ckdist(1) [freebsd man page]
CKDIST(1) BSD General Commands Manual CKDIST(1) NAME
ckdist -- check software distributions SYNOPSIS
ckdist [-airsx] [-d dir] [-n name] [-t type] file ... DESCRIPTION
The ckdist utility reads ``checksum'' files (which are assumed to specify components of a software distribution) and verifies the integrity of the distribution by validating the checksum of each component file. Both MD5 (128-bit ``message digest'') and .inf (32-bit CRC) checksum formats are supported. The file operands may refer to regular files or to directories. Regular files named md5, or which have an .md5 or an .inf extension, are assumed to be of the implied type, otherwise format is determined from content. If a directory is specified, it is searched for appropri- ately-named files only. The options are as follows: -a Report on all distribution components, not just those in respect of which errors are detected. -i Ignore missing distribution components. -r Search specified directories recursively. -s Suppress complaints about inaccessible checksum files and directories. -x Verify the existence of distribution components (and also check sizes, in the case of .inf files), but omit the more time- consuming step of actually computing and comparing checksums. -d dir Look for distribution components in the directory dir. -n name Access distribution components using the filename name. When accessing .inf file components, append the appropriate exten- sion to the filename. -t type Assume that all specified checksum files are of the format type, and search directories only for files in this format (where type is either md5 or inf). EXIT STATUS
The ckdist utility exits with one of the following values: 0 No errors were detected. 1 Errors were found in a distribution. 2 Usage errors, inaccessible input files, or other system errors were encountered. SEE ALSO
cksum(1), md5(1) NOTES
Both BSD and DOS versions of ckdist are available. BSD
January 20, 1997 BSD
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MTREE(8) BSD System Manager's Manual MTREE(8) NAME
mtree -- map a directory hierarchy SYNOPSIS
mtree [-LPUcdeinqruxw] [-f spec] [-f spec] [-K keywords] [-k keywords] [-p path] [-s seed] [-X exclude-list] DESCRIPTION
The mtree utility compares the file hierarchy rooted in the current directory against a specification read from the standard input. Messages are written to the standard output for any files whose characteristics do not match the specifications, or which are missing from either the file hierarchy or the specification. The options are as follows: -c Print a specification for the file hierarchy to the standard output. -d Ignore everything except directory type files. -e Do not complain about files that are in the file hierarchy, but not in the specification. -f file Read the specification from file, instead of from the standard input. If this option is specified twice, the two specifications are compared with each other, rather than to the file hierarchy. The speci- fications be sorted like output generated using -c. The output format in this case is somewhat remniscent of comm(1), having "in first spec only", "in second spec only", and "different" columns, prefixed by zero, one and two TAB characters respectively. Each entry in the "different" column occupies two lines, one from each specification. -i Indent the output 4 spaces each time a directory level is descended when create a specification with the -c option. This does not affect either the /set statements or the comment before each directory. It does however affect the comment before the close of each directory. -K keywords Add the specified (whitespace or comma separated) keywords to the current set of keywords. -k keywords Use the ``type'' keyword plus the specified (whitespace or comma separated) keywords instead of the current set of keywords. -L Follow all symbolic links in the file hierarchy. -n Do not emit pathname comments when creating a specification. Normally a comment is emitted before each directory and before the close of that directory when using the -c option. -P Do not follow symbolic links in the file hierarchy, instead consider the symbolic link itself in any comparisons. This is the default. -p path Use the file hierarchy rooted in path, instead of the current directory. -q Quiet mode. Do not complain when a ``missing'' directory cannot be created because it already exists. This occurs when the directory is a symbolic link. -r Remove any files in the file hierarchy that are not described in the specification. -s seed Display a single checksum to the standard error output that represents all of the files for which the keyword cksum was specified. The checksum is seeded with the specified value. -U Modify the owner, group, permissions, and modification time of existing files to match the specification and create any missing direc- tories or symbolic links. User, group and permissions must all be specified for missing directories to be created. Corrected mis- matches are not considered errors. -u Same as -U except a status of 2 is returned if the file hierarchy did not match the specification. -w Make some error conditions non-fatal warnings. -X exclude-list The specified file contains fnmatch(3) patterns matching files to be excluded from the specification, one to a line. If the pattern contains a '/' character, it will be matched against entire pathnames (relative to the starting directory); otherwise, it will be matched against basenames only. No comments are allowed in the exclude-list file. -x Do not descend below mount points in the file hierarchy. Specifications are mostly composed of ``keywords'', i.e., strings that specify values relating to files. No keywords have default values, and if a keyword has no value set, no checks based on it are performed. Currently supported keywords are as follows: cksum The checksum of the file using the default algorithm specified by the cksum(1) utility. flags The file flags as a symbolic name. See chflags(1) for information on these names. If no flags are to be set the string ``none'' may be used to override the current default. ignore Ignore any file hierarchy below this file. gid The file group as a numeric value. gname The file group as a symbolic name. md5digest The MD5 message digest of the file. sha1digest The FIPS 160-1 (``SHA-1'') message digest of the file. ripemd160digest The RIPEMD160 message digest of the file. mode The current file's permissions as a numeric (octal) or symbolic value. nlink The number of hard links the file is expected to have. nochange Make sure this file or directory exists but otherwise ignore all attributes. uid The file owner as a numeric value. uname The file owner as a symbolic name. size The size, in bytes, of the file. link The file the symbolic link is expected to reference. time The last modification time of the file. type The type of the file; may be set to any one of the following: block block special device char character special device dir directory fifo fifo file regular file link symbolic link socket socket The default set of keywords are flags, gid, mode, nlink, size, link, time, and uid. There are four types of lines in a specification. The first type of line sets a global value for a keyword, and consists of the string ``/set'' followed by whitespace, followed by sets of keyword/value pairs, separated by whitespace. Keyword/value pairs consist of a keyword, followed by an equals sign (``=''), followed by a value, without whitespace characters. Once a keyword has been set, its value remains unchanged until either reset or unset. The second type of line unsets keywords and consists of the string ``/unset'', followed by whitespace, followed by one or more keywords, sep- arated by whitespace. The third type of line is a file specification and consists of a file name, followed by whitespace, followed by zero or more whitespace sepa- rated keyword/value pairs. The file name may be preceded by whitespace characters. The file name may contain any of the standard file name matching characters (``['', ``]'', ``?'' or ``*''), in which case files in the hierarchy will be associated with the first pattern that they match. Each of the keyword/value pairs consist of a keyword, followed by an equals sign (``=''), followed by the keyword's value, without whitespace characters. These values override, without changing, the global value of the corresponding keyword. All paths are relative. Specifying a directory will cause subsequent files to be searched for in that directory hierarchy. Which brings us to the last type of line in a specification: a line containing only the string ``..'' causes the current directory path to ascend one level. Empty lines and lines whose first non-whitespace character is a hash mark (``#'') are ignored. The mtree utility exits with a status of 0 on success, 1 if any error occurred, and 2 if the file hierarchy did not match the specification. A status of 2 is converted to a status of 0 if the -U option is used. FILES
/etc/mtree system specification directory EXIT STATUS
The mtree utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs. EXAMPLES
The -d and -u options can be used in combination to create directory hierarchies for distributions and other such things; the files in /etc/mtree were used to create almost all directories in this FreeBSD distribution. SEE ALSO
chflags(1), chgrp(1), chmod(1), cksum(1), md5(1), stat(2), fts(3), md5(3), chown(8) HISTORY
The mtree utility appeared in 4.3BSD-Reno. The MD5 digest capability was added in FreeBSD 2.1, in response to the widespread use of programs which can spoof cksum(1). The SHA-1 and RIPEMD160 digests were added in FreeBSD 4.0, as new attacks have demonstrated weaknesses in MD5. Support for file flags was added in FreeBSD 4.0, and mostly comes from NetBSD. BSD
March 29, 2005 BSD