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Top Forums Programming Count Number Of Threads in a Process Post 33292 by S.P.Prasad on Thursday 26th of December 2002 04:12:09 AM
Old 12-26-2002
The size of the LWP pool has a critical impact on the performance of the many-to-many model: if the number of LWPs in the pool is nearly equal to the number of threads, the implementation will act much like the one-to-one model. Conversely, if there are very few LWPs in the pool, the implementation will act like the many-to-one model.
Of particular concern is the risk of deadlock with an excessively small pool: one thread may block on a resource in the kernel and go to sleep, and by so doing block the LWP needed to run the resource-holder. To solve this problem, the threads package makes a minimal guarantee to the threads programmer: progress will always be made. This is implemented through the use of the SIGWAITING signal. When the kernel realizes that all of a process's LWPs are blocked at the kernel level, it drops a SIGWAITING on the process. Upon receipt of the signal, the user-level threads package decides whether or not to create a new LWP, on the basis of the number of runnable threads. The SIGWAITING mechanism makes no guarantees about optimal use of LWPs on a multiprocessor. Specifically, a process may have many more runnable user-level threads than it has LWPs, but it does not receive a SIGWAITING until all LWPs are blocked. Thus, even if there are processors available and work to be done, the SIGWAITING mechanism does not guarantee that there is a sufficient number of LWPs to run the user threads on the available processors. If the programmer wishes to use unbound threads and take advantage of all available processors, he or she is required to advise the library on the number of LWPs required.
 

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PTHREAD_BARRIER(3)					   BSD Library Functions Manual 					PTHREAD_BARRIER(3)

NAME
pthread_barrier -- barrier interface LIBRARY
POSIX Threads Library (libpthread, -lpthread) SYNOPSIS
#include <pthread.h> int pthread_barrier_init(pthread_barrier_t * restrict barrier, const pthread_barrierattr_t * restrict attr, unsigned int count); int pthread_barrier_destroy(pthread_barrier_t *barrier); int pthread_barrier_wait(pthread_barrier_t *barrier); DESCRIPTION
The pthread_barrier_init() function creates a new barrier with attributes attr and count. The count parameter indicates the number of threads which will participate in the barrier. The pthread_barrierattr_init(3) function may be used to specify the attributes supplied in attr. If attr is NULL, the default attributes are used. Barriers are most commonly used in the decomposition of parallel loops. The pthread_barrier_destroy() function causes the resources allocated to barrier to be released. No threads should be blocked on barrier. The pthread_barrier_wait() function causes the current thread to wait on the barrier specified. Once as many threads as specified by the count parameter to the corresponding pthread_barrier_init() call have called pthread_barrier_wait(), all threads will wake up, return from their respective pthread_barrier_wait() calls and continue execution. RETURN VALUES
If successful, pthread_barrier_init() will return zero and put the new barrier id into barrier, otherwise an error number will be returned to indicate the error. If successful, pthread_barrier_destroy() will return zero. Otherwise an error value will be returned. If successful, pthread_barrier_wait() will return zero for all waiting threads except for one. One thread will receive status PTHREAD_BARRIER_SERIAL_THREAD, which is intended to indicate that this thread may be used to update shared data. It is the responsibility of this thread to insure the visibility and atomicity of any updates to shared data with respect to the other threads participating in the bar- rier. In the case of failure, an error value will be returned. ERRORS
The pthread_barrier_init() function may fail if: [EINVAL] The value specified by count is zero or attr is invalid. The pthread_barrier_destroy() function may fail if: [EBUSY] The barrier still has active threads associated with it. [EINVAL] The value specified by barrier is invalid. The pthread_barrier_wait() function may fail if: [EINVAL] The value specified by barrier is invalid. SEE ALSO
pthread_barrierattr(3), pthread_cond(3), pthread_mutex(3) STANDARDS
These functions conform to IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 (``POSIX.1''). BSD
July 8, 2010 BSD
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