how to pick out last charactor of a string? - Shell Programming and Scripting

cin2000 · #1 12-20-2005

Hi,
Does anyone know how many ways to pick out last charactor of a string?

Thanks!

Perderabo · #2 12-20-2005

What shell?

cin2000 · #3 12-20-2005

I am using ksh for this program.
But I'd also like to know if there is more than one way to do it.
Even maybe using awk, sed, perl....

Thanks a lot!

vgersh99 · #4 12-20-2005

Code:

#!/bin/ksh

a='123'
echo "${a#${a%?}}"

# OR
echo "${a}" | sed 's/.*\(.\)/\1/' 

# OR
echo "${a}"  | nawk '{print substr($0, length($0))}'

Ygor · #5 12-20-2005

Or...

Code:

expr "${a}" : '.*\(.\)'

zazzybob · #6 12-20-2005

- or....

Code:

echo "${a}" | tail -2c

BTW - it's -2c as there's a trailing newline too.....

Cheers
ZB

mahendramahendr · #7 12-21-2005

One more..

echo $a | cut -c${#a}

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