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Top Forums UNIX for Dummies Questions & Answers Solaris Logic to transmit traffic to physical interfaces ( eg ce0 and ce1) Post 302720185 by shamrock on Tuesday 23rd of October 2012 02:22:53 PM
Old 10-23-2012
From the routing manpage...
Code:
Routing Algorithm
      The routing table entries are of three types:

           +  Entries for a specific host.
           +  Entries for all hosts on a specific network.
           +  Wildcard entries for any destination not matched by entries of
              the first two types.

      To select a route for forwarding an IP packet, the network facilities
      select the complete set of "matching" routing table entries from the
      routing table. A routing table entry is considered a match, if the
      result of the bit-wise AND operation between the netmask in the
      routing entry and the IP packet's destination address equals to the
      destination address in the routing entry.

      The network facilities then select from the set the routing entries
      that have the longest netmask.  The length of a netmask is defined as
      the number of contiguous 1 bits starting from the leftmost bit
      position in the 32-bit netmask field. In other words, the network
      facilities select the routing entry that specifies the narrowest range
      of IP addresses.  For example, the host route entry that has a
      destination/netmask pair of (147.253.56.1, 0xffffffff), is more
      specific than the network route entry that has a destination/netmask
      pair of (147.253.56.0, 0xfffffe00), therefore the network facilities
      select the host route entry. The default route by default has a
      destination/netmask pair of (0,0). Therefore the default route matches
      all destinations but it is also the least specific.  The default route
      will be selected only if there is not a more specific route.

      There may still be multiple routing entries remaining. In that case
      the IP packet is routed over the first entry displayed by netstat -r.
      Such multiple routes include:

           +  Two or more routes to a host via different gateways.
           +  Two or more routes to a network via different gateways.
           +  Two default routes.

      A superuser can change entries in the table by using the route command
      (see route(1M), or by information received in Internet Control Message
      Protocol (ICMP) redirect messages.

 

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routing(7P)							     Protocols							       routing(7P)

NAME
routing - system support for packet network routing DESCRIPTION
The network facilities provide general packet routing. The routing interface described here can be used to maintain the system's IPv4 rout- ing table. It has been maintained for compatibility with older applications. The recommended interface for maintaining the system's routing tables is the routing socket, described at route(7P). The routing socket can be used to manipulate both the IPv4 and IPv6 routing tables of the system. Routing table maintenance may be implemented in applications processes. A simple set of data structures compose a "routing table" used in selecting the appropriate network interface when transmitting packets. This table contains a single entry for each route to a specific network or host. The routing table was designed to support routing for the Internet Protocol (IP), but its implementation is protocol independent and thus it may serve other protocols as well. User programs may manipulate this data base with the aid of two ioctl(2) commands, SIOCADDRT and SIOCDELRT. These commands allow the addition and deletion of a single routing table entry, respectively. Routing table manipulations may only be carried out by privileged user. A routing table entry has the following form, as defined in /usr/include/net/route.h: struct rtentry { unit_t rt_hash; /* to speed lookups */ struct sockaddr rt_dst; /* key */ struct sockaddr rt_gateway; /* value */ short rt_flags; /* up/down?, host/net */ short rt_refcnt; /* # held references */ unit_t rt_use; /* raw # packets forwarded */ /* * The kernel does not use this field, and without it the structure is * datamodel independent. */ #if !defined(_KERNEL) struct ifnet *rt_ifp; /* the answer: interface to use */ #endif /* !defined(_KERNEL) */ }; with rt_flags defined from: #define RTF_UP 0x1 /* route usable */ #define RTF_GATEWAY 0x2 /* destination is a gateway */ #define RTF_HOST 0x4 /* host entry (net otherwise) */ There are three types of routing table entries: those for a specific host, those for all hosts on a specific network, and those for any destination not matched by entries of the first two types, called a wildcard route. Each network interface installs a routing table entry when it is initialized. Normally the interface specifies if the route through it is a "direct" connection to the destination host or network. If the route is direct, the transport layer of a protocol family usually requests the packet be sent to the same host specified in the packet. Otherwise, the interface may be requested to address the packet to an entity different from the eventual recipient; essentially, the packet is forwarded. Routing table entries installed by a user process may not specify the hash, reference count, use, or interface fields; these are filled in by the routing routines. If a route is in use when it is deleted, meaning its rt_refcnt is non-zero, the resources associated with it will not be reclaimed until all references to it are removed. User processes read the routing tables through the /dev/ip device. The rt_use field contains the number of packets sent along the route. This value is used to select among multiple routes to the same desti- nation. When multiple routes to the same destination exist, the least used route is selected. A wildcard routing entry is specified with a zero destination address value. Wildcard routes are used only when the system fails to find a route to the destination host and network. The combination of wildcard routes and routing redirects can provide an economical mechanism for routing traffic. ERRORS
EEXIST A request was made to duplicate an existing entry. ESRCH A request was made to delete a non-existent entry. ENOBUFS Insufficient resources were available to install a new route. ENOMEM Insufficient resources were available to install a new route. ENETUNREACH The gateway is not directly reachable. For example, it does not match the destination/subnet on any of the network interfaces. FILES
/dev/ip IP device driver SEE ALSO
route(1M), ioctl(2), route(7P) SunOS 5.10 9 Nov 1999 routing(7P)
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