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A .src.rpm is made up of a minimum of two files: a .spec file and a tarball. There may also be patch files as part of the .src.rpm. When you install the .src.rpm, the files are installed into /usr/src/.../SPECS and /usr/src/.../SOURCES. When the binary rpm has been compiled, you will find it in /usr/src/.../RPMS. The /.../ is different for redhat (and derivatives), Mandriva, and Suse.
The tarball can be installed just as any other tarball. Get any tarball and write a .spec file for it, and you have a .src.rpm.
The options that rpmbuild needs should be in the .spec file. The additional options that you can give to rpmbuild modify the result of applying the .spec file to the direct the build.
If you are missing any dependencies in order to build an rpm, you will have to find and install them. There are several tools that can ease the process to varing degrees of success, such as up2date, urpmi, and apt4rpm.
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