lastb(1) [hpux man page]

last(1) 						      General Commands Manual							   last(1)

NAME

       last, lastb - indicate last logins of users and ttys

SYNOPSIS

       file] [name ...] [tty ...]

       file] [name ...] [tty ...]

DESCRIPTION

       The command searches backwards through the file (which contains a record of all logins and logouts) for information about a user, a tty, or
       any group of users and ttys.  Arguments specify names of users or ttys of interest.  The names of ttys can be given fully  or  abbreviated.
       For example, is the same as If multiple arguments are given, the information that applies to any of the arguments is printed.  For example,
       lists all of sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal.  The command prints the sessions of the specified  users	and  ttys,
       most  recent first, indicating when the session began, the duration of the session, and the tty on which the session took place.  indicates
       if the session is still in progress or if it was cut short by a reboot.

       The pseudo-user logs each time the system reboots.  Thus, is a useful command for evaluating the relative time between system reboots.

       If is interrupted, it indicates how far the search has progressed in If interrupted by a quit signal (generated by a Ctrl-), indicates how
       far the search has progressed, then continues the search.

       The  command  searches  backwards through the database file to display bad login information.  Access to should be restricted to users with
       appropriate privileges (owned by and readable only by because it may contain password information.

   Options
       The and commands recognize the following options and arguments:

	      (none)	If no arguments are specified, prints a record of all logins and logouts in reverse order, most recent first.

	      When used with
			and displays the user's host name as it is stored in the files and respectively.  The host name is displayed  between  the
			tty name and the user's login time.

	      Limits the report to
			number of lines.

	      Use	file as the name of the accounting file instead of or

	      Use	file as the name of the accounting database instead of This option should be used along with the option.

	      Display the fields in long format if this flag is used
			along with the flag.  Without the flag, normal output is displayed.

AUTHOR

       was developed by the University of California, Berkeley and HP.

FILES

       Bad login database
       Login database
       New login database
       New bad login database

SEE ALSO

       login(1), utmp(4), wtmps(4).

																	   last(1)

LAST,LASTB(1)						Linux System Administrator's Manual					     LAST,LASTB(1)

NAME

       last, lastb - show listing of last logged in users

SYNOPSIS

       last [-R] [-num] [ -n num ] [-adFiowx] [ -f file ] [ -t YYYYMMDDHHMMSS ] [name...]  [tty...]
       lastb [-R] [-num] [ -n num ] [ -f file ] [-adFiowx] [name...]  [tty...]

DESCRIPTION

       Last  searches  back through the file /var/log/wtmp (or the file designated by the -f flag) and displays a list of all users logged in (and
       out) since that file was created.  Names of users and tty's can be given, in which case last will show  only  those  entries  matching  the
       arguments.  Names of ttys can be abbreviated, thus last 0 is the same as last tty0.

       When  last catches a SIGINT signal (generated by the interrupt key, usually control-C) or a SIGQUIT signal (generated by the quit key, usu-
       ally control-), last will show how far it has searched through the file; in the case of the SIGINT signal last will then terminate.

       The pseudo user reboot logs in each time the system is rebooted.  Thus last reboot will show a log of all reboots since the  log  file  was
       created.

       Lastb is the same as last, except that by default it shows a log of the file /var/log/btmp, which contains all the bad login attempts.

OPTIONS

       -f file
	      Tells last to use a specific file instead of /var/log/wtmp.

       -num   This is a count telling last how many lines to show.

       -n num The same.

       -t YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
	      Display  the  state of logins as of the specified time.  This is useful, e.g., to determine easily who was logged in at a particular
	      time -- specify that time with -t and look for "still logged in".

       -f file
	      Specifies a file to search other than /var/log/wtmp.

       -R     Suppresses the display of the hostname field.

       -a     Display the hostname in the last column. Useful in combination with the next flag.

       -d     For non-local logins, Linux stores not only the host name of the remote host but its IP number as well. This option  translates  the
	      IP number back into a hostname.

       -F     Print full login and logout times and dates.

       -i     This option is like -d in that it displays the IP number of the remote host, but it displays the IP number in numbers-and-dots nota-
	      tion.

       -o     Read an old-type wtmp file (written by linux-libc5 applications).

       -w     Display full user and domain names in the output.

       -x     Display the system shutdown entries and run level changes.

NOTES

       The files wtmp and btmp might not be found. The system only logs information in these files if they are present. This is a local configura-
       tion issue. If you want the files to be used, they can be created with a simple touch(1) command (for example, touch /var/log/wtmp).

FILES

       /var/log/wtmp
       /var/log/btmp

AUTHOR

       Miquel van Smoorenburg, miquels@cistron.nl

SEE ALSO

       shutdown(8), login(1), init(8)

								   Jul 31, 2004 						     LAST,LASTB(1)