Japanese(5) File Formats Manual Japanese(5)
NAME
Japanese, japanese - Introduction to Japanese language support
DESCRIPTION
There are two national standards that specify the Japanese character sets used for information interchange. The JIS X0201 standard speci-
fies a single-byte character set that consists of Roman letters and Katakana characters. The JIS X0208 standard specifies a primary set of
Japanese ideographic characters. The operating system supports both standards with coded character sets (codesets), locales, device, and
other kinds of system files.
Codesets
There are several codesets available to support Japanese. The following list describes both the codesets and the strings that represent the
codesets in the names of locales, codeset converters, or both: See deckanji(5) for more information about the DEC Kanji codeset. This
codeset, which is similar to ISO 2022-JP, is handled by conversion to Tru64 UNIX Japanese codesets. This Fujitsu codeset is handled by
conversion to Tru64 UNIX Japanese codesets. See iconv_JEF(5) for more information. This Hitachi codeset is handled by conversion to Tru64
UNIX Japanese codesets. See iconv_KEIS(5) for more information. This IBM mainframe codeset is handled by conversion to Tru64 UNIX Japanese
codesets. See iconv_ibmkanji(5) for more information. See eucJP(5) for more information about the Japanese EUC codeset. See sdeckanji(5)
for more information about the Super DEC Kanji codeset. The Shift JIS encoding format is identical to the Microsoft code-page (cp932) for-
mat used on PC systems. Therefore, you can use codeset converters whose names contain SJIS to convert data to and from cp932 format.
See shiftjis(5) for more information about the Shift JIS codeset. JIS KANJI characters can be either JIS7 (representing characters
in 7-bit bytes) or JIS8 (representing characters in 8-bit bytes). Depending on the kana input value, the string that represents the
JIS7 codeset in a codeset converter name is either jis7, JIS7, or jiskanji7.
JIS KANJI codesets are supported only for conversion operations as indicated by the following table. These codesets are not sup-
ported by locales or for direct input and output.
----------------------------------------------------------
Codeset Codeset Conversion Terminal Code Conversion
----------------------------------------------------------
jis7 Y Y
jiskanji7 Y N
jis8 N Y
----------------------------------------------------------
See jiskanji(5) for more information about JIS KANJI codesets, stty(1) for information about terminal code conversion, and
iconv_intro(5) for information about codeset conversion. The ISO 2022-JP codeset is supported only for codeset conversion. It is
not supported by locales, for terminal code conversion, or for direct input and output.
See ISO-2022-JP(5) for more information about the ISO 2022-JP codeset. The ISO 2022-JPext codeset (which is an extended version of
ISO 2022-JP) is supported only for codeset conversion. It is not supported by locales, for terminal code conversion, or for direct
input and output.
See ISO-2022-JP(5) for more information about the Extended ISO 2022-JP codeset. These encoding formats are supported only through
locales or codeset converters, not for terminal code conversion or for direct input and output.
See Unicode(5) for more information about UCS formats. See Unicode(5) for more information about UTF-8.
Locales
The following list specifies Japanese locales for Japan and the codesets they support:
ja_JP.deckanji, for DEC Kanji ja_JP.eucJP, for Japanese EUC ja_JP.sdeckanji, for Super DEC Kanji ja_JP.SJIS, for Shift JIS ja_JP.UTF-8, for
UTF-8
The ja_JP.deckanji@ucs4 and ja_JP.SJIS@ucs4 locale variants exist for applications that need to convert file data in deckanji and SJIS for-
mat to UCS-4 process code to perform certain character-classification operations. The ja_JP.UTF-8 locale also uses UCS-4 format for
process code, but supports file code that conforms to the Unicode and ISO 10646 standards.
You can use the locale command (see locale(1)) to display the names of locales installed on your system. See i18n_intro(5) for information
on setting locale from the operating system command line.
In the Common Desktop Environment (CDE), you also need to set the session language. To do this, use the Language menu that is accessed from
the Options button of the Login window.
Japanese-Specific Character Properties
The Japanese locales (including the @ucs4 variants) define the following properties (or classes) for characters: Characters for which the
isascii() function returns a nonzero (TRUE) value English-language characters as defined by the System V Multi-National Language Specifica-
tion (MNLS) User-defined and vendor-defined characters (UDCs and VDCs) Ideographic characters as defined by the System V Multi-National
Language Specification (MNLS) Digit characters as defined by JIS X0208 Katakana characters and the voiced, semivoiced, and prolonged sound
marks as defined by JIS X0201 Hiragana characters as defined by JIS X0208 All printable characters as defined by JIS X0201 All printable,
right-hand side characters as defined by JIS X0201 All printable characters as defined by JIS X0208 All printable characters as defined by
JIS X012 Kanji characters as defined by JIS X0208 and JIS X0212, the Kanji iteration mark as defined in JIS X 0208, and the Han-numeral
zero as defined by JIS X0208 Katakana characters as defined by JIS X0201 and JIS X0208; the voiced, semivoiced, and prolonged sound marks
as defined by JIS X0208 and JIS X0201; the Katakana iteration marks as defined by JIS X0208 Kana bracket characters as defined by JIS X0201
and the parentheses characters as defined by JIS X0208 The space character as defined by JIS X0208 Line-drawing characters as defined by
JIS X0208 Numbers as defined by the System V Multi-National Language Specification (MNLS) Parentheses and other paired symbols as defined
by JIS X0201 and JIS X0208 Phonograms as defined by the System V Multi-National Language Specification (MNLS) Special characters as defined
by the System V Multi-National Language Specification (MNLS) User-defined characters Vendor-defined characters
These properties supplement the ones specified by the XSH standard. Refer to locale(4), wctype(3), and iswctype(3) for general information
about how characters are assigned properties in locales and how applications test characters for supplemental properties.
Keyboards, Servers, and Input Methods
The operating system supports the following Japanese keyboards: A Japanese version of the LK201 keyboard. A Japanese version of the LK401
keyboard. A Japanese version of the LK401 keyboard. This model provides JIS layout and special keys for Japanese input methods. A Japa-
nese version of the LK401 keyboard. This model provides ANSI layout and special keys for Japanese input methods. A Japanese version of
the LK421 keyboard. This model does not have special keys for Japanese input methods. A Japanese version of the LK421 keyboard. This
model provides UNIX layout and special keys for Japanese input methods. A Japanese version of the LK97W keyboard. This model has special
keys for Japanese input methods. A Japanese version of the PC keyboard. This model has special keys for Japanese input methods.
For the Motif environment, the operating system provides the dxjim input server to support Japanese input methods. For a CDE session, this
input server is started automatically if your session language is set to Japanese at login time. Refer to the dxjim(1X) reference page for
more information about this input server and how to start it from the command line.
There are two main mechanisms for entering Japanese characters: Kana input, for entering Kana characters
The Kana input mechanism is provided by the firmware of Japanese video terminals (see the Japanese Terminals section). Input meth-
ods, for entering two-byte Kanji characters, Kana characters, letters, and symbols defined in JIS X0208. Input methods allow charac-
ters to be entered and converted to other characters. The four input methods are as follows:
Romaji-to-Kanji Kana-to-Kanji Internal Code JIS Ku-ten Code
In the Motif environment, you must load a Japanese key mapping table (keymap) that is appropriate for your keyboard. See keyboard(5) for
information on loading a keymap.
All the Japanese keyboards and keymaps support locking-shift mode switching. In other words, you can enter English characters in the Mode
Switch Off state and Kana characters in the Mode Switch On state. The keys used to toggle the input mode differ according to whether you
are using a Japanese VT terminal or, in the Motif environment, the keymap that has been loaded. For Japanese VT terminals, press the Com-
pose key In the Motif environment: For LK201-J* keymaps, hold down the Compose key and press the Space bar For other Japanese keymaps,
press the Compose, or Comp, key if there is one. Otherwise, press the right Ctrl key.
These keys are defaults and can be changed by the user.
Japanese Terminals
The operating system supports the VT282-J, VT382-J, and VT383-J terminals for Japanese.
Running Motif Applications
X or Motif applications require non-ASCII fonts to display Japanese characters. This means that the font path must be set appropriately
before starting an application that displays Japanese characters. An application can find Japanese fonts in either of the following direc-
tories: /usr/i18n/lib/X11/fonts/decwin/75dpi, for low resolution display /usr/i18n/lib/X11/fonts/decwin/100dpi, for high resolution display
For applications running under CDE, Japanese screen fonts are found as long as they are installed on the system or made available through a
remote font server. In other environments, you may need to use the following command to check the font path before running a Japanese
application: % xset q
If one of the directories in the preceding list is not in the font path, the following example shows how to add the directory. You can sub-
stitute 100dp for 75dpi if you want high resolution display. % xset +fp /usr/i18n/lib/X11/decwin/75dpi/ % xset fp rehash
Printers
The operating system supports the following Japanese printers. The associated print filter is noted in parentheses following the printer
name. Japanese dot-matrix printers
LA84-J (la84of) LA86-J (la86of) LA90-J (la90of) LA280-J (la280of) Japanese graphic line printers
LA380-J (la380of) Japanese laser printers
LN03-J (ln03jaof) LN05-J (ln05jaof) Japanese PostScript printers
LN82R (ln82rof)
PostScript fonts for Japanese printers are printer resident. To print Japanese text on generic PostScript printers, you can customize a
print filter to convert Japanese bitmap fonts to PostScript font encoding. Refer to wwpsof(8) for more information.
See i18n_printing(5) for a general discussion of printer support options.
SEE ALSO
Commands: asort(1), locale(1), lp(1), lpr(1), dxjim(1X), xset(1X), lpd(8), lprsetup(8)
Files: printcap(4)
Others: code_page(5), deckanji(5), eucJP(5), i18n_intro(5), i18n_printing(5), iconv_ibmkanji(5), iconv_intro(5), iconv_JEF(5),
iconv_KEIS(5), iso2022jp(5), jiskanji(5), keyboard(5), l10n_intro(5), sdeckanji(5), shiftjis(5), Unicode(5)
Japanese(5)