last(1) [netbsd man page]

LAST(1) 						    BSD General Commands Manual 						   LAST(1)

NAME

     last -- indicate last logins of users and ttys

SYNOPSIS

     last [-n] [-nTx] [-f file] [-H hostsize] [-h host] [-L linesize] [-N namesize] [-t tty] [user ...]

DESCRIPTION

     last will list the sessions of specified users, ttys, and hosts, in reverse time order.  Each line of output contains the user name, the tty
     from which the session was conducted, any hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the duration of the session.  If the ses-
     sion is still continuing or was cut short by a crash or shutdown, last will so indicate.

     The following options are available:

     -n 	    Limits the report to n lines.

     -f file	    last reads the file file instead of the default, /var/log/wtmpx or /var/log/wtmp.  If the file ends with 'x', it is treated as
		    a utmpx(5) format file, else it is treated as a utmp(5) format file.  If the file is ``-'', standard input is used.

     -H hostsize    Use the provided hostsize as the width to format the host name field.

     -h host	    Host names may be names or internet numbers.

     -L linesize    Use the provided linesize as the width to format the tty field.

     -N namesize    Use the provided namesize as the width to format the login name field.

     -n 	    Print host addresses numerically.  This option works only on wtmpx(5) entries, and prints nothing on wtmp(5) entries.

     -T 	    Display better time information, including the year and seconds.

     -t tty	    Specify the tty.  Tty names may be given fully or abbreviated, for example, ``last -t 03'' is equivalent to ``last -t tty03''.

     -x 	    Assume that the file given is in wtmpx(5) format, even if the filename does not end with an 'x'.  Also useful when reading
		    such format from standard input.

     If multiple arguments are given, the information which applies to any of the arguments is printed, e.g., ``last root -t console'' would list
     all of ``root's'' sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal.  If no users, hostnames, or terminals are specified, last prints
     a record of all logins and logouts.

     The pseudo-user reboot logs in at reboots of the system, thus ``last reboot'' will give an indication of mean time between reboot.

     If last is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has progressed.  If interrupted with a quit signal last indicates how far the
     search has progressed and then continues.

FILES

     /var/log/wtmp   login data base
     /var/log/wtmpx  login data base

SEE ALSO

     lastcomm(1), utmp(5), utmpx(5), ac(8), lastlogin(8)

HISTORY

     last appeared in 3.0BSD.

BSD
								 October 18, 2011							       BSD

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last(1) 						      General Commands Manual							   last(1)

NAME

       last, lastb - indicate last logins of users and ttys

SYNOPSIS

       file] [name ...] [tty ...]

       file] [name ...] [tty ...]

DESCRIPTION

       The command searches backwards through the file (which contains a record of all logins and logouts) for information about a user, a tty, or
       any group of users and ttys.  Arguments specify names of users or ttys of interest.  The names of ttys can be given fully  or  abbreviated.
       For example, is the same as If multiple arguments are given, the information that applies to any of the arguments is printed.  For example,
       lists all of sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal.  The command prints the sessions of the specified  users	and  ttys,
       most  recent first, indicating when the session began, the duration of the session, and the tty on which the session took place.  indicates
       if the session is still in progress or if it was cut short by a reboot.

       The pseudo-user logs each time the system reboots.  Thus, is a useful command for evaluating the relative time between system reboots.

       If is interrupted, it indicates how far the search has progressed in If interrupted by a quit signal (generated by a Ctrl-), indicates how
       far the search has progressed, then continues the search.

       The  command  searches  backwards through the database file to display bad login information.  Access to should be restricted to users with
       appropriate privileges (owned by and readable only by because it may contain password information.

   Options
       The and commands recognize the following options and arguments:

	      (none)	If no arguments are specified, prints a record of all logins and logouts in reverse order, most recent first.

	      When used with
			and displays the user's host name as it is stored in the files and respectively.  The host name is displayed  between  the
			tty name and the user's login time.

	      Limits the report to
			number of lines.

	      Use	file as the name of the accounting file instead of or

	      Use	file as the name of the accounting database instead of This option should be used along with the option.

	      Display the fields in long format if this flag is used
			along with the flag.  Without the flag, normal output is displayed.

AUTHOR

       was developed by the University of California, Berkeley and HP.

FILES

       Bad login database
       Login database
       New login database
       New bad login database

SEE ALSO

       login(1), utmp(4), wtmps(4).

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