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Special Forums Hardware Hyperthreaded virtual cores, different C-States? Post 302923141 by DGPickett on Thursday 30th of October 2014 04:32:36 PM
Old 10-30-2014
Often cache is just reloaded from the lower, slower layers on the new core, and eventually snooped empty on the old core when the data is modified. This means that while a different core may be available at an instant, it is better to wait a bit for the old core, which may not be 100% busy in the longer term. Of course, some caches cache keyed on virtual addresses, not physical ones, and may be flushed when other processes use the core. For them, dispatching multiple threads of the same process in succession reduces cache flushing. So, while you have asked for concurrent threads, that might actually be made less true in the fine by the system.

Hyperthreading is only for same-process threads, as they share the same virtual space. It is a nice way to increase use of CPU resources, with some added delay when threads' needs collide. It is an interesting alternate direction to the trend in modern CPU design to do speculative operations that are 50% or more a waste of the resource, but speed the critical thread. I find it reminiscent of the old Honeywell-800, where the CPU ran instructions of up to 8 threads more or less in rotation. (If you loaded the accumulator, it did not 'hunt', so many programmers used the accumulator as a register to hog the CPU and speed their thread.) I used to fix this stuff, before it crawled inside a chip!
 

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LSCPU(1)							   User Commands							  LSCPU(1)

NAME
lscpu - display information about the CPU architecture SYNOPSIS
lscpu [-a|-b|-c] [-x] [-s directory] [-e[=list]|-p[=list]] lscpu -h|-V DESCRIPTION
lscpu gathers CPU architecture information from sysfs and /proc/cpuinfo. The command output can be optimized for parsing or for easy read- ability by humans. The information includes, for example, the number of CPUs, threads, cores, sockets, and Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) nodes. There is also information about the CPU caches and cache sharing, family, model, bogoMIPS, byte order, and stepping. Options that result in an output table have a list argument. Use this argument to customize the command output. Specify a comma-separated list of column labels to limit the output table to only the specified columns, arranged in the specified order. See COLUMNS for a list of valid column labels. The column labels are not case sensitive. Not all columns are supported on all architectures. If an unsupported column is specified, lscpu prints the column but does not provide any data for it. COLUMNS CPU The logical CPU number of a CPU as used by the Linux kernel. CORE The logical core number. A core can contain several CPUs. SOCKET The logical socket number. A socket can contain several cores. BOOK The logical book number. A book can contain several sockets. NODE The logical NUMA node number. A node may contain several books. CACHE Information about how caches are shared between CPUs. ADDRESS The physical address of a CPU. ONLINE Indicator that shows whether the Linux instance currently makes use of the CPU. CONFIGURED Indicator that shows if the hypervisor has allocated the CPU to the virtual hardware on which the Linux instance runs. CPUs that are configured can be set online by the Linux instance. This column contains data only if your hardware system and hypervisor sup- port dynamic CPU resource allocation. POLARIZATION This column contains data for Linux instances that run on virtual hardware with a hypervisor that can switch the CPU dispatching mode (polarization). The polarization can be: horizontal The workload is spread across all available CPUs. vertical The workload is concentrated on few CPUs. For vertical polarization, the column also shows the degree of concentration, high, medium, or low. This column contains data only if your hardware system and hypervisor support CPU polarization. OPTIONS
-a, --all Include lines for online and offline CPUs in the output (default for -e). This option may only be specified together with option -e or -p. -b, --online Limit the output to online CPUs (default for -p). This option may only be specified together with option -e or -p. -c, --offline Limit the output to offline CPUs. This option may only be specified together with option -e or -p. -e, --extended[=list] Display the CPU information in human readable format. If the list argument is omitted, all columns for which data is available are included in the command output. When specifying the list argument, the string of option, equal sign (=), and list must not contain any blanks or other whitespace. Examples: '-e=cpu,node' or '--extended=cpu,node'. -h, --help Display help information and exit. -p, --parse[=list] Optimize the command output for easy parsing. If the list argument is omitted, the command output is compatible with earlier versions of lscpu. In this compatible format, two commas are used to separate CPU cache columns. If no CPU caches are identified the cache column is omitted. If the list argument is used, cache columns are separated with a colon (:). When specifying the list argument, the string of option, equal sign (=), and list must not contain any blanks or other whitespace. Examples: '-p=cpu,node' or '--parse=cpu,node'. -s, --sysroot directory Gather CPU data for a Linux instance other than the instance from which the lscpu command is issued. The specified directory is the system root of the Linux instance to be inspected. -x, --hex Use hexadecimal masks for CPU sets (for example 0x3). The default is to print the sets in list format (for example 0,1). -V, --version Display version information and exit. BUGS
The basic overview of CPU family, model, etc. is always based on the first CPU only. Sometimes in Xen Dom0 the kernel reports wrong data. On virtual hardware the number of cores per socket, etc. can be wrong. AUTHOR
Cai Qian <qcai@redhat.com> Karel Zak <kzak@redhat.com> Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> SEE ALSO
chcpu(8) AVAILABILITY
The lscpu command is part of the util-linux package and is available from ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/. util-linux January 2013 LSCPU(1)
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