ZWRITE(1)						      General Commands Manual							 ZWRITE(1)

NAME

       zwrite - write to another user via Zephyr

SYNOPSIS

       zwrite  [ -a ] [ -d ] [ -v ] [ -q ] [ -t ] [ -u ] [ -o ] [ -n ] [ -l ] [ -C ] [ -O opcode ] [ -s signature ] [ -c class ] [ -i instance ] [
       -r realm ] [ -f arg ] [ user ...  ] [ -m message ]

DESCRIPTION

       Zwrite sends a message from you to another user through the zephyr(1) notification service.  The user must have subscribed to  messages	of
       the appropriate class and instance using the zctl(1) program.

       Zwrite understands the following options.

       -a	   Causes zwrite to send the message authenticated, using Kerberos to perform the authentication.  This is the default.

       -d	   Causes zwrite to send the message unauthenticated.

       -v	   Causes zwrite to print what type of message it is sending, and whether or not it was successful.

       -q	   Forces zwrite to suppress information about whether or not the message was sent.

       -t	   Prevents zwrite from expanding tabs in the message into appropriate spaces.	Normally zwrite will expand any tabs it finds into
		   the appropriate number of spaces to maintain separation based on 8-character tab stops.

       -l	   Causes zwrite to ignore `.' on a line by itself in the input and only end a typed message when the user types  the  end-of-file
		   character (usually control-D).  When the input is not a terminal, this is the default action.

       -u	   Sends an urgent message.  This changes the zephyr instance of the message to ``URGENT''.

       -o	   Causes  zwrite  to  ignore  the  Zephyr  variables  zwrite-class,  zwrite-inst, and zwrite-opcode when picking a default class,
		   instance, and opcode.

       -n	   prevents zwrite from sending a PING message to verify the recipient is subscribing to messages.  By default, zwrite will send a
		   notice  to  the  destination  class,  instance, and recipient, with opcode ``PING'' before sending the message.  If the PING is
		   sent, and the server response indicates there are no recipients subscribed to your message, zwrite exits without sending a mes-
		   sage.  When the -n option is used, no PING is sent.

       -C	   prepends  a "CC:" line to the body of the message indicating the recipients of the message. This is strictly a convenience: the
		   presence of a "CC:" line at the top of a zephyr body does not necessarily indicate that this option was used, or that the  mes-
		   sage really was sent to the listed users, and its lack doesn't indicate that the message was not sent to multiple users.

       -s signature
		   sets  the signature to be included in the message.  This overrides both the user's name (as found in the password file) and any
		   setting of the Zephyr variable zwrite-signature.  signature must be a single argument, hence when using a shell  it	should	be
		   quoted with double quotes.  A signature argument of "" leaves the signature in the message empty.

       -c class    Allows  a  user to specify a different class for the message.  This allows a message to be sent to a large group of people with
		   some degree of security.  See zephyr(1) and zephyrd(8) for a description of how to  restrict  access  to  classes.	When  this
		   option is specified, the message is sent to recipient "*" unless an additional list of recipients is specified.
		   This argument may not be used in conjunction with the -f option.

       -i instance Allows a user to specify a different instance than the default.  When this option is used, the message is sent to recipient "*"
		   unless an additional list of recipients is specified.  This allows a message to be sent to a large  group  of  people  (e.g.  a
		   development	group)	just by having the members subscribe to messages of class "MESSAGE", the specified instance, and recipient
		   "*".
		   This argument may not be used in conjunction with the -f option.

       -r realm    Allows a user to specify a different realm for the message, if the server supports interrealm Zephyr.

       -F format   Allows a user to specify a different default format for the message.

       -O opcode   Allows a user to specify a different opcode for the message.  Some Zephyr notice display programs may use the opcode to  decide
		   how to display a notice.

       -f arg	   Allows a user to specify an argument to be interpreted as a filesystem specification.  The class is set to FILSRV.  he instance
		   is set to arg as modified: If arg contains no colons (`:'), it is assumed to be a host name, and it is converted into an  offi-
		   cial  host  name via gethostbyname(3).  If arg contains a colon, the portion preceding the colon is treated as a host name, and
		   the colon and any trailing characters are appended to the offical host name returned by gethostbyname.  If the  name  fails	to
		   resolve into an official host name, the instance is set to arg unmodified.
		   This option may not be used in conjunction with the -c or -i option.

       -m	   Zwrite sends the remaining arguments on the command line as the message.

       If the -m option is not specified, the user is prompted for the message to be sent.  The message may be terminated by typing ^D or ``.'' on
       a line by itself.

       The default class for messages is ``MESSAGE'', the default instance is ``PERSONAL'', andthe default  opcode  is	``''  (an  empty  string).
       These  defaults can be overridden by setting the Zephyr variables zwrite-class, zwrite-inst, and zwrite-opcode, respectively.  Command-line
       options can override the defaults.

       If the class is ``MESSAGE'' and the instance is either ``PERSONAL'' or ``URGENT'', a recipient must be specified.   These  comparisons  are
       case-sensitive.

       Unless  the -s option is used, the contents of the Zephyr variable zwrite-signature are used to augment the user's username in the message.
       If zwrite-signature is not set and the -s option is not specified, the user's full name	(as  specified	in  the  password  file)  is  used
       instead.

BUGS

       Tab expansion should really be done by the receiver of the message.
       The  -u option is provided for compatibility with old versions of zwrite and is not necessarily useful for sending messages to users who do
       not have old subscription files.

SEE ALSO

       kerberosintro(1), zctl(1), zephyr(1), zwgc(1), zhm(8), zephyrd(8), gethostbyname(3)
       Project Athena Technical Plan Section E.4.1, `Zephyr Notification Service'

FILES

       /etc/passwd
       $ZEPHYR_VARS or $HOME/.zephyr.vars

AUTHOR

       Robert S. French (MIT-Project Athena)

RESTRICTIONS

       Copyright (c) 1987,1988 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.  All Rights Reserved.
       zephyr(1) specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.

MIT Project Athena						 October 26, 1989							 ZWRITE(1)