes
Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
New or Changed Diagnostics
Changed Internals
New Tests
Known Problems
AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
lib/b test 19
Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
sigaction test 13 in VMS
sprintf tests 129 and 130
Failure of Thread tests
Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
Reporting Bugs
SEE ALSO
HISTORY
perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
DESCRIPTION
Security Vulnerability Closed
Incompatible Changes
Core Enhancements
Modules and Pragmata
New Modules
Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
Utility Changes
New Documentation
Performance Enhancements
Installation and Configuration Improvements
Generic Improvements
Selected Bug Fixes
Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
New or Changed Diagnostics
Changed Internals
Known Problems
Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
Storable tests fail in some platforms
Threads Are Still Experimental
The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
Reporting Bugs
SEE ALSO
HISTORY
perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
DESCRIPTION
Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
Security Issues
Core bug fixes
"UNIVERSAL::isa()", Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\b), caller(), Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivifica-
tion of symbolic references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line
directives, Subroutine prototypes, map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support, Compiler, Lvalue subrou-
tines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, "no Module;", Tests
Core features
Configuration issues
Documentation
Bundled modules
B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN, Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find,
Getopt::Long, IO::Poll, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser, Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Sys-
log, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
Platform-specific improvements
NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
Core Enhancements
Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
Lexically scoped warning categories
Unicode and UTF-8 support
Support for interpolating named characters
"our" declarations
Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
Improved Perl version numbering system
New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
File and directory handles can be autovivified
open() with more than two arguments
64-bit support
Large file support
Long doubles
"more bits"
Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
"sort $coderef @foo" allowed
File globbing implemented internally
Support for CHECK blocks
POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
Better pseudo-random number generator
Improved "qw//" operator
Better worst-case behavior of hashes
pack() format 'Z' supported
pack() format modifier '!' supported
pack() and unpack() support counted strings
Comments in pack() templates
Weak references
Binary numbers supported
Lvalue subroutines
Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
exists() is supported on subroutine names
exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
Pseudo-hashes work better
Automatic flushing of output buffers
Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
eof() has the same old magic as <>
binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
"-T" filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
Improved diagnostics
Diagnostics follow STDERR
More consistent close-on-exec behavior
syswrite() ease-of-use
Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
Bit operators support full native integer width
Improved security features
More functional bareword prototype (*)
"require" and "do" may be overridden
$^X variables may now have names longer than one character
New variable $^C reflects "-c" switch
New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
Optional Y2K warnings
Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
Modules and Pragmata
Modules
attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue,
DynaLoader, English, Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL,
lib, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find,
Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, Term::ANSIColor,
Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
Pragmata
Utility Changes
dprofpp
find2perl
h2xs
perlcc
perldoc
The Perl Debugger
Improved Documentation
perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod, perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perl-
hack.pod, perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod, perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perluni-
code.pod
Performance enhancements
Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
Optimized assignments to lexical variables
Faster subroutine calls
delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
Installation and Configuration Improvements
-Dusethreads means something different
New Configure flags
Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
Long Doubles
-Dusemorebits
-Duselargefiles
installusrbinperl
SOCKS support
"-A" flag
Enhanced Installation Directories
gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
Platform specific changes
Supported platforms
DOS
OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
VMS
Win32
Significant bug fixes
<HANDLE> on empty files
"eval '...'" improvements
All compilation errors are true errors
Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
Behavior of list slices is more consistent
"($)" prototype and $foo{a}
"goto &sub" and AUTOLOAD
"-bareword" allowed under "use integer"
Failures in DESTROY()
Locale bugs fixed
Memory leaks
Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
Taint failures under "-U"
END blocks and the "-c" switch
Potential to leak DATA filehandles
New or Changed Diagnostics
"%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only
after types %s, / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric
type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \%c in character class passed through, /%s/ should
probably be written as "%s", %s() called too early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s argument is not a
HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s, (in
cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in con-
ditional, Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in
prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s", Can't declare %s in "%s",
Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't remove %s: %s,
skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference, constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword,
defined(@array) is deprecated, defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?),
Document contains no data, entering effective %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for output, flock()
on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable, Ill-formed
CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute: %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in
regexp, Invalid separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in subroutine attribute list, leaving effec-
tive %s failed, Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing %sbrace%s on N{}, Missing command in
piped open, Missing name in "my sub", No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our", No space allowed after
-%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref, panic: kid
popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in
pack overflows, Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored, Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take
arguments, Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This Perl can't reset CRTL environ ele-
ments (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode '%s', Unknown process %x
sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized escape \%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list, Unter-
minated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
New tests
Incompatible Changes
Perl Source Incompatibilities
CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed, Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of
the form 1.2.3 parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed,
"undef" fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles, Writing "$$1" to mean "${$}1" is unsup-
ported, delete(), each(), values() and "(%h)", vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic output
has changed, "%@" has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword prototype "(*)" have
changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
C Source Incompatibilities
"PERL_POLLUTE", "PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT", "PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC"
Compatible C Source API Changes
"PATCHLEVEL" is now "PERL_VERSION"
Binary Incompatibilities
Known Problems
Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
Known test failures
EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
Arrow operator and arrays
Experimental features
Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal
implementation of file globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
Obsolete Diagnostics
Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must
be written as @%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
Reporting Bugs
SEE ALSO
HISTORY
perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
DESCRIPTION
Core Enhancements
Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
Lexically scoped warning categories
Unicode and UTF-8 support
Support for interpolating named characters
"our" declarations
Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
Improved Perl version numbering system
New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
File and directory handles can be autovivified
open() with more than two arguments
64-bit support
Large file support
Long doubles
"more bits"
Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
"sort $coderef @foo" allowed
File globbing implemented internally
Support for CHECK blocks
POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
Better pseudo-random number generator
Improved "qw//" operator
Better worst-case behavior of hashes
pack() format 'Z' supported
pack() format modifier '!' supported
pack() and unpack() support counted strings
Comments in pack() templates
Weak references
Binary numbers supported
Lvalue subroutines
Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
exists() is supported on subroutine names
exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
Pseudo-hashes work better
Automatic flushing of output buffers
Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
eof() has the same old magic as <>
binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
"-T" filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
Improved diagnostics
Diagnostics follow STDERR
More consistent close-on-exec behavior
syswrite() ease-of-use
Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
Bit operators support full native integer width
Improved security features
More functional bareword prototype (*)
"require" and "do" may be overridden
$^X variables may now have names longer than one character
New variable $^C reflects "-c" switch
New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
Optional Y2K warnings
Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
Modules and Pragmata
Modules
attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue,
DynaLoader, English, Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL,
lib, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find,
Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, Term::ANSIColor,
Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
Pragmata
Utility Changes
dprofpp
find2perl
h2xs
perlcc
perldoc
The Perl Debugger
Improved Documentation
perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod, perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perl-
hack.pod, perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod, perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perluni-
code.pod
Performance enhancements
Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
Optimized assignments to lexical variables
Faster subroutine calls
delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
Installation and Configuration Improvements
-Dusethreads means something different
New Configure flags
Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
Long Doubles
-Dusemorebits
-Duselargefiles
installusrbinperl
SOCKS support
"-A" flag
Enhanced Installation Directories
Platform specific changes
Supported platforms
DOS
OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
VMS
Win32
Significant bug fixes
<HANDLE> on empty files
"eval '...'" improvements
All compilation errors are true errors
Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
Behavior of list slices is more consistent
"($)" prototype and $foo{a}
"goto &sub" and AUTOLOAD
"-bareword" allowed under "use integer"
Failures in DESTROY()
Locale bugs fixed
Memory leaks
Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
Taint failures under "-U"
END blocks and the "-c" switch
Potential to leak DATA filehandles
New or Changed Diagnostics
"%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only
after types %s, / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric
type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \%c in character class passed through, /%s/ should
probably be written as "%s", %s() called too early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s argument is not a
HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s, (in
cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in con-
ditional, Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in
prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s", Can't declare %s in "%s",
Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't remove %s: %s,
skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference, constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword,
defined(@array) is deprecated, defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?),
Document contains no data, entering effective %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for output, flock()
on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable, Ill-formed
CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute: %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in
regexp, Invalid separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in subroutine attribute list, leaving effec-
tive %s failed, Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing %sbrace%s on N{}, Missing command in
piped open, Missing name in "my sub", No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our", No space allowed after
-%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref, panic: kid
popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in
pack overflows, Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored, Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take
arguments, Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This Perl can't reset CRTL environ ele-
ments (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode '%s', Unknown process %x
sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized escape \%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list, Unter-
minated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
New tests
Incompatible Changes
Perl Source Incompatibilities
CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed, Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of
the form 1.2.3 parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed,
"undef" fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles, Writing "$$1" to mean "${$}1" is unsup-
ported, delete(), each(), values() and "(%h)", vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic output
has changed, "%@" has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword prototype "(*)" have
changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
C Source Incompatibilities
"PERL_POLLUTE", "PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT", "PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC"
Compatible C Source API Changes
"PATCHLEVEL" is now "PERL_VERSION"
Binary Incompatibilities
Known Problems
Thread test failures
EBCDIC platforms not supported
In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with gcc
UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
Arrow operator and arrays
Experimental features
Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal
implementation of file globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
Obsolete Diagnostics
Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must
be written as @%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
Reporting Bugs
SEE ALSO
HISTORY
perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
DESCRIPTION
About the new versioning system
Incompatible Changes
WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
Default installation structure has changed
Perl Source Compatibility
C Source Compatibility
Binary Compatibility
Security fixes may affect compatibility
Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
Licensing
Core Changes
Threads
Compiler
Regular Expressions
Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression constructs, New operator for precompiled regular
expressions, Other improvements, Incompatible changes
Improved malloc()
Quicksort is internally implemented
Reliable signals
Reliable stack pointers
More generous treatment of carriage returns
Memory leaks
Better support for multiple interpreters
Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
"%!" is transparently tied to the Errno module
Pseudo-hashes are supported
"EXPR foreach EXPR" is supported
Keywords can be globally overridden
$^E is meaningful on Win32
"foreach (1..1000000)" optimized
"Foo::" can be used as implicitly quoted package name
"exists $Foo::{Bar::}" tests existence of a package
Better locale support
Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
prototype() returns useful results on builtins
Extended support for exception handling
Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
All "printf" format conversions are handled internally
New "INIT" keyword
New "lock" keyword
New "qr//" operator
"our" is now a reserved word
Tied arrays are now fully supported
Tied handles support is better
4th argument to substr
Negative LENGTH argument to splice
Magic lvalues are now more magical
<> now reads in records
Supported Platforms
New Platforms
Changes in existing support
Modules and Pragmata
New Modules
B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array,
Tie::Handle, Thread, attrs, fields, re
Changes in existing modules
Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File, MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
Utility Changes
Documentation Changes
New Diagnostics
Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to
nonexistent package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array
into hash, Can't goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element, Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not avail-
able, Cannot find an opnumber for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions, Character class syntax [: :] is
reserved for future extensions, Character class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in insecure regular
expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s: Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming pack-
age main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridicu-
lously large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference
found where even-sized list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning:
Setting locale failed
Obsolete Diagnostics
Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for -e: %s, Cannot open temporary file, regexp too big
Configuration Changes
BUGS
SEE ALSO
HISTORY
perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
DESCRIPTION
Supported Environments
Core Changes
List assignment to %ENV works
Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
$PERL5OPT environment variable
Limitations on -M, -m, and -T options
More precise warnings
Deprecated: Inherited "AUTOLOAD" for non-methods
Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
Group vector changeable with $)
Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
No resetting of $. on implicit close
"wantarray" may return undef
"eval EXPR" determines value of EXPR in scalar context
Changes to tainting checks
No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
New Opcode module and revised Safe module
Embedding improvements
Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
New and changed syntax
$coderef->(PARAMS)
New and changed builtin constants
__PACKAGE__
New and changed builtin variables
$^E, $^H, $^M
New and changed builtin functions
delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use
VERSION, use Module VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, "m//gc" does not reset search position on failure,
"m//x" ignores whitespace before ?*+{}, nested "sub{}" closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
New builtin methods
isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
TIEHANDLE now supported
TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
Malloc enhancements
-DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
Support for More Operating Systems
Win32
Plan 9
QNX
AmigaOS
Pragmata
use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
Modules
Required Updates
Installation directories
Module information summary
Fcntl
IO
Math::Complex
Math::Trig
DB_File
Net::Ping
Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
Utility Changes
pod2html
Sends converted HTML to standard output
xsubpp
"void" XSUBs now default to returning nothing
C Language API Changes
"gv_fetchmethod" and "perl_call_sv", "perl_eval_pv", Extended API for manipulating hashes
Documentation Changes
perldelta, perlfaq, perllocale, perltoot, perlapio, perlmodlib, perldebug, perlsec
New Diagnostics
"my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allo-
cation too large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as
lvalue in substr, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as
%s ref while "strict refs" in use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant subroutine %s redefined, Con-
stant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too long, Illegal
character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s"
used only once: possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of memory!, Out of memory during request for %s,
panic: frexp, Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} bet-
ter written as $%s{%s}, Stub found while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "-T" option, untie attempted while
%d inner references still exist, Unrecognized character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is dep-
recated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(), Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared, Warning:
something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR
too long, Process terminated by SIG%s
BUGS
SEE ALSO
HISTORY
perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
DESCRIPTION
Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
OS level
Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
The IBM ANSI C Compiler
Using GNU's gcc for building perl
Using Large Files with Perl
Threaded Perl
64-bit Perl
AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
AUTHOR
DATE
perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
NOTE
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library, Version of Amiga OS
Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
INSTALLATION
Accessing documentation
Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
Making Perl on AmigaOS
Testing Perl on AmigaOS
Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS
AUTHORS
SEE ALSO
perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
DESCRIPTION
General Issues with Perl on BeOS
BeOS Release-specific Notes
R4 x86, R4 PPC
Contact Information
Update 2002-05-30
perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
gzip on BS2000
bison on BS2000
Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
Compiling Perl on BS2000
Testing Perl on BS2000
Installing Perl on BS2000
Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
Using Perl in "native" BS2000
Floating point anomalies on BS2000
AUTHORS
SEE ALSO
Mailing list
HISTORY
Name
Description
Build
Tools & SDK
Make
Acknowledgements
Author
perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
SYNOPSIS
PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
Cygwin Configuration
"PATH", nroff, Permissions
CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
"-lcrypt", "-lgdbm" ("use GDBM_File"), "-ldb" ("use DB_File"), "-lcygipc" ("use IPC::SysV"), "-lutil"
Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
"-Uusedl", "-Uusemymalloc", "-Uuseperlio", "-Dusemultiplicity", "-Duse64bitint", "-Duselongdouble", "-Dusethreads", "-Duselarge-
files", "-Dmksymlinks"
Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
dlsym(), Win9x and "d_eofnblk", Compiler/Preprocessor defines
MAKE ON CYGWIN
Warnings on Cygwin
ld2 on Cygwin
TEST ON CYGWIN
File Permissions on Cygwin
NDBM_File does not work on FAT filesystems
Script Portability on Cygwin
Pathnames, Text/Binary, .exe, chown(), Miscellaneous
INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
BUGS ON CYGWIN
AUTHORS
HISTORY
perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
Threaded Perl on DG/UX
Testing Perl on DG/UX
Installing the built perl on DG/UX
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
DJGPP, Pthreads
Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
Building Perl on DOS
Testing Perl on DOS
Installation of Perl on DOS
BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
Building XS Modules on DOS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
SYNOPSIS
INTRODUCTION
INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
STARTING PERL ON EPOC
Editors on Epoc
Features of Perl on Epoc
Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
AUTHOR
LAST UPDATE
perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems
DESCRIPTION
FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads
$^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD
Perl will no longer be part of "base FreeBSD"
AUTHOR
perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix (HP-UX) systems
DESCRIPTION
Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
PA-RISC
PA-RISC 1.0
PA-RISC 1.1
PA-RISC 2.0
Itanium
Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
The HP ANSI C Compiler
The GNU C Compiler
Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
Threaded Perl on HP-UX
64-bit Perl on HP-UX
Oracle on HP-UX
GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
perl -P and // and HP-UX
HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
AUTHOR
DATE
perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
DESCRIPTION
Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
AUTHOR
perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems
DESCRIPTION
Building 32-bit Perl in Irix
Building 64-bit Perl in Irix
About Compiler Versions of Irix
Linker Problems in Irix
Malloc in Irix
Building with threads in Irix
AUTHOR
perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen systems
DESCRIPTION
Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
Failures during "make test" on MachTen
op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
Building external modules on MachTen
AUTHOR
DATE
perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
DATE
perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
DESCRIPTION
Known problems with Perl on MiNT
AUTHOR
perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
SYNOPSIS
NOTE
Binary distribution from HP
What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
Welcome to Perl/iX
System Requirements for Perl/iX
How to Obtain Perl/iX
Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/, public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
How to Compile Perl/iX
4, 6
Getting Started with Perl/iX
MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
Perl/iX To-Do List
Perl/iX Change History
AUTHOR
Name
Description
Build
Tools & SDK
Setup
SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat
Make
Interpreter
Extensions
Install
Build new extensions
Acknowledgements
Authors
Date
perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Target
Other OSes
Prerequisites
EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
Frequently asked questions
"It does not work"
I cannot run external programs
I cannot embed perl into my program, or use perl.dll from my program.
Is your program EMX-compiled with "-Zmt -Zcrtdll"?, Did you use ExtUtils::Embed?
`` and pipe-"open" do not work under DOS.
Cannot start "find.exe "pattern" file"
INSTALLATION
Automatic binary installation
"PERL_BADLANG", "PERL_BADFREE", Config.pm
Manual binary installation
Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main
Perl library, Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules,
Source for Perl documentation, Perl manual in .INF format, Pdksh
Warning
Accessing documentation
OS/2 .INF file
Plain text
Manpages
HTML
GNU "info" files
PDF files
"LaTeX" docs
BUILD
The short story
Prerequisites
Getting perl source
Application of the patches
Hand-editing
Making
Testing
A lot of "bad free", Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, op/fs.t, op/stat.t
Installing the built perl
"a.out"-style build
Build FAQ
Some "/" became "" in pdksh.
'errno' - unresolved external
Problems with tr or sed
Some problem (forget which ;-)
Library ... not found
Segfault in make
op/sprintf test failure
Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
"setpriority", "getpriority"
"system()"
"extproc" on the first line
Additional modules:
Prebuilt methods:
"File::Copy::syscopy", "DynaLoader::mod2fname", "Cwd::current_drive()",
"Cwd::sys_chdir(name)", "Cwd::change_drive(name)", "Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)", "Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)", "Cwd::sys_is_rela-
tive(name)", "Cwd::sys_cwd(name)", "Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)", "Cwd::extLibpath([type])", "Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ]
)", "OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)", "OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)", OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), "OS2::MorphPM(serve)",
"OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)", "OS2::Serve_Messages(force)", "OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])", "OS2::_control87(new,mask)",
OS2::get_control87(), "OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)", "OS2::DLLname([how [, &xsub]])"
Prebuilt variables:
$OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver, $OS2::is_aout, $OS2::can_fork, $OS2::nsyserror
Misfeatures
Modifications
"popen", "tmpnam", "tmpfile", "ctermid", "stat", "mkdir", "rmdir", "flock"
Identifying DLLs
Centralized management of resources
"HAB", "HMQ", Treating errors reported by OS/2 API, "CheckOSError(expr)", "CheckWinError(expr)", "SaveWinError(expr)", "SaveCroak-
WinError(expr,die,name1,name2)", "WinError_2_Perl_rc", "FillWinError", "FillOSError(rc)", Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs
Perl flavors
perl.exe
perl_.exe
perl__.exe
perl___.exe
Why strange names?
Why dynamic linking?
Why chimera build?
ENVIRONMENT
"PERLLIB_PREFIX"
"PERL_BADLANG"
"PERL_BADFREE"
"PERL_SH_DIR"
"USE_PERL_FLOCK"
"TMP" or "TEMP"
Evolution
Text-mode filehandles
Priorities
DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
Global DLLs, specific DLLs, "BEGINLIBPATH" and "ENDLIBPATH", . from "LIBPATH"
DLL forwarder generation
Threading
Calls to external programs
Memory allocation
Threads
"COND_WAIT", os2.c
BUGS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390 and z/OS
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Tools
Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
Configure Perl on OS/390
Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
AUTHORS
SEE ALSO
Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
HISTORY
perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
DESCRIPTION
Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
/bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
QNX auxiliary files
qnx/ar, qnx/cpp
Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
AUTHOR
perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
DESCRIPTION
Invoking Perl
What's in Plan 9 Perl
What's not in Plan 9 Perl
Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
Signals in Plan 9 Perl
COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
BUGS
Revision date
AUTHOR
perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
DESCRIPTION
Solaris Version Numbers.
RESOURCES
Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
SETTING UP
File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
RUN CONFIGURE.
64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
Threads in Perl on Solaris.
Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
MAKE PROBLEMS.
Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal: relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error
"No DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
MAKE TEST
op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
BSD::Resource on Solaris
Net::SSLeay on Solaris
AUTHOR
LAST MODIFIED
perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
DESCRIPTION
Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
Threaded Perl on Tru64
Long Doubles on Tru64
64-bit Perl on Tru64
Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
Testing Perl on Tru64
ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark
AUTHOR
perluts - Perl under UTS
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUILDING PERL ON UTS
Installing the built perl on UTS
AUTHOR
perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
Configure Perl on VM/ESA
Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
AUTHORS
SEE ALSO
Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
DESCRIPTION
Installation
Organization of Perl Images
Core Images
Perl Extensions
Installing static extensions
Installing dynamic extensions
File specifications
Syntax
Wildcard expansion
Pipes
PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
Command line
I/O redirection and backgrounding
Command line switches
-i, -S, -u
Perl functions
File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump, exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill,
qx//, select (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
Perl variables
%ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
SDBM_File
Revision date
AUTHOR
perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
SYNOPSIS
Multiple methods to build perl for VOS
Stratus POSIX Support
INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
Installing Perl 5 on VOS
USING PERL IN VOS
Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
Restrictions of Perl on VOS
Handling of underflow and overflow
TEST STATUS
SUPPORT STATUS
AUTHOR
LAST UPDATE
perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Setting Up Perl on Win32
Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Platform SDK 64-bit Compiler, Mingw32 with GCC
Building
Testing Perl on Win32
Installation of Perl on Win32
Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line, Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32
Specific Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows
Running Perl Scripts
Miscellaneous Things
BUGS AND CAVEATS
AUTHORS
Gary Ng <71564.1743@CompuServe.COM>, Gurusamy Sarathy <gsar@activestate.com>, Nick Ing-Simmons <nick@ing-simmons.net>
SEE ALSO
HISTORY
PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
method, locked
re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data structures between threads
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXPORT
FUNCTIONS
share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
NOTES
BUGS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads from perl
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
$thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach, threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ),
threads->yield();, threads->list();, async BLOCK;
WARNINGS
A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
TODO
BUGS
Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
SEE ALSO
attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Built-in Attributes
locked, method, lvalue
Available Subroutines
get, reftype
Package-specific Attribute Handling
FETCH_type_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_type_ATTRIBUTES
Syntax of Attribute Lists
EXPORTS
Default exports
Available exports
Export tags defined
EXAMPLES
SEE ALSO
attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
method, locked
autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
WARNING
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
HISTORY
SEE ALSO
bigint - Transparent big integer support for Perl
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS
a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
MATH LIBRARY
INTERNAL FORMAT
SIGN
METHODS
MODULES USED
EXAMPLES
LICENSE
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS
a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
MATH LIBRARY
INTERNAL FORMAT
SIGN
METHODS
MODULES USED
EXAMPLES
LICENSE
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
MODULES USED
MATH LIBRARY
SIGN
METHODS
EXAMPLES
perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
LICENSE
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
AUTHOR
bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character semantics
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
charnames - define character names for "N{named}" string literal escapes
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
charnames::viacode(code)
charnames::vianame(name)
ALIASES
ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
BUGS
constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTES
List constants
Defining multiple constants at once
Magic constants
TECHNICAL NOTES
BUGS
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning diagnostics
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
The "diagnostics" Pragma
The splain Program
EXAMPLES
INTERNALS
BUGS
AUTHOR
encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT
USAGE
use encoding [ENCNAME] ;, use encoding ENCNAME [ STDIN => ENCNAME_IN ...] ;, no encoding;
CAVEATS
NOT SCOPED
DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option
use encoding ENCNAME Filter=>1;
EXAMPLE - Greekperl
KNOWN PROBLEMS
SEE ALSO
fields - compile-time class fields
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
new, phash
SEE ALSO
filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
subpragma access
if - "use" a Perl module if a condition holds
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
AUTHOR
integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating point
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Adding directories to @INC
Deleting directories from @INC
Restoring original @INC
CAVEATS
NOTES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
open - perl pragma to set default PerlIO layers for input and output
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
SEE ALSO
ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
overload - Package for overloading perl operations
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Declaration of overloaded functions
Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
FALSE, TRUE, "undef"
Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
Calling Conventions for Mutators
"++" and "--", "x=" and other assignment versions
Overloadable Operations
Arithmetic operations, Comparison operations, Bit operations, Increment and decrement, Transcendental functions, Boolean, string
and numeric conversion, Iteration, Dereferencing, Special
Inheritance and overloading
Strings as values of "use overload" directive, Overloading of an operation is inherited by derived classes
SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR "use overload"
Last Resort
Fallback
"undef", TRUE, defined, but FALSE
Copy Constructor
Example
MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
Assignment forms of arithmetic operations, Conversion operations, Increment and decrement, "abs($a)", Unary minus, Negation, Concatena-
tion, Comparison operations, Iterator, Dereferencing, Copy operator
Losing overloading
Run-time Overloading
Public functions
overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
Overloading constants
integer, float, binary, q, qr
IMPLEMENTATION
Metaphor clash
Cookbook
Two-face scalars
Two-face references
Symbolic calculator
Really symbolic calculator
AUTHOR
DIAGNOSTICS
Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable type, `%s' is not a code reference
BUGS
re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS
SIGNAL HANDLERS
stack-trace, die, handler your-handler
SIGNAL LISTS
normal-signals, error-signals, old-interface-signals
OTHER
untrapped, any, signal, number
EXAMPLES
sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CAVEATS
strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
"strict refs", "strict vars", "strict subs"
subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads from perl
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
$thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach, threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ),
threads->yield();, threads->list();, async BLOCK;
WARNINGS
A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
TODO
BUGS
Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
SEE ALSO
threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data structures between threads
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXPORT
FUNCTIONS
share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
NOTES
BUGS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source code
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Utility functions
$num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, FAIL_OK]), utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string),
$flag = utf8::valid(STRING)
BUGS
SEE ALSO
vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
"vmsish status", "vmsish exit", "vmsish time", "vmsish hushed"
warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category), warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message), warn-
ings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message), warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
warnings::warnif($object, $message)
warnings::register - warnings import function
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
MODULE DOCUMENTATION
AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
DBM Comparisons
[0], [1], [2], [3]
SEE ALSO
Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
VERSION
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
[0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
Typed lexicals
Type-specific attribute handlers
Non-interpretive attribute handlers
Phase-specific attribute handlers
Attributes as "tie" interfaces
EXAMPLES
DIAGNOSTICS
"Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)", "Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s attributes", "Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may
clash with future reserved word", "Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine", "Can't autotie a %s", "Internal error: %s symbol
went missing", "Won't be able to apply END handler"
AUTHOR
BUGS
COPYRIGHT
AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Subroutine Stubs
Using AutoLoader's AUTOLOAD Subroutine
Overriding AutoLoader's AUTOLOAD Subroutine
Package Lexicals
Not Using AutoLoader
AutoLoader vs. SelfLoader
CAVEATS
SEE ALSO
AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
$keep, $check, $modtime
Multiple packages
DIAGNOSTICS
B - The Perl Compiler
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
SV-RELATED CLASSES
B::SV METHODS
REFCNT, FLAGS
B::IV METHODS
IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
B::NV METHODS
NV, NVX
B::RV METHODS
RV
B::PV METHODS
PV, RV, PVX
B::PVMG METHODS
MAGIC, SvSTASH
B::MAGIC METHODS
MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
B::PVLV METHODS
TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
B::BM METHODS
USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
B::GV METHODS
is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
B::IO METHODS
LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV, BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
B::AV METHODS
FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
B::CV METHODS
STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY, CvFLAGS, const_sv
B::HV METHODS
FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
OP-RELATED CLASSES
B::OP METHODS
next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
B::UNOP METHOD
first
B::BINOP METHOD
last
B::LOGOP METHOD
other
B::LISTOP METHOD
children
B::PMOP METHODS
pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags, pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffet
B::SVOP METHOD
sv, gv
B::PADOP METHOD
padix
B::PVOP METHOD
pv
B::LOOP METHODS
redoop, nextop, lastop
B::COP METHODS
label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY "B"
main_cv, init_av, begin_av, end_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, regex_padav, sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, amagic_generation,
walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM),
hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
AUTHOR
B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate bytecode
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
%insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
AUTHOR
B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHORS
B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Functions
find_leaders
AUTHOR
B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS
-ofilename, -afilename, --, -f, -fcompress-nullops, -fomit-sequence-numbers, -fbypass-nullops, -On, -D, -Do, -Db, -Da, -DC, -S, -upack-
age
EXAMPLES
BUGS
AUTHORS
B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS
-ofilename, -v, --, -uPackname, -D, -Do, -Dc, -DA, -DC, -DM, -f, -fcog, -fsave-data, -fppaddr, -fwarn-sv, -fuse-script-name,
-fsave-sig-hash, -On, -O0, -O1, -O2, -llimit
EXAMPLES
BUGS
AUTHOR
B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS
-ofilename, -v, --, -uPackname, -mModulename, -D, -Dr, -DO, -Ds, -Dp, -Dq, -Dl, -Dt, -f, -ffreetmps-each-bblock, -ffreetmps-each-loop,
-fomit-taint, -On
EXAMPLES
BUGS
DIFFERENCES
Loops
Context of ".."
Arithmetic
Deprecated features
AUTHOR
B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
OPTIONS
-basic, -exec, -tree, -compact, -loose, -vt, -ascii, -main, -basen, -bigendian, -littleendian, -concise, -terse, -linenoise, -debug,
-env
FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
(x(exec_text;basic_text)x), (*(text)*), (*(text1;text2)*), (?(text1#varText2)?), #var, #varN, ~, #addr, #arg, #class, #classsym,
#coplabel, #exname, #extarg, #firstaddr, #flags, #flagval, #hyphseq, #label, #lastaddr, #name, #NAME, #next, #nextaddr, #noise, #pri-
vate, #privval, #seq, #seqnum, #sibaddr, #svaddr, #svclass, #svval, #targ, #targarg, #targarglife, #typenum
ABBREVIATIONS
OP flags abbreviations
OP class abbreviations
Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
AUTHOR
B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS
-l, -p, -P, -q, -fFILE, -sLETTERS, C, iNUMBER, T, vSTRING., -xLEVEL
USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
Synopsis
Description
new
ambient_pragmas
strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
coderef2text
BUGS
AUTHOR
B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
B::Lint - Perl lint
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
context, implicit-read and implicit-write, dollar-underscore, private-names, undefined-subs, regexp-variables, all, none
NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
-u Package
BUGS
AUTHOR
B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONVENTIONS
IMPLEMENTATION
BUGS
AUTHOR
B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS
"-oFILENAME", "-r", "-d", "-D[tO]"
BUGS
AUTHOR
Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Functions
find_leaders
AUTHOR
Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Methods
new, debug, iters
Standard Exports
timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ), timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2
), timestr ( TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
Optional Exports
clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), coun-
tit(TIME, CODE), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
NOTES
EXAMPLES
INHERITANCE
CAVEATS
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
MODIFICATION HISTORY
ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS
-ofilename, -afilename, --, -f, -fcompress-nullops, -fomit-sequence-numbers, -fbypass-nullops, -On, -D, -Do, -Db, -Da, -DC, -S, -upack-
age
EXAMPLES
BUGS
AUTHORS
CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT
DESCRIPTION
PROGRAMMING STYLE
CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
:cgi, :form, :html2, :html3, :html4, :netscape, :html, :standard, :all
PRAGMAS
-any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug, -pri-
vate_tempfiles
SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4.
end_ul() (generates a </ul> tag)
GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
Parameters:, 4, 5, 6..
ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
-absolute, -relative, -full, -path (-path_info), -query (-query_string), -base
MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
AUTOESCAPING HTML
$escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset = charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
application/x-www-form-urlencoded, multipart/form-data
CREATING A TEXT FIELD
Parameters
CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
Parameters
CREATING A POPUP MENU
CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
Parameters:
CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
Parameters:
CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
Parameters:
CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
Parameters:
CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
Parameters:
CREATING A RESET BUTTON
CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
Parameters:
CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
Parameters:
CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
HTTP COOKIES
1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag, -name, -value, -path, -domain, -expires, -secure
WORKING WITH FRAMES
1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the
document in the <form> tag
LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
DEBUGGING
DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
Accept(), raw_cookie(), user_agent(), path_info(), path_translated(), remote_host(), script_name(), referer(), auth_type (),
server_name (), virtual_host (), server_port (), server_software (), remote_user (), user_name (), request_method(), content_type(),
http(), https()
USING NPH SCRIPTS
In the use statement, By calling the nph() method:, By using -nph parameters
Server Push
multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
$CGI::POST_MAX, $CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS, 1. On a script-by-script basis, 2. Globally for all scripts
COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
AUTHOR INFORMATION
CREDITS
Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
(mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com),
Richard Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce
(Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKen-
zie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan
(ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
...and many many more..
A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
BUGS
SEE ALSO
CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR INFORMATION
BUGS
SEE ALSO
CGI::Carp, CGI::Carp - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
Changing the default message
MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
CHANGE LOG
AUTHORS
SEE ALSO
CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
USING CGI::Cookie
1. expiration date, 2. domain, 3. path, 4. secure flag
Creating New Cookies
Sending the Cookie to the Browser
Recovering Previous Cookies
Manipulating Cookies
name(), value(), domain(), path(), expires()
AUTHOR INFORMATION
BUGS
SEE ALSO
CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
CAVEATS
AUTHOR INFORMATION
BUGS
SEE ALSO
CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Tags that won't be formatted
Customizing the Indenting
BUGS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
USING CGI::Push
-next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
Heterogeneous Pages
Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
AUTHOR INFORMATION
BUGS
SEE ALSO
CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR INFORMATION
BUGS
SEE ALSO
CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR INFORMATION
SEE ALSO
CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Interactive Mode
Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test, install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme,
look module or distribution, ls author, Signals
CPAN::Shell
autobundle
recompile
The four "CPAN::*" Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
Programmer's interface
expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
Methods in the other Classes
CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(), CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(), CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(), CPAN::Bun-
dle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(), CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(),
CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(), CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(), CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(),
CPAN::Distribution::as_string(), CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(), CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(),
CPAN::Distribution::dir(), CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(), CPAN::Distribution::install(),
CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(), CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(), CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Dis-
tribution::readme(), CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(), CPAN::Index::force_reload(),
CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(), CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(), CPAN::Module::clean(),
CPAN::Module::cpan_file(), CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(), CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Mod-
ule::force($method,@args), CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(), CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(), CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(), CPAN::Module::test(),
CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
Cache Manager
Bundles
Prerequisites
Finding packages and VERSION
Debugging
Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
CONFIGURATION
"o conf <scalar option>", "o conf <scalar option> <value>", "o conf <list option>", "o conf <list option> [shift|pop]", "o conf <list
option> [unshift|push|splice] <list>"
Note on urllist parameter's format
urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
SECURITY
EXPORT
POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
Three basic types of firewalls
http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
FAQ 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
BUGS
AUTHOR
TRANSLATIONS
SEE ALSO
CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Forcing a Stack Trace
BUGS
Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONS
the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
CAUTIONARY NOTES
COPYRIGHT
AUTHOR
Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
The "struct()" function
Class Creation at Compile Time
Element Types and Accessor Methods
Scalar ('$' or '*$'), Array ('@' or '*@'), Hash ('%' or '*%'), Class ('Class_Name' or '*Class_Name')
Initializing with "new"
EXAMPLES
Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
Author and Modification History
Config - access Perl configuration information
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
EXAMPLE
WARNING
GLOSSARY
_ "_a", "_exe", "_o"
a "afs", "afsroot", "alignbytes", "ansi2knr", "aphostname", "api_revision", "api_subversion", "api_version", "api_versionstring",
"ar", "archlib", "archlibexp", "archname64", "archname", "archobjs", "asctime_r_proto", "awk"
b "baserev", "bash", "bin", "binexp", "bison", "byacc", "byteorder"
c "c", "castflags", "cat", "cc", "cccdlflags", "ccdlflags", "ccflags", "ccflags_uselargefiles", "ccname", "ccsymbols", "ccversion",
"cf_by", "cf_email", "cf_time", "charsize", "chgrp", "chmod", "chown", "clocktype", "comm", "compress", "contains", "cp", "cpio",
"cpp", "cpp_stuff", "cppccsymbols", "cppflags", "cpplast", "cppminus", "cpprun", "cppstdin", "cppsymbols", "crypt_r_proto",
"cryptlib", "csh", "ctermid_r_proto", "ctime_r_proto"
d "d__fwalk", "d_access", "d_accessx", "d_alarm", "d_archlib", "d_asctime_r", "d_atolf", "d_atoll", "d_attribut", "d_bcmp",
"d_bcopy", "d_bsd", "d_bsdgetpgrp", "d_bsdsetpgrp", "d_bzero", "d_casti32", "d_castneg", "d_charvspr", "d_chown", "d_chroot",
"d_chsize", "d_class", "d_closedir", "d_cmsghdr_s", "d_const", "d_crypt", "d_crypt_r", "d_csh", "d_ctermid_r", "d_ctime_r",
"d_cuserid", "d_dbl_dig", "d_dbminitproto", "d_difftime", "d_dirfd", "d_dirnamlen", "d_dlerror", "d_dlopen", "d_dlsymun",
"d_dosuid", "d_drand48_r", "d_drand48proto", "d_dup2", "d_eaccess", "d_endgrent", "d_endgrent_r", "d_endhent", "d_endhostent_r",
"d_endnent", "d_endnetent_r", "d_endpent", "d_endprotoent_r", "d_endpwent", "d_endpwent_r", "d_endsent", "d_endservent_r", "d_eofn-
blk", "d_eunice", "d_fchdir", "d_fchmod", "d_fchown", "d_fcntl", "d_fcntl_can_lock", "d_fd_macros", "d_fd_set", "d_fds_bits",
"d_fgetpos", "d_finite", "d_finitel", "d_flexfnam", "d_flock", "d_flockproto", "d_fork", "d_fp_class", "d_fpathconf", "d_fpclass",
"d_fpclassify", "d_fpclassl", "d_fpos64_t", "d_frexpl", "d_fs_data_s", "d_fseeko", "d_fsetpos", "d_fstatfs", "d_fstatvfs",
"d_fsync", "d_ftello", "d_ftime", "d_Gconvert", "d_getcwd", "d_getespwnam", "d_getfsstat", "d_getgrent", "d_getgrent_r", "d_get-
grgid_r", "d_getgrnam_r", "d_getgrps", "d_gethbyaddr", "d_gethbyname", "d_gethent", "d_gethname", "d_gethostbyaddr_r", "d_gethost-
byname_r", "d_gethostent_r", "d_gethostprotos", "d_getitimer", "d_getlogin", "d_getlogin_r", "d_getmnt", "d_getmntent",
"d_getnbyaddr", "d_getnbyname", "d_getnent", "d_getnetbyaddr_r", "d_getnetbyname_r", "d_getnetent_r", "d_getnetprotos", "d_get-
pagsz", "d_getpbyname", "d_getpbynumber", "d_getpent", "d_getpgid", "d_getpgrp2", "d_getpgrp", "d_getppid", "d_getprior", "d_get-
protobyname_r", "d_getprotobynumber_r", "d_getprotoent_r", "d_getprotoprotos", "d_getprpwnam", "d_getpwent", "d_getpwent_r",
"d_getpwnam_r", "d_getpwuid_r", "d_getsbyname", "d_getsbyport", "d_getsent", "d_getservbyname_r", "d_getservbyport_r", "d_getser-
vent_r", "d_getservprotos", "d_getspnam", "d_getspnam_r", "d_gettimeod", "d_gmtime_r", "d_gnulibc", "d_grpasswd", "d_hasmntopt",
"d_htonl", "d_index", "d_inetaton", "d_int64_t", "d_isascii", "d_isfinite", "d_isinf", "d_isnan", "d_isnanl", "d_killpg",
"d_lchown", "d_ldbl_dig", "d_link", "d_localtime_r", "d_locconv", "d_lockf", "d_longdbl", "d_longlong", "d_lseekproto", "d_lstat",
"d_madvise", "d_mblen", "d_mbstowcs", "d_mbtowc", "d_memchr", "d_memcmp", "d_memcpy", "d_memmove", "d_memset", "d_mkdir",
"d_mkdtemp", "d_mkfifo", "d_mkstemp", "d_mkstemps", "d_mktime", "d_mmap", "d_modfl", "d_modfl_pow32_bug", "d_mprotect", "d_msg",
"d_msg_ctrunc", "d_msg_dontroute", "d_msg_oob", "d_msg_peek", "d_msg_proxy", "d_msgctl", "d_msgget", "d_msghdr_s", "d_msgrcv",
"d_msgsnd", "d_msync", "d_munmap", "d_mymalloc", "d_nice", "d_nl_langinfo", "d_nv_preserves_uv", "d_off64_t", "d_old_pthread_cre-
ate_joinable", "d_oldpthreads", "d_oldsock", "d_open3", "d_pathconf", "d_pause", "d_perl_otherlibdirs", "d_phostname", "d_pipe",
"d_poll", "d_portable", "d_PRId64", "d_PRIeldbl", "d_PRIEUldbl", "d_PRIfldbl", "d_PRIFUldbl", "d_PRIgldbl", "d_PRIGUldbl",
"d_PRIi64", "d_PRIo64", "d_PRIu64", "d_PRIx64", "d_PRIXU64", "d_procselfexe", "d_pthread_atfork", "d_pthread_yield", "d_pwage",
"d_pwchange", "d_pwclass", "d_pwcomment", "d_pwexpire", "d_pwgecos", "d_pwpasswd", "d_pwquota", "d_qgcvt", "d_quad", "d_random_r",
"d_readdir64_r", "d_readdir", "d_readdir_r", "d_readlink", "d_readv", "d_recvmsg", "d_rename", "d_rewinddir", "d_rmdir",
"d_safebcpy", "d_safemcpy", "d_sanemcmp", "d_sbrkproto", "d_sched_yield", "d_scm_rights", "d_SCNfldbl", "d_seekdir", "d_select",
"d_sem", "d_semctl", "d_semctl_semid_ds", "d_semctl_semun", "d_semget", "d_semop", "d_sendmsg", "d_setegid", "d_seteuid", "d_set-
grent", "d_setgrent_r", "d_setgrps", "d_sethent", "d_sethostent_r", "d_setitimer", "d_setlinebuf", "d_setlocale", "d_setlocale_r",
"d_setnent", "d_setnetent_r", "d_setpent", "d_setpgid", "d_setpgrp2", "d_setpgrp", "d_setprior", "d_setproctitle", "d_setpro-
toent_r", "d_setpwent", "d_setpwent_r", "d_setregid", "d_setresgid", "d_setresuid", "d_setreuid", "d_setrgid", "d_setruid", "d_set-
sent", "d_setservent_r", "d_setsid", "d_setvbuf", "d_sfio", "d_shm", "d_shmat", "d_shmatprototype", "d_shmctl", "d_shmdt",
"d_shmget", "d_sigaction", "d_sigprocmask", "d_sigsetjmp", "d_sockatmark", "d_sockatmarkproto", "d_socket", "d_socklen_t", "d_sock-
pair", "d_socks5_init", "d_sqrtl", "d_srand48_r", "d_srandom_r", "d_sresgproto", "d_sresuproto", "d_statblks", "d_statfs_f_flags",
"d_statfs_s", "d_statvfs", "d_stdio_cnt_lval", "d_stdio_ptr_lval", "d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt", "d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt",
"d_stdio_stream_array", "d_stdiobase", "d_stdstdio", "d_strchr", "d_strcoll", "d_strctcpy", "d_strerrm", "d_strerror", "d_str-
error_r", "d_strftime", "d_strtod", "d_strtol", "d_strtold", "d_strtoll", "d_strtoq", "d_strtoul", "d_strtoull", "d_strtouq",
"d_strxfrm", "d_suidsafe", "d_symlink", "d_syscall", "d_syscallproto", "d_sysconf", "d_sysernlst", "d_syserrlst", "d_system",
"d_tcgetpgrp", "d_tcsetpgrp", "d_telldir", "d_telldirproto", "d_time", "d_times", "d_tm_tm_gmtoff", "d_tm_tm_zone", "d_tmpnam_r",
"d_truncate", "d_ttyname_r", "d_tzname", "d_u32align", "d_ualarm", "d_umask", "d_uname", "d_union_semun", "d_unordered",
"d_usleep", "d_usleepproto", "d_ustat", "d_vendorarch", "d_vendorbin", "d_vendorlib", "d_vfork", "d_void_closedir", "d_voidsig",
"d_voidtty", "d_volatile", "d_vprintf", "d_wait4", "d_waitpid", "d_wcstombs", "d_wctomb", "d_writev", "d_xenix", "date",
"db_hashtype", "db_prefixtype", "db_version_major", "db_version_minor", "db_version_patch", "defvoidused", "direntrytype", "dlext",
"dlsrc", "doublesize", "drand01", "drand48_r_proto", "dynamic_ext"
e "eagain", "ebcdic", "echo", "egrep", "emacs", "endgrent_r_proto", "endhostent_r_proto", "endnetent_r_proto", "endprotoent_r_proto",
"endpwent_r_proto", "endservent_r_proto", "eunicefix", "exe_ext", "expr", "extensions", "extras"
f "fflushall", "fflushNULL", "find", "firstmakefile", "flex", "fpossize", "fpostype", "freetype", "from", "full_ar", "full_csh",
"full_sed"
g "gccosandvers", "gccversion", "getgrent_r_proto", "getgrgid_r_proto", "getgrnam_r_proto", "gethostbyaddr_r_proto", "gethostby-
name_r_proto", "gethostent_r_proto", "getlogin_r_proto", "getnetbyaddr_r_proto", "getnetbyname_r_proto", "getnetent_r_proto", "get-
protobyname_r_proto", "getprotobynumber_r_proto", "getprotoent_r_proto", "getpwent_r_proto", "getpwnam_r_proto", "getp-
wuid_r_proto", "getservbyname_r_proto", "getservbyport_r_proto", "getservent_r_proto", "getspnam_r_proto", "gidformat", "gidsign",
"gidsize", "gidtype", "glibpth", "gmake", "gmtime_r_proto", "gnulibc_version", "grep", "groupcat", "groupstype", "gzip"
h "h_fcntl", "h_sysfile", "hint", "hostcat"
i "i16size", "i16type", "i32size", "i32type", "i64size", "i64type", "i8size", "i8type", "i_arpainet", "i_bsdioctl", "i_crypt",
"i_db", "i_dbm", "i_dirent", "i_dld", "i_dlfcn", "i_fcntl", "i_float", "i_fp", "i_fp_class", "i_gdbm", "i_grp", "i_ieeefp", "i_int-
types", "i_langinfo", "i_libutil", "i_limits", "i_locale", "i_machcthr", "i_malloc", "i_math", "i_memory", "i_mntent", "i_ndbm",
"i_netdb", "i_neterrno", "i_netinettcp", "i_niin", "i_poll", "i_prot", "i_pthread", "i_pwd", "i_rpcsvcdbm", "i_sfio", "i_sgtty",
"i_shadow", "i_socks", "i_stdarg", "i_stddef", "i_stdlib", "i_string", "i_sunmath", "i_sysaccess", "i_sysdir", "i_sysfile", "i_sys-
filio", "i_sysin", "i_sysioctl", "i_syslog", "i_sysmman", "i_sysmode", "i_sysmount", "i_sysndir", "i_sysparam", "i_sysresrc",
"i_syssecrt", "i_sysselct", "i_syssockio", "i_sysstat", "i_sysstatfs", "i_sysstatvfs", "i_systime", "i_systimek", "i_systimes",
"i_systypes", "i_sysuio", "i_sysun", "i_sysutsname", "i_sysvfs", "i_syswait", "i_termio", "i_termios", "i_time", "i_unistd",
"i_ustat", "i_utime", "i_values", "i_varargs", "i_varhdr", "i_vfork", "ignore_versioned_solibs", "inc_version_list", "inc_ver-
sion_list_init", "incpath", "inews", "installarchlib", "installbin", "installman1dir", "installman3dir", "installprefix", "install-
prefixexp", "installprivlib", "installscript", "installsitearch", "installsitebin", "installsitelib", "installstyle", "installus-
rbinperl", "installvendorarch", "installvendorbin", "installvendorlib", "intsize", "issymlink", "ivdformat", "ivsize", "ivtype"
k "known_extensions", "ksh"
l "ld", "lddlflags", "ldflags", "ldflags_uselargefiles", "ldlibpthname", "less", "lib_ext", "libc", "libperl", "libpth", "libs",
"libsdirs", "libsfiles", "libsfound", "libspath", "libswanted", "libswanted_uselargefiles", "line", "lint", "lkflags", "ln", "lns",
"localtime_r_proto", "locincpth", "loclibpth", "longdblsize", "longlongsize", "longsize", "lp", "lpr", "ls", "lseeksize", "lseek-
type"
m "mail", "mailx", "make", "make_set_make", "mallocobj", "mallocsrc", "malloctype", "man1dir", "man1direxp", "man1ext", "man3dir",
"man3direxp", "man3ext"
M "Mcc", "mips_type", "mkdir", "mmaptype", "modetype", "more", "multiarch", "mv", "myarchname", "mydomain", "myhostname", "myuname"
n "n", "need_va_copy", "netdb_hlen_type", "netdb_host_type", "netdb_name_type", "netdb_net_type", "nm", "nm_opt", "nm_so_opt",
"nonxs_ext", "nroff", "nv_preserves_uv_bits", "nveformat", "nvEUformat", "nvfformat", "nvFUformat", "nvgformat", "nvGUformat",
"nvsize", "nvtype"
o "o_nonblock", "obj_ext", "old_pthread_create_joinable", "optimize", "orderlib", "osname", "osvers", "otherlibdirs"
p "package", "pager", "passcat", "patchlevel", "path_sep", "perl5", "perl", "perl_patchlevel"
P "PERL_REVISION", "PERL_SUBVERSION", "PERL_VERSION", "perladmin", "perllibs", "perlpath", "pg", "phostname", "pidtype", "plibpth",
"pm_apiversion", "pmake", "pr", "prefix", "prefixexp", "privlib", "privlibexp", "procselfexe", "prototype", "ptrsize"
q "quadkind", "quadtype"
r "randbits", "randfunc", "random_r_proto", "randseedtype", "ranlib", "rd_nodata", "readdir64_r_proto", "readdir_r_proto", "revi-
sion", "rm", "rmail", "run", "runnm"
s "sched_yield", "scriptdir", "scriptdirexp", "sed", "seedfunc", "selectminbits", "selecttype", "sendmail", "setgrent_r_proto",
"sethostent_r_proto", "setlocale_r_proto", "setnetent_r_proto", "setprotoent_r_proto", "setpwent_r_proto", "setservent_r_proto",
"sh", "shar", "sharpbang", "shmattype", "shortsize", "shrpenv", "shsharp", "sig_count", "sig_name", "sig_name_init", "sig_num",
"sig_num_init", "sig_size", "signal_t", "sitearch", "sitearchexp", "sitebin", "sitebinexp", "sitelib", "sitelib_stem", "sitelib-
exp", "siteprefix", "siteprefixexp", "sizesize", "sizetype", "sleep", "smail", "so", "sockethdr", "socketlib", "socksizetype",
"sort", "spackage", "spitshell", "sPRId64", "sPRIeldbl", "sPRIEUldbl", "sPRIfldbl", "sPRIFUldbl", "sPRIgldbl", "sPRIGUldbl",
"sPRIi64", "sPRIo64", "sPRIu64", "sPRIx64", "sPRIXU64", "srand48_r_proto", "srandom_r_proto", "src", "sSCNfldbl", "ssizetype",
"startperl", "startsh", "static_ext", "stdchar", "stdio_base", "stdio_bufsiz", "stdio_cnt", "stdio_filbuf", "stdio_ptr",
"stdio_stream_array", "strerror_r_proto", "strings", "submit", "subversion", "sysman"
t "tail", "tar", "targetarch", "tbl", "tee", "test", "timeincl", "timetype", "tmpnam_r_proto", "to", "touch", "tr", "trnl", "troff",
"ttyname_r_proto"
u "u16size", "u16type", "u32size", "u32type", "u64size", "u64type", "u8size", "u8type", "uidformat", "uidsign", "uidsize", "uidtype",
"uname", "uniq", "uquadtype", "use5005threads", "use64bitall", "use64bitint", "usecrosscompile", "usedl", "useithreads", "uselarge-
files", "uselongdouble", "usemorebits", "usemultiplicity", "usemymalloc", "usenm", "useopcode", "useperlio", "useposix", "usereen-
trant", "usesfio", "useshrplib", "usesocks", "usethreads", "usevendorprefix", "usevfork", "usrinc", "uuname", "uvoformat",
"uvsize", "uvtype", "uvuformat", "uvxformat", "uvXUformat"
v "vendorarch", "vendorarchexp", "vendorbin", "vendorbinexp", "vendorlib", "vendorlib_stem", "vendorlibexp", "vendorprefix", "vendor-
prefixexp", "version", "version_patchlevel_string", "versiononly", "vi", "voidflags"
x "xlibpth", "xs_apiversion"
y "yacc", "yaccflags"
z "zcat", "zip"
NOTE
Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
getcwd and friends
getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
abs_path and friends
abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
$ENV{PWD}
NOTES
SEE ALSO
DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, subject to change)
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Global Variables
$DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
@DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
$DB::lineno
API Methods
CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'), CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(),
CLIENT->done()
Client Callback Methods
CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(), CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING),
CLIENT->cleanup(), CLIENT->output(LIST)
BUGS
AUTHOR
DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
DB_HASH, DB_BTREE, DB_RECNO
Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
Interface to Berkeley DB
Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
Default Parameters
In Memory Databases
DB_HASH
A Simple Example
DB_BTREE
Changing the BTREE sort order
Handling Duplicate Keys
The get_dup() Method
The find_dup() Method
The del_dup() Method
Matching Partial Keys
DB_RECNO
The 'bval' Option
A Simple Example
Extra RECNO Methods
$X->push(list) ;, $value = $X->pop ;, $X->shift, $X->unshift(list) ;, $X->length, $X->splice(offset, length, elements);
Another Example
THE API INTERFACE
$status = $X->get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;, $status = $X->put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;, $status = $X->del($key [, $flags]) ;, $sta-
tus = $X->fd ;, $status = $X->seq($key, $value, $flags) ;, $status = $X->sync([$flags]) ;
DBM FILTERS
filter_store_key, filter_store_value, filter_fetch_key, filter_fetch_value
The Filter
An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
Another Example -- Key is a C int.
HINTS AND TIPS
Locking: The Trouble with fd
Safe ways to lock a database
Tie::DB_Lock, Tie::DB_LockFile, DB_File::Lock
Sharing Databases With C Applications
The untie() Gotcha
COMMON QUESTIONS
Why is there Perl source in my database?
How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
REFERENCES
HISTORY
BUGS
AVAILABILITY
COPYRIGHT
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both printing and "eval"
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Methods
PACKAGE->new(ARRAYREF [, ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Dump or PACKAGE->Dump(ARRAYREF [, ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Seen([HASHREF]), $OBJ->Val-
ues([ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Names([ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Reset
Functions
Dumper(LIST)
Configuration Variables or Methods
$Data::Dumper::Indent or $OBJ->Indent([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Purity or $OBJ->Purity([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Pad or
$OBJ->Pad([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Varname or $OBJ->Varname([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Useqq or $OBJ->Useqq([NEWVAL]),
$Data::Dumper::Terse or $OBJ->Terse([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Freezer or $OBJ->Freezer([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Toaster or
$OBJ->Toaster([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy or $OBJ->Deepcopy([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys or
$OBJ->Quotekeys([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Bless or $OBJ->Bless([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth or $OBJ->Maxdepth([NEWVAL]),
$Data::Dumper::Useperl or $OBJ->Useperl([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys or $OBJ->Sortkeys([NEWVAL]),
$Data::Dumper::Deparse or $OBJ->Deparse([NEWVAL])
Exports
Dumper
EXAMPLES
BUGS
AUTHOR
VERSION
SEE ALSO
Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
PROFILE FORMAT
AUTOLOAD
ENVIRONMENT
BUGS
SEE ALSO
Devel::PPPort, Perl/Pollution/Portability
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
WriteFile
ppport.h
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Runtime debugging
Memory footprint debugging
EXAMPLES
A simple scalar string
A simple scalar number
A simple scalar with an extra reference
A reference to a simple scalar
A reference to an array
A reference to a hash
Dumping a large array or hash
A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
A reference to a subroutine
EXPORTS
BUGS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
binary, hex, base64
OO INTERFACE
$ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx = Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset,
$ctx->add($data,...), $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONS
md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
METHODS
$md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...), $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
EXAMPLES
SEE ALSO
COPYRIGHT
AUTHORS
DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTES
Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Creation
"arrayDepth", "hashDepth", "compactDump", "veryCompact", "globPrint", "dumpDBFiles", "dumpPackages", "dumpReused", "tick", "quote-
HighBit", "printUndef", "usageOnly", unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit, stopDbSignal
Methods
dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
@dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs, @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expand-
spec(), dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(), dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(),
dl_install_xsub(), bootstrap()
AUTHOR
DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
Encode - character encodings
SYNOPSIS
Table of Contents
DESCRIPTION
TERMINOLOGY
PERL ENCODING API
$octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING, $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC,
TO_ENC [, CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [, CHECK]);
Listing available encodings
Defining Aliases
Encoding via PerlIO
Handling Malformed Data
CHECK = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), CHECK = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1), CHECK = Encode::FB_QUIET, CHECK = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode
(CHECK = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (CHECK = Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (CHECK = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The bit-
mask
Unimplemented fallback schemes
Defining Encodings
The UTF-8 flag
Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
Messing with Perl's Internals
is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
SEE ALSO
MAINTAINER
Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code reference, e.g.:
Alias overloading
SEE ALSO
Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTES
BUGS
SEE ALSO
Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Methods you should implement
->encode($string [,$check]), ->decode($octets [,$check])
Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
->name, ->new_sequence, ->perlio_ok(), ->needs_lines()
Example: Encode::ROT13
Why the heck Encode API is different?
Compiled Encodings
SEE ALSO
Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT
DESCRIPTION
Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects, Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data), guess_encod-
ing($data, [, list of suspects])
CAVEATS
TO DO
SEE ALSO
Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT
DESCRIPTION
Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
BUGS
SEE ALSO
Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
SEE ALSO
Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
SEE ALSO
Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
Overview
How does it work?
BUGS
Workaround
How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
SEE ALSO
Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
DESCRIPTION
Encoding Names
Supported Encodings
Built-in Encodings
Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea, Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese
via CPAN, Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
Miscellaneous encodings
Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
Unsupported encodings
ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
Microsoft-related naming mess
KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
Glossary
character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2,
Unicode, UTF, UTF-16
See Also
References
ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq "ISO-2022"), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO, RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
Other Notable Sites
czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org: "Introduction to i18n"
Offline sources
"CJKV Information Processing" by Ken Lunde
Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTES
BUGS
SEE ALSO
Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT
<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
Size, Endianness, and BOM
by size
by endianness
BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
Surrogate Pairs
SEE ALSO
Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code reference, e.g.:
Alias overloading
SEE ALSO
Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Methods you should implement
->encode($string [,$check]), ->decode($octets [,$check])
Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
->name, ->new_sequence, ->perlio_ok(), ->needs_lines()
Example: Encode::ROT13
Why the heck Encode API is different?
Compiled Encodings
SEE ALSO
Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT
DESCRIPTION
Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects, Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data), guess_encod-
ing($data, [, list of suspects])
CAVEATS
TO DO
SEE ALSO
Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
SEE ALSO
Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
Overview
How does it work?
BUGS
Workaround
How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
SEE ALSO
Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
DESCRIPTION
Encoding Names
Supported Encodings
Built-in Encodings
Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea, Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese
via CPAN, Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
Miscellaneous encodings
Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
Unsupported encodings
ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
Microsoft-related naming mess
KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
Glossary
character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2,
Unicode, UTF, UTF-16
See Also
References
ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq "ISO-2022"), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO, RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
Other Notable Sites
czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org: "Introduction to i18n"
Offline sources
"CJKV Information Processing" by Ken Lunde
Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
SYNOPSIS
use Encode::Encoder;
# Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data);
Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
# shortcut
use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
# you can stack them!
encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined
# you can use it as a decoder as well
encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
# stringified
print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1
# numified
encoder("x{abcd}x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)
ABSTRACT
Description
Predefined Methods
$e = Encode::Encoder->new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(), $e->data([$data]), $e->encoding([$encoding]), $e->bytes([$encoding])
Example: base64 transcoder
Operator Overloading
SEE ALSO
Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT
USAGE
use encoding [ENCNAME] ;, use encoding ENCNAME [ STDIN => ENCNAME_IN ...] ;, no encoding;
CAVEATS
NOT SCOPED
DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option
use encoding ENCNAME Filter=>1;
EXAMPLE - Greekperl
KNOWN PROBLEMS
SEE ALSO
Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
SYNOPSIS
use Encode::Encoder;
# Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data);
Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
# shortcut
use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
# you can stack them!
encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined
# you can use it as a decoder as well
encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
# stringified
print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1
# numified
encoder("x{abcd}x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)
ABSTRACT
Description
Predefined Methods
$e = Encode::Encoder->new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(), $e->data([$data]), $e->encoding([$encoding]), $e->bytes([$encoding])
Example: base64 transcoder
Operator Overloading
SEE ALSO
English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
PERFORMANCE
Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
LIMITATIONS
AUTHOR
Errno - System errno constants
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CAVEATS
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
How to Export
Selecting What To Export
How to Import
"use ModuleName;", "use ModuleName ();", "use ModuleName qw(...);"
Advanced features
Specialised Import Lists
Exporting without using Exporter's import method
Module Version Checking
Managing Unknown Symbols
Tag Handling Utility Functions
Generating combined tags
"AUTOLOAD"ed Constants
Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
cat
eqtime src dst
rm_rf files...
rm_f files...
touch files ..
mv source... destination
cp source... destination
chmod mode files..
mkpath directory..
test_f file
BUGS
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
test_harness
ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
USAGE
IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
FUNCTIONS
C_stringify NAME
perl_stringify NAME
constant_types
memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
return_clause
switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
params WHAT
dump_names
dogfood
C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item def_post, utf8
XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
WriteMakefileSnippet
WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE => VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE, BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
AUTHOR
ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
@EXPORT
FUNCTIONS
xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(), ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules),
xsi_body(@modules)
EXAMPLES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
USAGE
FUNCTIONS
new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(), packlist(), version()
EXAMPLE
AUTHOR
ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For dynamic extensions at load time
EXTRALIBS
LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
BSLOADLIBS
PORTABILITY
VMS implementation
Win32 implementation
SEE ALSO
ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform agnostic MM methods
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Inherently Cross-Platform Methods
File::Spec wrappers DEPRECATED
canonpath
catdir
catfile
curdir
file_name_is_absolute
path
rootdir
updir
Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods
test_via_harness
test_via_script
AUTHOR
ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
perl_archive
ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Overridden methods
replace_manpage_separator
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
maybe_command
guess_name
macify
patternify
init_main
init_others
init_dirscan
libscan (o)
constants (o)
static (o)
dlsyms (o)
dynamic (o)
clean (o)
realclean (o)
rulez (o)
processPL (o)
ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
constants (o)
static_lib (o)
dynamic_lib (o)
ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS
perl_archive_after
ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Overridden methods
replace_manpage_separator
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS
SelfLoaded methods
c_o (o)
cflags (o)
clean (o)
const_cccmd (o)
const_config (o)
const_loadlibs (o)
constants (o)
depend (o)
dir_target (o)
dist (o)
dist_basics (o)
dist_ci (o)
dist_core (o)
dist_dir
dist_test
dlsyms (o)
dynamic (o)
dynamic_bs (o)
dynamic_lib (o)
exescan
extliblist
find_perl
find_tests
Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
fixin
force (o)
guess_name
has_link_code
init_dirscan
init_main
init_others
init_INST
init_INSTALL
init_lib2arch
init_PERL
init_PERM
install (o)
installbin (o)
libscan (o)
linkext (o)
lsdir
macro (o)
makeaperl (o)
makefile (o)
manifypods (o)
maybe_command
maybe_command_in_dirs
needs_linking (o)
nicetext
parse_abstract
parse_version
pasthru (o)
perl_script
perldepend (o)
perm_rw (o)
perm_rwx (o)
pm_to_blib
post_constants (o)
post_initialize (o)
postamble (o)
ppd
prefixify
processPL (o)
quote_paren
realclean (o)
replace_manpage_separator
static (o)
static_lib (o)
staticmake (o)
subdir_x (o)
subdirs (o)
test (o)
test_via_harness (override)
test_via_script (override)
tool_autosplit (o)
tools_other (o)
tool_xsubpp (o)
top_targets (o)
writedoc
xs_c (o)
xs_cpp (o)
xs_o (o)
perl_archive
perl_archive_after
export_list
SEE ALSO
ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Methods always loaded
wraplist
Methods
guess_name (override)
find_perl (override)
maybe_command (override)
maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
perl_script (override)
replace_manpage_separator
init_main (override)
init_others (override)
constants (override)
cflags (override)
const_cccmd (override)
pm_to_blib (override)
tool_autosplit (override)
tool_sxubpp (override)
xsubpp_version (override)
tools_other (override)
dist (override)
c_o (override)
xs_c (override)
xs_o (override)
top_targets (override)
dlsyms (override)
dynamic_lib (override)
dynamic_bs (override)
static_lib (override)
manifypods (override)
processPL (override)
installbin (override)
subdir_x (override)
clean (override)
realclean (override)
dist_core (override)
dist_test (override)
install (override)
perldepend (override)
makefile (override)
find_tests (override)
test (override)
makeaperl (override)
nicetext (override)
prefixify (override)
ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
constants (o)
static_lib (o)
dynamic_bs (o)
dynamic_lib (o)
perl_script
pm_to_blib
tool_autosplit (override)
tools_other (o)
xs_o (o)
top_targets (o)
manifypods (o)
dist_ci (o)
dist_core (o)
pasthru (o)
ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
How To Write A Makefile.PL
Default Makefile Behaviour
make test
make testdb
make install
PREFIX and LIB attribute
AFS users
Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
Which architecture dependent directory?
Using Attributes and Parameters
ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN, FULLPERLRUNINST, FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTAL-
LARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN,
INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR, INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH, INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB, INSTALLVENDOR-
MAN1DIR, INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB,
LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS,
NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC,
PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PRE-
REQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT, PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPRO-
TOARG, XS_VERSION
Additional lowercase attributes
clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test, tool_autosplit
Overriding MakeMaker Methods
The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
"<MAN3PODS =" ' '>>
Hintsfile support
Distribution Support
make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
Disabling an extension
ENVIRONMENT
PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
MANIFEST.SKIP
EXPORT_OK
GLOBAL VARIABLES
DIAGNOSTICS
"Not in MANIFEST:" file, "Skipping" file, "No such file:" file, "MANIFEST:" $!, "Added to MANIFEST:" file
ENVIRONMENT
PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic extension
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
AUTHOR
REVISION
ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
USAGE
FUNCTIONS
new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
EXAMPLE
AUTHOR
ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
EXPORTED SYMBOLS
File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
EXAMPLES
"basename", "dirname"
File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
HISTORY
File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
RETURN
AUTHOR
File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Special behaviour if "syscopy" is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
RETURN
NOTES
AUTHOR
File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTES
EXPORTS (by request only)
BUGS
AUTHOR
HISTORY
SEE ALSO
File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
find, finddepth
%options
"wanted", "bydepth", "preprocess", "postprocess", "follow", "follow_fast", "follow_skip", "dangling_symlinks", "no_chdir",
"untaint", "untaint_pattern", "untaint_skip"
The wanted function
$File::Find::dir is the current directory name,, $_ is the current filename within that directory, $File::Find::name is the com-
plete pathname to the file
WARNINGS
CAVEAT
$dont_use_nlink, symlinks
NOTES
HISTORY
File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
"GLOB_ERR", "GLOB_LIMIT", "GLOB_MARK", "GLOB_NOCASE", "GLOB_NOCHECK", "GLOB_NOSORT", "GLOB_BRACE", "GLOB_NOMAGIC", "GLOB_QUOTE",
"GLOB_TILDE", "GLOB_CSH", "GLOB_ALPHASORT"
DIAGNOSTICS
"GLOB_NOSPACE", "GLOB_ABEND"
NOTES
AUTHOR
File::Path - create or remove directory trees
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHORS
File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS
canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir, no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join,
splitpath, splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
canonpath()
SEE ALSO
File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Exports
SEE ALSO
File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS
canonpath
catdir()
catfile
curdir
devnull
rootdir
tmpdir
updir
file_name_is_absolute
path
splitpath
splitdir
catpath
abs2rel
rel2abs
AUTHORS
SEE ALSO
canonpath
splitpath
splitdir
catpath
File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec modules
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS
canonpath()
catdir()
catfile
curdir
devnull
rootdir
tmpdir
updir
no_upwards
case_tolerant
file_name_is_absolute
path
join
splitpath
splitdir
catpath()
abs2rel
rel2abs()
SEE ALSO
File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
eliminate_macros
fixpath
Methods always loaded
canonpath (override)
catdir
catfile
curdir (override)
devnull (override)
rootdir (override)
tmpdir (override)
updir (override)
case_tolerant (override)
path (override)
file_name_is_absolute (override)
splitpath (override)
splitdir (override)
catpath (override)
abs2rel (override)
rel2abs (override)
SEE ALSO
File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
devnull
tmpdir
catfile
canonpath
splitpath
splitdir
catpath
Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers
SEE ALSO
File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
PORTABILITY
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONS
tempfile
tempdir
MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
mkstemp
mkstemps
mkdtemp
mktemp
POSIX FUNCTIONS
tmpnam
tmpfile
ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
tempnam
UTILITY FUNCTIONS
unlink0
PACKAGE VARIABLES
safe_level, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
TopSystemUID
WARNING
Temporary files and NFS
HISTORY
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
NOTE
AUTHOR
FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
CAVEATS
BUGS
FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
$fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
SEE ALSO
Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
The Problem
A Solution
Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
All-in-one interface
Filtering only specific components of source code
"code", "executable", "quotelike", "string", "regex", "all"
Filtering only the code parts of source code
Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So
the 'code' component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial filters described in the previous section.
Using Filter::Simple with an explicit "import" subroutine
Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
How it works
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
use Filter::Util::Call
import()
filter() and anonymous sub
$_, $status, filter_read and filter_read_exact, filter_del
EXAMPLES
Example 1: A simple filter.
Example 2: Using the context
Example 3: Using the context within the filter
Example 4: Using filter_del
Filter::Simple
AUTHOR
DATE
FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
KNOWN ISSUES
KNOWN BUGS
AUTHORS
COPYRIGHT
GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AVAILABILITY
BUGS
SEE ALSO
Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Command Line Options, an Introduction
Getting Started with Getopt::Long
Simple options
A little bit less simple options
Mixing command line option with other arguments
Options with values
Options with multiple values
Options with hash values
User-defined subroutines to handle options
Options with multiple names
Case and abbreviations
Summary of Option Specifications
!, +, s, i, o, f, : type [ desttype ], : number [ desttype ], : + [ desttype ]
Advanced Possibilities
Object oriented interface
Thread Safety
Documentation and help texts
Storing options in a hash
Bundling
The lonesome dash
Argument callback
Configuring Getopt::Long
default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt, require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled),
bundling_override (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always (default: disabled), pass_through (default:
disabled), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
Return values and Errors
Legacy
Default destinations
Alternative option starters
Configuration variables
Trouble Shooting
Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not supplied
GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch clustering
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Restricted hashes
lock_keys, unlock_keys
lock_value, unlock_value
lock_hash, unlock_hash
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language tags
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
the function is_language_tag($lang1)
the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
the function super_languages($lang1)
the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
ABOUT LOWERCASING
ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
SEE ALSO
COPYRIGHT
AUTHOR
I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
LIST OF LANGUAGES
{ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} : Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asi-
atic (Other)], {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} : Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic
(Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} : Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} : Arapaho, {arn} : Arauca-
nian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} : Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages], [{aus} : Aus-
tralian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} : Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
{ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} : Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} :
Bantu (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba,
{bn} : Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} : Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian,
{bra} : Braj, {br} : Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} : Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car}
: Carib, {ca} : Catalan, [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)], [{cai} : Central American Indian
(Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} : Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy} : Cheyenne, {chb} :
Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} : Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic, {chk} :
Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} : Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles
and pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
[{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} : Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day}
: Dayak, {i-default} : Default (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi} : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib,
[{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} : Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha, {efi} :
Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite, {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
(ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} : Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} :
Fijian, {fi} : Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm} : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old
French (842-ca.1400), {fy} : Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic, {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda,
{gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez, {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), {goh} : Old High
German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} : Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} : Grebo,
{grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} : Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} :
Hawaiian, {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} : Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} :
Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian, {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo, {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic
(Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)], {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association), {ie} :
Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira} : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} : Old
Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} : Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} :
Judeo-Persian, {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} : Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak,
{kar} : Karen, {ks} : Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese,
{ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu, {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi, {kon} : Kongo, {kok} :
Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} : Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru} : Kurukh,
{kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba, {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} : Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} :
Luiseno, {lun} : Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian, {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} :
Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} : Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu, {mdr} : Mandar, {man} :
Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} : Marshall, {mwr}
: Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men} : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} :
Mossi, [{mul} : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} : Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele,
{nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} : Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} : Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-
Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean, {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami, {no} : Norwegian, {nb} :
Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub} : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro, {nzi} :
Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya, {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Oto-
mian languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} : Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi,
{pap} : Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)],
{phn} : Phoenician, {pon} : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages], {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500),
{ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} : Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan, [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved
for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} : Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan lan-
guages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)], {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit,
{sat} : Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup, [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} :
Serer, {shn} : Shan, {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika, {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit}
: Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} : Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)], {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slove-
nian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} : Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern Sotho, {st} :
Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es} : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} : Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} :
Tajik, {tmh} : Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te} : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th}
: Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig} : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit, {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Toke-
lau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} : Tswana, {tum} : Tum-
buka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi, {uga} :
Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} : Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} :
Venda, {vi} : Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages], {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo,
{cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof, {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut, {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} :
Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} : Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun}
: Zuni
SEE ALSO
COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
AUTHOR
I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXPORT
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
IO - load various IO modules
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
METHODS
open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
SEE ALSO
HISTORY
IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
METHODS
$io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines, $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ),
$io->error, $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ), $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
NOTE
SEE ALSO
BUGS
HISTORY
IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new ( [READER, WRITER] )
METHODS
reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS
mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove ( IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
$io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS,
WHENCE ), $io->tell
SEE ALSO
HISTORY
IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new ( [ HANDLES ] )
METHODS
add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [
TIMEOUT ] ), count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
EXAMPLE
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new ( [ARGS] )
METHODS
accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected, protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, time-
out([VAL])
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new ( [ARGS] )
METHODS
sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost ()
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new ( [ARGS] )
METHODS
hostpath(), peerpath()
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
METHODS
open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
SEE ALSO
HISTORY
IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
METHODS
$io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines, $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ),
$io->error, $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ), $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
NOTE
SEE ALSO
BUGS
HISTORY
IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new ( [READER, WRITER] )
METHODS
reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS
mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove ( IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
$io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS,
WHENCE ), $io->tell
SEE ALSO
HISTORY
IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new ( [ HANDLES ] )
METHODS
add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [
TIMEOUT ] ), count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
EXAMPLE
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new ( [ARGS] )
METHODS
accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected, protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, time-
out([VAL])
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new ( [ARGS] )
METHODS
sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost ()
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new ( [ARGS] )
METHODS
hostpath(), peerpath()
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS
new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd (
TYPE, MSG [, FLAGS ] ), stat
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
WARNING
SEE ALSO
IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error handling
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
WARNING
IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS
new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set (
STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N , VALUE ), stat
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
ftok( PATH, ID )
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
COPYRIGHT
IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS
new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd (
TYPE, MSG [, FLAGS ] ), stat
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS
new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set (
STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N , VALUE ), stat
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
KNOWN BUGS
SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
COPYRIGHT
List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
KNOWN BUGS
SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
COPYRIGHT
List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
KNOWN BUGS
COPYRIGHT
BLATANT PLUG
Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
SEE ALSO
Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
alpha-2, alpha-3, numeric
CONVERSION ROUTINES
code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ), country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
QUERY ROUTINES
"all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )", "all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )"
SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
alias_code
rename_country
EXAMPLES
DOMAIN NAMES
KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
SEE ALSO
Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-ser-
vices/iso3166ma/index.html, http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html, http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/fact-
book/docs/app-d-1.html
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency identification (ISO 4217)
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
XTS, XXX
CONVERSION ROUTINES
code2currency(), currency2code()
QUERY ROUTINES
"all_currency_codes()", "all_currency_names()"
EXAMPLES
KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
SEE ALSO
Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification (ISO 639)
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONVERSION ROUTINES
code2language(), language2code()
QUERY ROUTINES
"all_language_codes()", "all_language_names()"
EXAMPLES
KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
SEE ALSO
Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F), http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
QUICK OVERVIEW
METHODS
Construction Methods
The "maketext" Method
$lh->fail_with or $lh->fail_with(PARAM), $lh->failure_handler_auto
Utility Methods
$language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural,
$negative), $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items), $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
Language Handle Attributes and Internals
LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
BRACKET NOTATION
AUTO LEXICONS
CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
SEE ALSO
COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
AUTHOR
Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
The Linguistic View
Breaking gettext
Replacing gettext
Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
Buzzword: Isomorphism
Buzzword: Inheritance
Buzzword: Concision
The Devil in the Details
The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
References
Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
alpha-2, alpha-3, numeric
SPECIAL CODES
CONVERSION ROUTINES
code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ), script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
QUERY ROUTINES
"all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )", "all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )"
EXAMPLES
KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
SEE ALSO
Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924, http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
DIAGNOSTICS
Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
EXAMPLES
COPYRIGHT
MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable strings
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
COPYRIGHT
MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable strings
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
COPYRIGHT
Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Canonical notation
Output
"mantissa()", "exponent()" and "parts()"
Accuracy vs. Precision
Rounding
ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
EXAMPLES
# not ready yet
Autocreating constants
Math library
Using Math::BigInt::Lite
BUGS
CAVEAT
stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
LICENSE
AUTHORS
Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Canonical notation, Input, Output
METHODS
config
accuracy
brsft
new
bnan
bzero
binf
bone
is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
is_positive()/is_negative()
$x->is_positive(); # true if >= 0
$x->is_negative(); # true if < 0
is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
bcmp
bacmp
sign
bcmp
bneg
babs
bnorm
bnot
binc
bdec
badd
bsub
bmul
bdiv
bmod
bmodinv
bmodpow
bpow
blsft
brsft
band
bior
bxor
bnot
bsqrt
bfac
round
bround
bfround
bfloor
bceil
bgcd
blcm
exponent
mantissa
parts
copy
as_number
bsstr
as_hex
as_bin
ACCURACY and PRECISION
Precision P
Accuracy A
Fallback F
Rounding mode R
'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers,
Usage, Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values, Remarks
INTERNALS
MATH LIBRARY
SIGN
mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
EXAMPLES
use Math::BigInt;
Autocreating constants
PERFORMANCE
Alternative math libraries
SUBCLASSING
Subclassing Math::BigInt
UPGRADING
Auto-upgrade
bsqrt(), div(), blog()
BUGS
Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0
CAVEATS
stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different
object types, bsqrt(), brsft()
LICENSE
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXPORT
WRAP YOUR OWN
LICENSE
This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
AUTHORS
SEE ALSO
Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rationals
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
MATH LIBRARY
METHODS
new()
numerator()
denominator()
$d = $x->denominator();
parts()
as_number()
bfac()
blog()
bround()/round()/bfround()
BUGS
LICENSE
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical functions
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPERATIONS
CREATION
STRINGIFICATION
CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
USAGE
ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
BUGS
AUTHORS
Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
tan
ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
COORDINATE SYSTEMS
3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian, cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian,
spherical_to_cylindrical
GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
EXAMPLES
CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
BUGS
AUTHORS
Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
DETAILS
OPTIONS
INSTALL
NORMALIZER
"SCALAR_CACHE", "LIST_CACHE"
"MEMORY", "HASH", "TIE", "FAULT", "MERGE"
OTHER FACILITIES
"unmemoize"
"flush_cache"
CAVEATS
PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
EXPIRATION SUPPORT
BUGS
MAILING LIST
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
THANK YOU
Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for Storable use
DESCRIPTION
Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of memoized values
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
INTERFACE
TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
ALTERNATIVES
CAVEATS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
DESCRIPTION
Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
DESCRIPTION
Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for Storable use
DESCRIPTION
Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for Storable use
DESCRIPTION
Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
DESCRIPTION
NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
"O_RDONLY", "O_WRONLY", "O_RDWR"
DIAGNOSTICS
"ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ..."
BUGS AND WARNINGS
NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Enforcing redispatch
Avoiding repetitions
AUTHOR
BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
COPYRIGHT
Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
USER METHODS
debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ), dataend ()
CLASS METHODS
debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ... ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ),
getline (), ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
EXPORTS
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
SYNOPSYS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS
requires_firewall HOST
NetConfig VALUES
nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts, time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type,
ftp_ext_passive, ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name and domain
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
Net::FTP - FTP Client class
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OVERVIEW
CONSTRUCTOR
new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
METHODS
login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]), site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS])
binary([ARGS]) ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart
( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ), mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put
( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (),
mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [ DIR
] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [,
DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
Methods for the adventurous
quot (CMD [,ARGS])
THE dataconn CLASS
read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
UNIMPLEMENTED
ALLO, SMNT, HELP, MODE, SYST, STAT, STRU, REIN
REPORTING BUGS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
USE EXAMPLES
http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
CREDITS
COPYRIGHT
Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
METHODS
article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ),
bodyfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE
]), last (), date (), postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [,
DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (), post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
Extension methods
newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (), overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle (
PATTERN ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath ( MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC),
xrover, listgroup ( [ GROUP ] ), reader
UNSUPPORTED
DEFINITIONS
MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, "[^]-]", *bdc, "[0-9a-zA-Z]", "a??d"
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
CONSTRUCTOR
new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
METHODS
user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ]
), get ( MSGNUM [, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit
()
NOTES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Functions
Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->source_verify( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->hires( {
0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
WARNING
NOTES
INSTALL
AUTHORS
COPYRIGHT
Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
CONSTRUCTOR
new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
METHODS
banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME, PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ),
send_or_mail ( ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [,
ADDRESS [...]] ), cc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [ DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify (
ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ), quit ()
ADDRESSES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
NOTE
AUTHOR
Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
DESCRIPTION
Where to get this document
How to contribute to this document
Author and Copyright Information
Disclaimer
Obtaining and installing libnet
What is libnet ?
Which version of perl do I need ?
What other modules do I need ?
What machines support libnet ?
Where can I get the latest libnet release
Using Net::FTP
How do I download files from an FTP server ?
How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server ?
How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside ?
My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP server ?
I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it documented ?
Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
Using Net::SMTP
Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the hostname ?
Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
The verify method always returns true ?
Debugging scripts
How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
NOTE
AUTHOR
Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
AUTHOR
Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
NOTE
AUTHOR
Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
THE .netrc FILE
machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef name
CONSTRUCTOR
lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
METHODS
login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
COPYRIGHT
O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONVENTIONS
IMPLEMENTATION
BUGS
AUTHOR
ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
"O_RDONLY", "O_WRONLY", "O_RDWR"
DIAGNOSTICS
"odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ..."
BUGS AND WARNINGS
Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
WARNING
Operator Names and Operator Lists
an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname or optag, an operator set (opset)
Opcode Functions
opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET), full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset
(OPSET, ...), define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...), opdump (PAT)
Manipulating Opsets
TO DO (maybe)
Predefined Opcode Tags
:base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math, :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse,
:filesys_open, :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided, :dangerous
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
a new namespace, an operator mask
WARNING
RECENT CHANGES
Methods in class Safe
permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...),
share_from (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
Some Safety Issues
Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
AUTHOR
Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
CAVEATS
FUNCTIONS
_exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2, atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir,
chmod, chown, clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime, cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, exe-
cle, execlp, execv, execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror, fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor,
fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf, fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos, fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc,
getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid, getpwnam, getp-
wuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper, isxdigit,
kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, mem-
cpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc,
putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale,
setpgid, setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand,
sscanf, stat, strcat, strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen, strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, str-
rchr, strspn, strstr, strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp,
tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc, unlink, utime,
vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs, wctomb, write
CLASSES
POSIX::SigAction
new
POSIX::SigSet
new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
POSIX::Termios
new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag, getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed,
setlflag, setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field
values, c_lflag field values, c_oflag field values
PATHNAME CONSTANTS
Constants
POSIX CONSTANTS
Constants
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
Constants
ERRNO
Constants
FCNTL
Constants
FLOAT
Constants
LIMITS
Constants
LOCALE
Constants
MATH
Constants
SIGNAL
Constants
STAT
Constants, Macros
STDLIB
Constants
STDIO
Constants
TIME
Constants
UNISTD
Constants
WAIT
Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED, WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::* name space
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, bytes, raw, pop
Alternatives to raw
Defaults and how to override them
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
PerlIO::scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXPECTED METHODS
$class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]), $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]), $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]),
$obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]), $obj->FILENO($fh), $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
$obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh), $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
$obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
EXAMPLES
Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
COPYRIGHT
Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
SYNOPSIS
OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
podchecker()
-warnings => val
DESCRIPTION
DIAGNOSTICS
Errors
empty =headn, =over on line N without closing =back, =item without previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for
=begin, =end without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification, unresolved internal link NAME, Unknown command
"CMD", Unknown interior-sequence "SEQ", nested commands CMD<...CMD<...>...>, garbled entity STRING, Entity number out of range,
malformed link L<>, nonempty Z<>, empty X<>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s) after =back
Warnings
multiple occurrence of link target name, line containing nothing but whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, pre-
vious =item has no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (one vs. two), N unescaped "<>" in paragraph,
Unknown entity, No items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph, Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
Hyperlinks
ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page' deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or
/
RETURN VALUE
EXAMPLES
INTERFACE
"Pod::Checker->new( %options )"
"$checker->poderror( @args )", "$checker->poderror( {%opts}, @args )"
"$checker->num_errors()"
"$checker->name()"
"$checker->node()"
"$checker->idx()"
"$checker->hyperlink()"
AUTHOR
Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
"pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )"
"-verbose => 1", "-perl => 1", "-script => 1", "-inc => 1"
"simplify_name( $str )"
"pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )"
"-inc => 1", "-dirs => [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]", "-verbose => 1"
"contains_pod( $file , $verbose )"
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
ARGUMENTS
backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index, infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet,
recurse, title, verbose
EXAMPLE
ENVIRONMENT
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
COPYRIGHT
Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc.
SYNOPSIS
REQUIRES
EXPORTS
DESCRIPTION
package Pod::InputSource, package Pod::Paragraph, package Pod::InteriorSequence, package Pod::ParseTree
Pod::InputSource
new()
name()
handle()
was_cutting()
Pod::Paragraph
Pod::Paragraph->new()
$pod_para->cmd_name()
$pod_para->text()
$pod_para->raw_text()
$pod_para->cmd_prefix()
$pod_para->cmd_separator()
$pod_para->parse_tree()
$pod_para->file_line()
Pod::InteriorSequence
Pod::InteriorSequence->new()
$pod_seq->cmd_name()
$pod_seq->prepend()
$pod_seq->append()
$pod_seq->nested()
$pod_seq->raw_text()
$pod_seq->left_delimiter()
$pod_seq->right_delimiter()
$pod_seq->parse_tree()
$pod_seq->file_line()
Pod::InteriorSequence::DESTROY()
Pod::ParseTree
Pod::ParseTree->new()
$ptree->top()
$ptree->children()
$ptree->prepend()
$ptree->append()
$ptree->raw_text()
Pod::ParseTree::DESTROY()
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OBJECT METHODS
"initialize"
Data Accessors
AddPreamble
AddPostamble
Head1Level
Label
LevelNoNum
MakeIndex
ReplaceNAMEwithSection
StartWithNewPage
TableOfContents
UniqueLabels
UserPreamble
UserPostamble
Lists
Subclassed methods
begin_pod
end_pod
command
verbatim
textblock
interior_sequence
List Methods
begin_list
end_list
add_item
Methods for headings
head
Internal methods
_output
_replace_special_chars
_replace_special_chars_late
_create_label
_create_index
_clean_latex_commands
_split_delimited
NOTES
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
COPYRIGHT
REVISION
Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes, release, section
DIAGNOSTICS
roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s",
%s:%d: Unknown escape E<%s>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched =back
BUGS
CAVEATS
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
Pod::ParseLink - Parse an L<> formatting code in POD text
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Pod::List
Pod::List->new()
$list->file()
$list->start()
$list->indent()
$list->type()
$list->rx()
$list->item()
$list->parent()
$list->tag()
Pod::Hyperlink
Pod::Hyperlink->new()
$link->parse($string)
$link->markup($string)
$link->text()
$link->warning()
$link->file(), $link->line()
$link->page()
$link->node()
$link->alttext()
$link->type()
$link->link()
Pod::Cache
Pod::Cache->new()
$cache->item()
$cache->find_page($name)
Pod::Cache::Item
Pod::Cache::Item->new()
$cacheitem->page()
$cacheitem->description()
$cacheitem->path()
$cacheitem->file()
$cacheitem->nodes()
$cacheitem->find_node($name)
$cacheitem->idx()
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
SYNOPSIS
REQUIRES
EXPORTS
DESCRIPTION
QUICK OVERVIEW
PARSING OPTIONS
-want_nonPODs (default: unset), -process_cut_cmd (default: unset), -warnings (default: unset)
RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
command()
$cmd, $text, $line_num, $pod_para
verbatim()
$text, $line_num, $pod_para
textblock()
$text, $line_num, $pod_para
interior_sequence()
OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
new()
initialize()
begin_pod()
begin_input()
end_input()
end_pod()
preprocess_line()
preprocess_paragraph()
METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
parse_text()
-expand_seq => code-ref|method-name, -expand_text => code-ref|method-name, -expand_ptree => code-ref|method-name
interpolate()
parse_paragraph()
parse_from_filehandle()
parse_from_file()
ACCESSOR METHODS
errorsub()
cutting()
parseopts()
output_file()
output_handle()
input_file()
input_handle()
input_streams()
top_stream()
PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
_push_input_stream()
_pop_input_stream()
TREE-BASED PARSING
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXPORT
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from input
SYNOPSIS
REQUIRES
EXPORTS
DESCRIPTION
SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
OBJECT METHODS
curr_headings()
select()
add_selection()
clear_selections()
match_section()
is_selected()
EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
podselect()
-output, -sections, -ranges
PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
_compile_section_spec()
$self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
$self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
alt, code, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
DIAGNOSTICS
Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command
paragraph: %s, %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d: Unmatched =back
RESTRICTIONS
NOTES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike text
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
Pod::Text::Termcap - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod documentation
SYNOPSIS
ARGUMENTS
"-message", "-msg", "-exitval", "-verbose", "-output", "-input", "-pathlist"
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
Recommended Use
CAVEATS
AUTHOR
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Pod::t::basic, basic.pod - Test of various basic POD features in translators.
HEADINGS
This "is" a "level 1" heading
``Level'' "2 heading
This "is" a "level 1" heading
``Level'' 2 heading
LINKS
OVER AND ITEMS
This is a test, a, b, a, b, c, d, "foo", bar, "baz", Some longer item text
FORMATTING CODES
&, ', <, >, ", /
VERBATIM
CONCLUSION
Pod::t::htmlescp, Escape Sequences Test
DESCRIPTION
Pod::t::htmlview, Test HTML Rendering
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS => OTHER STUFF
new()
foo, bar, baz, "Black" Cat, Sat on the, Mat<!>, 1 Cat, 2 Sat, 3 Mat
old()
TESTING FOR AND BEGIN
TESTING URLs hyperlinking
SEE ALSO
SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
"O_RDONLY", "O_WRONLY", "O_RDWR"
DIAGNOSTICS
"sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ..."
BUGS AND WARNINGS
Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
a new namespace, an operator mask
WARNING
RECENT CHANGES
Methods in class Safe
permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...),
share_from (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
Some Safety Issues
Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
AUTHOR
Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
KNOWN BUGS
COPYRIGHT
BLATANT PLUG
Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
The __DATA__ token
SelfLoader autoloading
Autoloading and package lexicals
SelfLoader and AutoLoader
__DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
Classes and inherited methods.
Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
AUTHOR
Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST, INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sock-
addr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATH-
NAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
MEMORY STORE
ADVISORY LOCKING
SPEED
CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable
ERROR REPORTING
WIZARDS ONLY
Hooks
"STORABLE_freeze" obj, cloning, "STORABLE_thaw" obj, cloning, serialized, ..
Predicates
"Storable::last_op_in_netorder", "Storable::is_storing", "Storable::is_retrieving"
Recursion
Deep Cloning
Storable magic
EXAMPLES
WARNING
BUGS
64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
CREDITS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
Switch - A switch statement for Perl
VERSION
SYNOPSIS
BACKGROUND
DESCRIPTION
Allowing fall-through
Automating fall-through
Alternative syntax
Higher-order Operations
DEPENDENCIES
AUTHOR
BUGS
LIMITATION
COPYRIGHT
Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args, setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_loca-
tion] (added in 5.004_02), closelog
EXAMPLES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args, setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_loca-
tion] (added in 5.004_02), closelog
EXAMPLES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
DIAGNOSTICS
Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: pos-
sible typo, No comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
ENVIRONMENT
ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
RESTRICTIONS
NOTES
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS
Tgetent, OSPEED, TERM
Tpad, $string, $cnt, $FH
Tputs, $cap, $cnt, $FH
Tgoto, $cap, $col, $row, $FH
Trequire
EXAMPLES
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
<tab>, ^D, ^U, <del>, <bs>
DIAGNOSTICS
BUGS
AUTHOR
Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various "readline" packages. If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Minimal set of supported functions
"ReadLine", "new", "readline", "addhistory", "IN", $"OUT", "MinLine", "findConsole", Attribs, "Features"
Additional supported functions
"tkRunning", "ornaments", "newTTY"
EXPORTS
ENVIRONMENT
CAVEATS
Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Functions
plan
_to_value
ok
TEST TYPES
NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
ONFAIL
BUGS and CAVEATS
NOTE
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Construction
new
Setting up tests
exported_to
plan
expected_tests
no_plan
skip_all
Running tests
ok
is_eq, is_num
isnt_eq, isnt_num
like, unlike
maybe_regex
cmp_ok
BAILOUT
skip
todo_skip
skip_rest
Test style
level
use_numbers
no_header, no_ending
Output
diag
_print
output, failure_output, todo_output
Test Status and Info
current_test
summary
details UNIMPLEMENTED, todo
caller
_sanity_check
_whoa
_my_exit
THREADS
EXAMPLES
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
COPYRIGHT
Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
The test script output
'1..M', 'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?, test numbers, test names, Skipping tests, Todo tests, Bail out!, Comments, Anything else
Taint mode
Configuration variables.
$Test::Harness::verbose, $Test::Harness::switches
Failure
Failed Test, Stat, Wstat, Total, Fail, Failed, List of Failed
Functions
runtests
_all_ok
_globdir
_run_all_tests
_mk_leader
_leader_width
EXPORT
DIAGNOSTICS
"All tests successful.
Files=%d, Tests=%d, %s", "FAILED tests %s
Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.", "Test returned status %d
(wstat %d)", "Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s", "Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay. %s", "FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s"
ENVIRONMENT
"HARNESS_ACTIVE", "HARNESS_COLUMNS", "HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST", "HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR", "HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE", "HARNESS_NOTTY",
"HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES", "HARNESS_VERBOSE"
EXAMPLE
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
TODO
BUGS
Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Functions
assert
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Construction
new
_init
Analysis
analyze
analyze_fh
analyze_file
_switches
_INC2PERL5LIB
_filtered_INC
_restore_PERL5LIB
Parsing
_is_comment
_is_header
_is_test
_is_bail_out
_reset_file_state
Results
_detailize
EXAMPLES
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
I love it when a plan comes together
Test names
I'm ok, you're not ok.
ok
is, isnt
like
unlike
cmp_ok
can_ok
isa_ok
pass, fail
Diagnostics
diag
Module tests
use_ok
require_ok
Conditional tests
SKIP: BLOCK
TODO: BLOCK, todo_skip
When do I use SKIP vs. TODO?
Comparison functions
is_deeply
eq_array
eq_hash
eq_set
Extending and Embedding Test::More
builder
NOTES
BUGS and CAVEATS
Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness upgrades
HISTORY
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
COPYRIGHT
Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
ok
EXAMPLE
CAVEATS
NOTES
HISTORY
SEE ALSO
Test::More, Test, Test::Unit, Test::Inline, SelfTest, Test::Harness
AUTHORS
COPYRIGHT
Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
DESCRIPTION
Nuts and bolts of testing.
Where to start?
Names
Test the manual
Sometimes the tests are wrong
Testing lots of values
Informative names
Skipping tests
Todo tests
Testing with taint mode.
FOOTNOTES
AUTHORS
COPYRIGHT
Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
General behaviour in list contexts
[0], [1], [2]
General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
A note about prefixes
"extract_delimited"
"extract_bracketed"
"extract_tagged"
"reject => $listref", "ignore => $listref", "fail => $str", [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
"gen_extract_tagged"
"extract_quotelike"
[0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
"extract_quotelike" and "here documents"
[0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
"extract_codeblock"
"extract_multiple"
"gen_delimited_pat"
DIAGNOSTICS
C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
"%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
/%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
tag>
AUTHOR
BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
COPYRIGHT
Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
AUTHORS
Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
LIMITATIONS
AUTHOR
Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1)
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
AUTHOR
Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OVERRIDES
EXAMPLE
AUTHOR
Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
CAVEAT
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONS
$thread = Thread->new(&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(&start_sub, LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait
VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
METHODS
join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
LIMITATIONS
SEE ALSO
Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
SEE ALSO
Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably (for old code)
CAVEAT
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count,
EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this,
offset, length, LIST
CAVEATS
AUTHOR
Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
"recsep"
"autochomp"
"mode"
"memory"
"dw_size"
Option Format
Public Methods
"flock"
"autochomp"
"defer", "flush", "discard", and "autodefer"
Tying to an already-opened filehandle
Deferred Writing
Autodeferring
CAVEATS
SUBCLASSING
WHAT ABOUT "DB_File"?
AUTHOR
LICENSE
WARRANTY
THANKS
TODO
Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied handles
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length,
offset, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this, EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence,
DESTROY this
MORE INFORMATION
COMPATIBILITY
Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this,
key, CLEAR this
Inheriting from Tie::StdHash
Inheriting from Tie::ExtraHash
"UNTIE" and "DESTROY"
MORE INFORMATION
Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Inheriting from Tie::Memoize
EXAMPLE
BUGS
AUTHOR
Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
AUTHOR
VERSION
SEE ALSO
Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied scalars
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
MORE INFORMATION
Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CAVEATS
Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval timers
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [, $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer, getitimer ( $which )
EXAMPLES
C API
CAVEATS
AUTHORS
REVISION
COPYRIGHT
Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
IMPLEMENTATION
BUGS
Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
AUTHOR
Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
AUTHOR
Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
$obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD ), CLASS->can( METHOD ), can( VAL, METHOD ), VERSION ( [
REQUIRE ] )
Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Constructor and Tailoring
alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization, overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, ta-
ble, undefName, undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
Methods for Collation
"@sorted = $Collator->sort(@not_sorted)", "$result = $Collator->cmp($a, $b)", "$result = $Collator->eq($a, $b)", "$result = $Colla-
tor->ne($a, $b)", "$result = $Collator->lt($a, $b)", "$result = $Collator->le($a, $b)", "$result = $Collator->gt($a, $b)", "$result
= $Collator->ge($a, $b)", "$sortKey = $Collator->getSortKey($string)", "$sortKeyForm = $Collator->viewSortKey($string)", "$position
= $Collator->index($string, $substring)", "($position, $length) = $Collator->index($string, $substring)"
Other Methods
UCA_Version, Base_Unicode_Version
EXPORT
TODO
CAVEAT
BUGS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/, http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/allkeys.txt, http://www.unicode.org/uni-
code/reports/tr15/, http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr18, Unicode::Normalize
Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Normalization Forms
"$NFD_string = NFD($string)", "$NFC_string = NFC($string)", "$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)", "$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)", "$nor-
malized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)"
Decomposition and Composition
"$decomposed_string = decompose($string)", "$decomposed_string = decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)", "$reordered_string =
reorder($string)", "$composed_string = compose($string)"
Quick Check
"$result = checkNFD($string)", "$result = checkNFC($string)", "$result = checkNFKD($string)", "$result = checkNFKC($string)",
"$result = check($form_name, $string)"
Character Data
"$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)", "$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)", "$codepoint_composite = get-
Composite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)", "$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)", "$is_exclusion = isExclusion($code-
point)", "$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)", "$is_non_startar_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)", "$may_be_com-
posed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)"
EXPORT
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/, http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt
Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
charinfo
charblock
charscript
charblocks
charscripts
Blocks versus Scripts
Matching Scripts and Blocks
Code Point Arguments
charinrange
compexcl
casefold
casespec
Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
Implementation Note
BUGS
AUTHOR
User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
AUTHOR
User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
System Specifics
NOTE
AUTHOR
HISTORY
March 18th, 2000
Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
DESCRIPTION
Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(), Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE), Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE),
Win32::GetArchName(), Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME), Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::Get-
LongPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(), Win32::GetOSName(), Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME),
Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE, PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown, Win32::IsWinNT(),
Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME), Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID, SIDTYPE),
Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE), Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR),
Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they don't all have manual pages yet:
a2p
s2p
find2perl
h2ph
c2ph
h2xs
xsubpp
pod2man
wrapsuid
AUTHOR
Larry Wall <larry@wall.org>, with the help of oodles of other folks.
perl v5.8.0 2003-02-18 PERLTOC(1)