RPCGEN(1) BSD General Commands Manual RPCGEN(1)
NAME
rpcgen -- Remote Procedure Call (RPC) protocol compiler
SYNOPSIS
rpcgen infile
rpcgen [-A] [-a] [-b] [-C] [-D name [=value]] [-I] [-i size] [-K secs] [-L] [-M] [-N] [-T] [-v] [-Y pathname] infile
rpcgen -c | -h | -l | -m | -t | -Sc | -Ss [-o outfile] [infile]
rpcgen [-s nettype] [-o outfile] [infile]
rpcgen [-n netid] [-o outfile] [infile]
DESCRIPTION
rpcgen is a tool that generates C code to implement an RPC protocol. The input to rpcgen is a language similar to C known as RPC Language
(Remote Procedure Call Language). rpcgen is normally used as in the first synopsis where it takes an input file and generates up to four
output files. If the infile is named proto.x, then rpcgen will generate a header file in proto.h, XDR routines in proto_xdr.c, server-side
stubs in proto_svc.c, and client-side stubs in proto_clnt.c. With the -T option, it will also generate the RPC dispatch table in
proto_tbl.i. With the -Sc option, it will also generate sample code which would illustrate how to use the remote procedures on the client
side. This code would be created in proto_client.c. With the -Ss option, it will also generate a sample server code which would illustrate
how to write the remote procedures. This code would be created in proto_server.c.
The server created can be started both by the port monitors (for example, inetd or listen) or by itself. When it is started by a port moni-
tor, it creates servers only for the transport for which the file descriptor 0 was passed. The name of the transport must be specified by
setting up the environmental variable PM_TRANSPORT. When the server generated by rpcgen is executed, it creates server handles for all the
transports specified in NETPATH environment variable, or if it is unset, it creates server handles for all the visible transports from
/etc/netconfig file.
Note: the transports are chosen at run time and not at compile time. When the server is self-started, it backgrounds itself by default. A
special define symbol RPC_SVC_FG can be used to run the server process in foreground.
The second synopsis provides special features which allow for the creation of more sophisticated RPC servers. These features include support
for user provided #defines and RPC dispatch tables. The entries in the RPC dispatch table contain:
+ pointers to the service routine corresponding to that procedure,
+ a pointer to the input and output arguments,
+ the size of these routines
A server can use the dispatch table to check authorization and then to execute the service routine; a client library may use it to deal with
the details of storage management and XDR data conversion.
The other three synopses shown above are used when one does not want to generate all the output files, but only a particular one. Some exam-
ples of their usage is described in the EXAMPLES section below. When rpcgen is executed with the -s option, it creates servers for that par-
ticular class of transports. When executed with the -n option, it creates a server for the transport specified by netid. If infile is not
specified, rpcgen accepts the standard input.
The C preprocessor, cpp(1) is run on the input file before it is actually interpreted by rpcgen For each type of output file, rpcgen defines
a special preprocessor symbol for use by the rpcgen programmer:
RPC_HDR defined when compiling into header files
RPC_XDR defined when compiling into XDR routines
RPC_SVC defined when compiling into server-side stubs
RPC_CLNT defined when compiling into client-side stubs
RPC_TBL defined when compiling into RPC dispatch tables
Any line beginning with '%' is passed directly into the output file, uninterpreted by rpcgen.
For every data type referred to in infile rpcgen assumes that there exists a routine with the string ``xdr_'' prepended to the name of the
data type. If this routine does not exist in the RPC/XDR library, it must be provided. Providing an undefined data type allows customiza-
tion of XDR routines.
OPTIONS
-a Generate all the files including sample code for client and server side.
-A Generate an svc_caller() function.
-b Compile stubs in "backwards compatible" mode, disabling support for transport-independent RPC. The -b should always be specified
when generating files for NetBSD, since there is no transport-independent RPC support in NetBSD.
-c Compile into XDR routines.
-C Generate code in ANSI C. This option also generates code that could be compiled with the C++ compiler.
-D name[=value]
Define a symbol name. Equivalent to the #define directive in the source. If no value is given, value is defined as 1. This option
may be specified more than once.
-h Compile into C data-definitions (a header file). The -T option can be used in conjunction to produce a header file which supports
RPC dispatch tables.
-i size
Size to decide when to start generating inline code. The default size is 3.
-I Support inetd(8) in the server side stubs. Servers generated using this flag can either be standalone or started from inetd(8). If
a server is started as standalone, then it places itself in the background, unless RCP_SVC_FG is defined, or the server is compiled
without -I.
-K secs
By default, services created using rpcgen wait 120 seconds after servicing a request before exiting. That interval can be changed
using the -K flag. To create a server that exits immediately upon servicing a request, ``-K 0'' can be used. To create a server
that never exits, the appropriate argument is ``-K -1''.
When monitoring for a server, some port monitors, like the AT&T System V Release 4 UNIX utility listen, always spawn a new process in
response to a service request. If it is known that a server will be used with such a monitor, the server should exit immediately on
completion. For such servers, rpcgen should be used with ``-K -1''.
-l Compile into client-side stubs. inetd(8).
-I Compile stubs meant for use in programs started by inetd(8).
-L Server errors will be sent to syslog instead of stderr.
-m Compile into server-side stubs, but do not generate a main() routine. This option is useful for doing callback-routines and for
users who need to write their own main() routine to do initialization.
-M Generate thread-safe stubs. This alters the calling pattern of client and server stubs so that storage for results is allocated by
the caller. Note that all components for a particular service (stubs, client and service wrappers, etc.) must be built either with
or without the -M flag.
-N Use the newstyle of rpcgen. This allows procedures to have multiple arguments. It also uses the style of parameter passing that
closely resembles C. So, when passing an argument to a remote procedure you do not have to pass a pointer to the argument but the
argument itself. This behaviour is different from the oldstyle of rpcgen generated code. The newstyle is not the default case
because of backward compatibility.
-n netid
Compile into server-side stubs for the transport specified by netid. There should be an entry for netid in the netconfig database.
This option may be specified more than once, so as to compile a server that serves multiple transports.
-o outfile
Specify the name of the output file. If none is specified, standard output is used (-c -h -l -m -n -s modes only)
-n netid
Specify the transport for the server-side stubs. netid should be defined in netconfig(5). This option can be repeated in order to
support more than one transport.
-s nettype
Compile into server-side stubs for all the transports belonging to the class nettype. The supported classes are netpath, visible,
circuit_n, circuit_v, datagram_n, datagram_v, tcp, and udp [see rpc(3) for the meanings associated with these classes. Note: BSD
currently supports only the tcp and udp classes]. This option may be specified more than once. Note: the transports are chosen at
run time and not at compile time.
-Sc Generate sample code to show the use of remote procedure and how to bind to the server before calling the client side stubs generated
by rpcgen.
-Ss Generate skeleton code for the remote procedures on the server side. You would need to fill in the actual code for the remote proce-
dures.
-t Compile into RPC dispatch table.
-T Generate the code to support RPC dispatch tables.
-v Display the version number.
-Y pathname
Specify the directory where rpcgen looks for the C pre-processor.
The options -c, -h, -l, -m, -s, and -t are used exclusively to generate a particular type of file, while the options -D and -T are global and
can be used with the other options.
ENVIRONMENT
If the RPCGEN_CPP environment variable is set, its value is used as the pathname of the C preprocessor to be run on the input file.
NOTES
The RPC Language does not support nesting of structures. As a work-around, structures can be declared at the top-level, and their name used
inside other structures in order to achieve the same effect.
Name clashes can occur when using program definitions, since the apparent scoping does not really apply. Most of these can be avoided by
giving unique names for programs, versions, procedures and types.
The server code generated with -n option refers to the transport indicated by netid and hence is very site specific.
EXAMPLES
The command
$ rpcgen -T prot.x
generates the five files: prot.h, prot_clnt.c, prot_svc.c, prot_xdr.c and prot_tbl.i.
The following example sends the C data-definitions (header file) to standard output.
$ rpcgen -h prot.x
To send the test version of the -DTEST, server side stubs for all the transport belonging to the class datagram_n to standard output, use:
$ rpcgen -s datagram_n -DTEST prot.x
To create the server side stubs for the transport indicated by netid tcp, use:
$ rpcgen -n tcp -o prot_svc.c prot.x
SEE ALSO
cpp(1), inetd(8)
HISTORY
The -M option was first implemented in RedHat Linux, and was reimplemented by Charles M. Hannum in NetBSD 1.6.
BSD
January 19, 2008 BSD