alef(1) [plan9 man page]
ALEF(1) General Commands Manual ALEF(1) NAME
8al, kal, val - ALEF compilers SYNOPSIS
8al [ option ... ] [ file ... ] kal [ option ... ] [ file ... ] val [ option ... ] [ file ... ] DESCRIPTION
ALEF is a concurrent programming language with a syntax like C's. Kal, val and 8al compile the named ALEF source files into SPARC, MIPS and Intel 386 object files. Source files have the extension .l. The ALEF source is passed through cpp(1) prior to compilation. Object files have the normal extension for each architecture: .k for SPARC, .v for MIPS and .8 for 386. Up to $NPROC files will be compiled in parallel. The compiler options are: -o obj Place output in file obj (ignored if there is more than one input file). Default is to take the last element of the input pathname, strip any trailing .l, and append the object file suffix. -a Write no object file, but produce an acid(1) program on standard output, comprising a set of type declarations and functions to print those types. -aa Like -a but suppress output for types and functions declared in header files. -w Print warning messages for non fatal errors. -N Do not run the code optimizer. -c Do not compile code for check statements. -S Produce assembly language instead of object code as output. By default, output goes to a file named by the last element of the input pathname with .l replaced by .s. -Dname=def -Dname Define the name to the preprocessor, as if by If no definition is given, the name is defined as -Idir files whose names do not begin with are always sought first in the directory of the file argument, then in directories named in -I options, then in /sys/include/alef, and finally in /$objtype/include/alef. -dc Produce various forms of debugging. The character c is an alphabetic. The compiler recognizes several #pragma directives. The first, #pragma lib, is the same as in 2c(1). The others have effect only when profiling is turned on by the -p option of the loader (see 2l(1)). The directive #pragma noprofile disables the generation of profiling code for subsequently declared functions; #pragma profile enables it again. The main use of these directives is to avoid the profiling confusion caused by functions that do not explicitly return, such as the task-switching functions in the run-time system. Nonetheless, without support for profiling multi-process programs, it remains difficult to profile Alef programs. EXAMPLE
To compile and run on a SPARC the ALEF program in the current directory: kal -w *.l kl *.k k.out FILES
/sys/include/alef directory for #include files. /$objtype/lib/alef directory for ALEF libraries SOURCE
/sys/src/alef/port machine-independent part /sys/src/alef/8, etc. machine-dependent parts SEE ALSO
acid(1), 2a(1), 2l(1), mk(1), nm(1), db(1) Phil Winterbottom, ``Alef Reference Manual'', and Bob Flandrena, ``Alef User's Guide''. ALEF(1)
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CC(1) General Commands Manual CC(1) NAME
cc - C compiler (2BSD) SYNOPSIS
cc [ option ] ... file ... DESCRIPTION
Cc is the UNIX C compiler. Cc accepts several types of arguments: Arguments whose names end with `.c' are taken to be C source programs; they are compiled, and each object program is left on the file whose name is that of the source with `.o' substituted for `.c'. The `.o' file is normally deleted, however, if a single C program is compiled and loaded all at one go. In the same way, arguments whose names end with `.s' are taken to be assembly source programs and are assembled, producing a `.o' file. The following options are interpreted by cc. See ld(1) for load-time options. -c Suppress the loading phase of the compilation, and force an object file to be produced even if only one program is compiled. -w Suppress warning diagnostics. -p Arrange for the compiler to produce code which counts the number of times each routine is called. If loading takes place, replace the standard startup routine by one which automatically calls monitor(3) at the start and arranges to write out a mon.out file at normal termination of execution of the object program. An execution profile can then be generated by use of prof(1). -O Invoke an object-code improver. -S Compile the named C programs, and leave the assembler-language output on corresponding files suffixed `.s'. -M Run only the macro preprocessor on the named C programs, requesting it to generate Makefile dependencies and send the result to the standard output. -E Run only the macro preprocessor on the named C programs, and send the result to the standard output. -C prevent the macro preprocessor from eliding comments. -o output Name the final output file output. If this option is used the file `a.out' will be left undisturbed. -Dname=def -Dname Define the name to the preprocessor, as if by `#define'. If no definition is given, the name is defined as "1". -Uname Remove any initial definition of name. -Idir `#include' files whose names do not begin with `/' are always sought first in the directory of the file argument, then in directo- ries named in -I options, then in directories on a standard list. -Ldir Library archives are sought first in directories named in -L options, then in directories on a standard list. -Bstring Find substitute compiler passes in the files named string with the suffixes cpp, c0, c1 and c2. If string is empty, use a standard backup version. -t[p012] Find only the designated compiler passes in the files whose names are constructed by a -B option. In the absence of a -B option, the string is taken to be `/usr/c/'. Other arguments are taken to be either loader option arguments, or C-compatible object programs, typically produced by an earlier cc run, or perhaps libraries of C-compatible routines. These programs, together with the results of any compilations specified, are loaded (in the order given) to produce an executable program with name a.out. FILES
file.c input file file.o object file a.out loaded output /tmp/ctm? temporary /lib/cpp preprocessor /lib/c[01] compiler /lib/c2 optional optimizer /lib/crt0.o runtime startoff /lib/mcrt0.o startoff for profiling /lib/libc.a standard library, see intro(3) /usr/lib/libc_p.aprofiling library, see intro(3) /usr/include standard directory for `#include' files mon.out file produced for analysis by prof(1) SEE ALSO
B. W. Kernighan and D. M. Ritchie, The C Programming Language, Prentice-Hall, 1978 B. W. Kernighan, Programming in C--a tutorial D. M. Ritchie, C Reference Manual monitor(3), prof(1), adb(1), ld(1), as(1) DIAGNOSTICS
The diagnostics produced by C itself are intended to be self-explanatory. Occasional messages may be produced by the assembler or loader. BUGS
The compiler currently ignores advice to put char, unsigned char, long, float, or double variables in registers. 3rd Berkeley Distribution June 7, 1985 CC(1)