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# 1  
Old 07-16-2015
Route get output
I'm having some trouble understanding the output of the route command. Specifically, the "route to" and "destination" fields. I'm guessing "route to: <address>" means when the queried host receives packets, it sends them to <address> by default, and "destination: <address>" means <address> is the destination for packets routed by that host. But these two fields seem to always be the same. What exactly is the difference between them?

I queried localhost and got the following output:

Code:
   route to: localhost
destination: localhost
  interface: lo0
      flags: <UP,HOST,DONE,LOCAL>
 recvpipe  sendpipe  ssthresh  rtt,msec    rttvar  hopcount      mtu     expire
   49152     49152         0         0         0         0     16384         0

I queried what I thought was the local router/DNS server/DHCP server, obtained through nslookup, and I got this:

Code:
   route to: cdns01.comcast.net
destination: cdns01.comcast.net
    gateway: 10.90.30.1
  interface: en1
      flags: <UP,GATEWAY,HOST,DONE,WASCLONED,IFSCOPE,IFREF>
 recvpipe  sendpipe  ssthresh  rtt,msec    rttvar  hopcount      mtu     expire
       0         0         0         0         0         0      1500         0

I did a traceroute on the same IP address and found it to be five router hops away, in a completely different city. I thought the local DNS server was usually on the local router. I don't recall changing it at any point.

I also noticed that "route to" and "destination" are both set to the hostname for the host queried, meaning the routing table for Host A has Host A as both the route to value and the destination value.

Could someone please explain this to me? I'm very confused.

Also, are "interface" and "gateway" the interface and gateway for the queried host, or are they the interface and gateway that my computer uses to connect to the queried host?

Also, I am on a business LAN, not a home network. I don't know if that makes any difference.
# 2  
Old 07-16-2015
what o/s and what route command are you entering; also, what does netstat -rn show, what does netstat -in show; show the traceroute command you used
# 3  
Old 07-18-2015
I am using Mac OS X 10.8.

Code:
nslookup
> google.com
Server:		75.75.75.75
Address:	75.75.75.75#53

Non-authoritative answer:
Name:	google.com
Address: 216.58.219.206

Code:
route get 75.75.75.75
route get localhost

Code:
bash-3.2$ traceroute cdns01.comcast.net
traceroute to cdns01.comcast.net (75.75.75.75), 64 hops max, 52 byte packets
 1  173-166-16-222-newengland.hfc.comcastbusiness.net (173.166.16.222)  2.078 ms  2.236 ms  3.268 ms
 2  96.120.67.213 (96.120.67.213)  10.097 ms  13.087 ms  8.564 ms
 3  68.85.160.197 (68.85.160.197)  8.152 ms  8.500 ms  11.837 ms
 4  te-3-9-0-0-ar01.needham.ma.boston.comcast.net (68.87.182.61)  18.488 ms  17.155 ms  18.911 ms
 5  te-4-1-ur01-d.chelmsfdrdc2.ma.boston.comcast.net (68.87.145.230)  15.623 ms  17.150 ms  13.453 ms
 6  cdns01.comcast.net (75.75.75.75)  13.639 ms *  19.808 ms

Code:
bash-3.2$ netstat -rn
Routing tables

Internet:
Destination        Gateway            Flags        Refs      Use   Netif Expire
default            192.168.0.254      UGSc           14        0     en1
127                127.0.0.1          UCS             0        0     lo0
127.0.0.1          127.0.0.1          UH              1      832     lo0
169.254            link#5             UCS             0        0     en1
192.168.0          link#5             UCS             4        0     en1
192.168.0.1        0:14:22:12:ed:f2   UHLWIi          0      138     en1   1122
192.168.0.29       a4:c3:61:3e:6a:4   UHLWIi          0        0     en1    582
192.168.0.68       6c:62:6d:b:b6:61   UHLWIi          0        0     en1   1056
192.168.0.73       127.0.0.1          UHS             0        0     lo0
192.168.0.254      74:44:1:d2:ea:9d   UHLWIir        16       34     en1   1197

Internet6:
Destination                             Gateway                         Flags         Netif Expire
::1                                     link#1                          UHL             lo0
fe80::%lo0/64                           fe80::1%lo0                     UcI             lo0
fe80::1%lo0                             link#1                          UHLI            lo0
fe80::%en1/64                           link#5                          UCI             en1
fe80::22c9:d0ff:feb5:2925%en1           20:c9:d0:b5:29:25               UHLI            lo0
ff01::%lo0/32                           fe80::1%lo0                     UmCI            lo0
ff01::%en1/32                           link#5                          UmCI            en1
ff02::%lo0/32                           fe80::1%lo0                     UmCI            lo0
ff02::%en1/32                           link#5                          UmCI            en1

Code:
bash-3.2$ netstat -in
Name  Mtu   Network       Address            Ipkts Ierrs    Opkts Oerrs  Coll
lo0   16384 <Link#1>                          3565     0     3565     0     0
lo0   16384 fe80::1%lo0 fe80:1::1             3565     -     3565     -     -
lo0   16384 127           127.0.0.1           3565     -     3565     -     -
lo0   16384 ::1/128     ::1                   3565     -     3565     -     -
gif0* 1280  <Link#2>                             0     0        0     0     0
stf0* 1280  <Link#3>                             0     0        0     0     0
en0   1500  <Link#4>    a8:20:66:09:b5:5d        0     0        0     0     0
en1   1500  <Link#5>    20:c9:d0:b5:29:25  1014117     0   616986     0     0
en1   1500  fe80::22c9: fe80:5::22c9:d0ff  1014117     -   616986     -     -
en1   1500  192.168.0     192.168.0.73     1014117     -   616986     -     -
fw0   4078  <Link#6>    00:3e:e1:ff:fe:4c:07:1a        0     0        0     0     0
p2p0  2304  <Link#7>    02:c9:d0:b5:29:25        0     0        0     0     0

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