Proc::Fork(3pm) User Contributed Perl Documentation Proc::Fork(3pm)
NAME
Proc::Fork - Simple, intuitive interface to the fork() system call
VERSION
This documentation describes Proc::Fork version 0.71
SYNOPSIS
use Proc::Fork;
run_fork {
child {
# child code goes here.
}
parent {
my $child_pid = shift;
# parent code goes here.
waitpid $child_pid, 0;
}
retry {
my $attempts = shift;
# what to do if if fork() fails:
# return true to try again, false to abort
return if $attempts > 5;
sleep 1, return 1;
}
error {
# Error-handling code goes here
# (fork() failed and the retry block returned false)
}
};
DESCRIPTION
This module provides an intuitive, Perl-ish way to write forking programs by letting you use blocks to illustrate which code section
executes in which fork. The code for the parent, child, retry handler and error handler are grouped together in a "fork block". The clauses
may appear in any order, but they must be consecutive (without any other statements in between).
All four clauses need not be specified. If the retry clause is omitted, only one fork will be attempted. If the error clause is omitted the
program will die with a simple message if it can't retry. If the parent or child clause is omitted, the respective (parent or child)
process will start execution after the final clause. So if one or the other only has to do some simple action, you need only specify that
one. For example:
# spawn off a child process to do some simple processing
run_fork { child {
exec '/bin/ls', '-l';
die "Couldn't exec ls: $!
";
} };
# Parent will continue execution from here
# ...
If the code in any of the clauses does not die or exit, it will continue execution after the fork block.
INTERFACE
run_fork
run_fork { ... }
Performs the fork operation configured in its block.
child
child { ... }
Declares the block that should run in the child process.
parent
parent { ... }
Declares the block that should run in the parent process. The child's PID is passed as an argument to the block.
retry
retry { ... }
Declares the block that should run in case of an error, ie. if "fork" returned "undef". If the code returns true, another "fork" is
attempted. The number of fork attempts so far is passed as an argument to the block.
This can be used to implement a wait-and-retry logic that may be essential for some applications like daemons.
If a "retry" clause is not used, no retries will be attempted and a fork failure will immediately lead to the "error" clause being called.
error
error { ... }
Declares the block that should run if there was an error, ie when "fork" returns "undef" and the "retry" clause returns false. The number
of forks attempted is passed as an argument to the block.
If an "error" clause is not used, errors will raise an exception using "die".
EXAMPLES
Simple example with IPC via pipe
use strict;
use Proc::Fork;
use IO::Pipe;
my $p = IO::Pipe->new;
run_fork {
parent {
my $child = shift;
$p->reader;
print while <$p>;
waitpid $child,0;
}
child {
$p->writer;
print $p "Line 1
";
print $p "Line 2
";
exit;
}
retry {
if( $_[0] < 5 ) {
sleep 1;
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
error {
die "That's all folks
";
}
};
Multi-child example
use strict;
use Proc::Fork;
use IO::Pipe;
my $num_children = 5; # How many children we'll create
my @children; # Store connections to them
$SIG{CHLD} = 'IGNORE'; # Don't worry about reaping zombies
# Spawn off some children
for my $num ( 1 .. $num_children ) {
# Create a pipe for parent-child communication
my $pipe = IO::Pipe->new;
# Child simply echoes data it receives, until EOF
run_fork { child {
$pipe->reader;
my $data;
while ( $data = <$pipe> ) {
chomp $data;
print STDERR "child $num: [$data]
";
}
exit;
} };
# Parent here
$pipe->writer;
push @children, $pipe;
}
# Send some data to the kids
for ( 1 .. 20 ) {
# pick a child at random
my $num = int rand $num_children;
my $child = $children[$num];
print $child "Hey there.
";
}
Daemon example
use strict;
use Proc::Fork;
use POSIX;
# One-stop shopping: fork, die on error, parent process exits.
run_fork { parent { exit } };
# Other daemon initialization activities.
$SIG{INT} = $SIG{TERM} = $SIG{HUP} = $SIG{PIPE} = &some_signal_handler;
POSIX::setsid() or die "Cannot start a new session: $!
";
close $_ for *STDIN, *STDOUT, *STDERR;
# rest of daemon program follows
Forking socket-based network server example
use strict;
use IO::Socket::INET;
use Proc::Fork;
$SIG{CHLD} = 'IGNORE';
my $server = IO::Socket::INET->new(
LocalPort => 7111,
Type => SOCK_STREAM,
Reuse => 1,
Listen => 10,
) or die "Couln't start server: $!
";
my $client;
while ($client = $server->accept) {
run_fork { child {
# Service the socket
sleep(10);
print $client "Ooga! ", time % 1000, "
";
exit; # child exits. Parent loops to accept another connection.
} }
}
EXPORTS
This package exports the following symbols by default.
o "run_fork"
o "child"
o "parent"
o "retry"
o "error"
DEPENDENCIES
Carp, which is part of the Perl distribution, and Exporter::Tidy.
BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
None currently known, for what that's worth.
Please report any bugs or feature requests to "bug-proc-fork@rt.cpan.org", or through the web interface at
<https://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/ReportBug.html?Queue=Proc-Fork>. I will be notified, and then you'll automatically be notified of progress on
your bug as I make changes.
AUTHOR
Aristotle Pagaltzis, <mailto:pagaltzis@gmx.de>
Documentation by Eric J. Roode.
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
Copyright (c) 2005-2008 by Aristotle Pagaltzis. All rights Reserved.
This module is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. See perlartistic.
DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY
BECAUSE THIS SOFTWARE IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE SOFTWARE, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT
WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE SOFTWARE "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE SOFTWARE IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE SOFTWARE PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR, OR CORRECTION.
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
REDISTRIBUTE THE SOFTWARE AS PERMITTED BY THE ABOVE LICENCE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE SOFTWARE (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING
RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE SOFTWARE TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF
SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
perl v5.10.0 2008-09-22 Proc::Fork(3pm)