vi(1)							      General Commands Manual							     vi(1)

NAME

       vi, vedit, view - Edits files with a full screen display

SYNOPSIS

   Normal Syntax
       vi [-ls] [-R] | [-r] [-c subcommand] [-t tag] [-w number] [-x] [-v] [+[subcommand]] [-] [file...]

   Read-only Syntax
       view [-l] [-R] | [-r] [-t tag] [-c subcommand] [-w number] [-x] [-v] [+[subcommand]] [-] [file...]

   Novice Version Syntax
       vedit [-l] [-R] | [-r] [-t tag] [-w number] [-x] [-v] [-] [file...]

       The vi command is a display editor that is based on an underlying line editor (ex).

STANDARDS

       Interfaces documented on this reference page conform to industry standards as follows:

       vi: XCU5.0

       vedit: XCU5.0

       view: XCU5.0

       ex: XCU5.0

       Refer to the standards(5) reference page for more information about industry standards and associated tags.

OPTIONS

       Performs the specified ex subcommand before editing begins.

	      This  subcommand may actually consist of several commands separated by vertical line (|) characters.  Indents appropriately for LISP
	      code, and accepts the (, ), {, }, [, and ] characters (parentheses, braces, and brackets) as text rather than interpreting  them	as
	      vi  subcommands.	The LISP modifier is active in open or visual modes.  Recovers file after an editor or system crash. If you do not
	      specify a file, vi displays a list of all saved files.  [Tru64 UNIX]  Invokes vi in open mode.  (Silent mode.)   Sets  the  readonly
	      option to protect the file against overwriting.

	      [Tru64 UNIX]  This option is automatically invoked if you use the view command.  Edits the file containing the tag and positions the
	      editor at its definition.  To use this option, you must first create a database of function names  and  their  locations	using  the
	      ctags  command.  [Tru64 UNIX]  Invokes the visual editor.  When the -v option is specified, an enlarged set of subcommands is avail-
	      able, including screen editing and cursor movement features.  This option has no effect when vi is specified,  but  is  honored  for
	      compatibility  with  historical conventions.  Sets the default window size to number.  This is useful when you use the editor over a
	      low-speed line.  [Tru64 UNIX]  Prompts for an encryption key and then unencrypts the file.  If the file specified is  not  encrypted
	      or an incorrect key is entered, garbled text is displayed.  [Tru64 UNIX]	Suppresses all interactive user feedback.  If you use this
	      option, file input/output errors do not generate an error message.  Performs the ex subcommand before editing begins.  If you do not
	      specify subcommand, the cursor is placed on the last line of the file.  This option is obsolescent.

	      This subcommand may actually consist of several commands separated by vertical line (|) characters.

OPERANDS

       The  file argument specifies the files to be edited.  If you supply more than one file on the command line, vi edits each file in the order
       specified.

DESCRIPTION

       The ex editor subcommands can be used within the vi editor, because vi is based on ex.  The view command is a read-only version of vi;  the
       readonly  option  is set to protect files during browsing.  The vedit command is a version of vi intended for beginners.  In it, the report
       option is set to 1, the showmode option is set, and the novice option (making vedit a line editor, rather than a  screen  editor)  is  set.
       (For more information on these options, see Setting Options.)

       When  you  use vi, changes you make to a file are reflected on your display.  The position of the cursor on the display indicates its posi-
       tion within the file.  The subcommands affect the file at the cursor position.

       [Tru64 UNIX]  You can encrypt a file using the :X subcommand.  Ensure that you remember the encryption key because an easy means  to  unen-
       crypt a file does not exist.  Only the first 6 characters of a key are significant.

   Limitations of the vi Editor
       The  maximum  limits  of  the  vi  editor are as follows: [Tru64 UNIX]  2048 bytes per line [Tru64 UNIX]  256 bytes per global command list
       [Tru64 UNIX]  128 bytes in the previous inserted and deleted text [Tru64 UNIX]  128 bytes in a shell escape command [Tru64 UNIX]  128 bytes
       in a string-valued option [Tru64 UNIX]  100 bytes in a tag name [Tru64 UNIX]  128 map macros with 2048 bytes total.

   Editing Modes
       The vi editor has the following operational modes: When you start the vi editor, it is in Command mode.	Any subcommand can be entered from
       this mode, except commands that can only be used in the Text Input mode (those subcommands that make corrections  during  text  insertion).
       When subcommands and the other modes end, vi returns to Command mode.  Pressing the <Esc> key cancels a partial subcommand.  Entered by the
       a, A, i, I, o, O, cx (where x represents the scope of the subcommand), C, s, S, and R subcommands. After entering one  of  these  commands,
       you can enter text into the editing buffer at the current cursor position.  To return to Command mode, press <Esc> for normal exit or press
       the Interrupt key sequence to end abruptly.  Some subcommands (those with the prefix : (colon), / (slash), ?  (question mark), or !!)  read
       input  on  a  line  displayed at the bottom of the screen.  When you enter the initial character, vi places the cursor at the bottom of the
       screen, where you enter the remaining characters of the command.  Press <Return> to perform the subcommand  and	enter  the  Interrupt  key
       sequence to cancel it.

	      When  !!	 is used, the cursor moves only after the two exclamation points are entered.  When : is used, special meaning is given to
	      the following characters if used as counts before a command: All lines, regardless of cursor position Last line Current line

   Setting Options
       The vi editor allows you to customize options so that you can use the editor for a specific task.  Use the set command to set or change	an
       option.	 To view the current setting of all options, enter :set all while in vi Command mode.  To view the current setting of options that
       may be set to a value, enter a line of the form :set option.

       Some options are set to a string or a number value; other options are simply turned on or off.  To change an option that is set to a value,
       enter  a  command  in the form :set option=value. To toggle an option that can be set to on or off, enter a line of the form :set option to
       set it to on or :set nooption to set it to off.

       Options can be abbreviated in a set command.  The following table lists some of vi's options, along with abbreviations and descriptions:

       Option		  Abbreviation	 Description
       [no]autoindent	  ai		 Indents  automatically   in
					 Text  mode  to the indenta-
					 tion on the  previous	line
					 by    using   the   spacing
					 between tab stops specified
					 by  the  shiftwidth option.
					 The default  is  noai.   To
					 back  the  cursor up to the
					 previous  tab	stop,	type
					 <Ctrl-d>.   This  option is
					 not in  effect  for  global
					 commands.
       [no]autoprint	  ap		 Prints   the  current	line
					 after	any   command	that
					 changes the editing buffer.
					 The default  is  ap.	This
					 option  applies only to the
					 last command in a  sequence
					 of  commands  on  a  single
					 line, and is not in  effect
					 for global commands.
       [no]autowrite	  aw		 Writes  the  editing buffer
					 to the  file  automatically
					 before  the :n, :ta, <Ctrl-
					 a>, and !   subcommands  if
					 the   editing	 buffer  was
					 changed  since   the	last
					 write command.  The default
					 is noaw.

       [no]beautify	  bf		 Prevents user from entering
					 control  characters (except
					 for tab, newline, and form-
					 feed) in the editing buffer
					 during  text  entry.	 The
					 default   is	nobf.	This
					 option does apply  to	com-
					 mand input.
       closepunct	  cp=		 The default is cp='".,;)]}.
       directory	  dir=		 Displays the directory that
					 contains the  editing	buf-
					 fer.	  The	default   is
					 dir=/var/tmp.
       [no]edcompatible   ed		 Retains global (g) and con-
					 firms	(c)  subcommand suf-
					 fixes during multiple	sub-
					 stitutions  and  causes the
					 read  (r)  suffix  to	work
					 like the r subcommand.  The
					 default is noed.
       [no]errorbells	  eb		 Precedes   error   messages
					 with  an <Alert> character.
					 Setting  this	option	 off
					 (noeb)  does  not  suppress
					 the  alerting	 in   visual
					 mode.	The default is noeb.
       [no]exrc 	  "!		 If  not  set,	ignores  any
					 file in the current  direc-
					 tory during initialization,
					 unless the  current  direc-
					 tory  is  that named by the
					 HOME variable.  The default
					 is noexrc.
       [no]flash	  fl		 Uses  visual  flash  rather
					 than  audible	bell.	 The
					 default is fl.
       hardtabs 	  ht=		 Tells	 vi   the   distance
					 between  the  hardware  tab
					 stops on your display.  The
					 default is ht=8.
       [no]ignorecase	  ic		 Ignores   the	 distinction
					 between  uppercase and low-
					 ercase while searching  for
					 regular  expressions.	 The
					 default is noic.
       [no]lisp 	  lisp		 Enters vi in LISP mode.  In
					 this mode, vi appropriately
					 indents for LISP  code  and
					 the (, ), {, }, [[, and ]].
					 The default is nolisp.
       [no]list 	  list		 Displays text with tabs and
					 the  end  of  lines marked.
					 Tabs are  displayed  as  ^I
					 and  the end of lines as $.
					 The default is nolist.

       [no]magic	  magic 	 Treats  the  characters  [,
					 and * as special characters
					 in  scans.   In  Off  mode,
					 only  the (, ), and $ char-
					 acters retain special mean-
					 ings;	  however,   special
					 meaning of other characters
					 can  still  be  invoked  by
					 preceding   the   character
					 with  a  (backslash).  The
					 default is magic.
       [no]mesg 	  mesg		 Permits other users to  use
					 the  talk or write commands
					 to write  to  the  terminal
					 when  in  visual mode.  The
					 shell level mesg n  command
					 takes	precedence  over the
					 mesg option.  If  a  mesg y
					 command  was  issued before
					 vi  (or  ex)  was  started,
					 set nomesg  can  be used to
					 suppress  message,  but   a
					 set mesg   input   can  not
					 override a mesg n  command.
					 The default is mesg.
       [no]modeline	  modeline	 Runs an editor command line
					 if found in the first	five
					 and  the last five lines of
					 the file.  An	editor	com-
					 mand  line  may be anywhere
					 in a line.   To  be  recog-
					 nized as a command line, it
					 must contain a space  or  a
					 tab  followed by the string
					 ex: or  vi:.	The  command
					 line is ended by a second :
					 (colon).  The editor  tries
					 to   interpret   any	data
					 between the first and	sec-
					 ond  :  as editor commands.
					 The default is nomodeline.
       [no]novice	  novice	 The default is nonovice.
       [no]number	  nu		 Displays   lines   prefixed
					 with  their  line  numbers.
					 The default is nonu.
       [no]optimize	  opt		 Speeds up the operation  of
					 terminals  that do not have
					 cursor   addressing.	 The
					 default is noopt.
       paragraphs	  para= 	 Defines  macro  names	that
					 start	 paragraphs.	 The
					 default    is	 para=IPLPP-
					 PQPP LIpplpipnpbp.   Single
					 letter  nroff	macros, such
					 as

						must   include	 the
						space  as  a  quoted
						character if respec-
						ifying a paragraph.
       partialcharacter   pc=		 The default is pc=-.

       [no]prompt	  prompt	 Prompts  for  command	mode
					 input	with  a  :  (colon).
					 When  not set, no prompt is
					 displayed. The  default  is
					 prompt.
       readonly 	  "		 Allows writing to a differ-
					 ent file.  In addition, the
					 write	 can  be  forced  by
					 using the  !	(exclamation
					 point)  character  (see the
					 editor command write).  The
					 default  is off, unless the
					 file lacks write permission
					 or  the -R option is speci-
					 fied.
       [no]redraw	  re		 Simulates a  smart  display
					 on  a	dumb  display.	 The
					 default is nore.
       [no]remap	  remap 	 Enables  following  of  map
					 keys.	  For	example,  if
					 remap is set, map u k map r
					 u causes r to map to k.  If
					 noremap is set, r  maps  to
					 u.  The default is remap.
       report		  report=	 Sets  the number of repeti-
					 tions of a command before a
					 message  is displayed.  For
					 subcommands that  can	pro-
					 duce  a number of messages,
					 such as global subcommands,
					 the  messages are displayed
					 when the  command  is	com-
					 pleted.    The  default  is
					 report=5.
       scroll		  scr=		 Sets the number of lines to
					 be scrolled when you scroll
					 the screen up or down.  The
					 default  scroll is one-half
					 the size of the screen.
       sections 	  sect= 	 Defines  macro  names	that
					 start	   sections.	 The
					 default		  is
					 sect=NHSHH HUuhsh+c.	Sin-
					 gle  letter  nroff  macros,
					 such as

						must   include	 the
						space  as  a  quoted
						character if respec-
						ifying a paragraph.
       shell		  sh=		 Defines the shell for !  or
					 :!   commands.  The default
					 is the value of  the  SHELL
					 environment variable.
       shiftwidth	  sw=		 Sets  the  distance for the
					 software tab stops used  by
					 autoindent,  the shift com-
					 mands (> and  <),  and  the
					 text input commands (<Ctrl-
					 d> and <Ctrl-t>)  to  allow
					 the  editor  to indent text
					 and move back to a previous
					 indentation.	The  default
					 is sw=8.

       [no]showmatch	  sm		 Shows	the  matching	open
					 parenthesis ( or open brace
					 { as  you  type  the  close
					 parenthesis   )   or  close
					 brace }.   The  default  is
					 nosm.
       [no]showmode	  smd		 Displays  mode indicator at
					 the bottom  of  the  screen
					 when	in   the  insert  or
					 replace mode.	The  default
					 is nosmd.
       [no]slowopen	  slow		 Postpones updating the dis-
					 play during  inserts.	 The
					 default is noslow.
       [no]sourceany			 Allows   the	use  of  the
					 source command  on  a	file
					 that  a  user does not own.
					 The default is nosourceany.
       tabstop		  ts=		 Sets the  distance  between
					 tab  stops  when  a file is
					 displayed.  The default  is
					 ts=8.
       taglength	  tl=		 Determines  length  of tag.
					 The default is tl=0.
       [no]tags 	  tag		 Specifies a list of  possi-
					 ble   file   names  of  tag
					 files.   The	default   is
					 tag=tags /usr/lib/tags.
       term		  term= 	 Sets  the  kind  of display
					 you are using.  The default
					 is  term=$TERM, where $TERM
					 is the value  of  the	TERM
					 shell variable.
       [no]terse	  terse 	 Allows  vi  to  display the
					 short form of messages. The
					 default is noterse.
       [no]timeout	  to		 Sets a time limit of 2 sec-
					 onds on  entry  of  charac-
					 ters.	 This  limit  allows
					 the characters in  a  macro
					 to be entered and processed
					 as separate characters when
					 timeout  is  set. To resume
					 use  of  the	macro,	 set
					 notimeout.   The default is
					 to.
       ttytype		  tty=		 Same as term.
       [no]warn 	  warn		 Displays a warning  message
					 before  the  !   subcommand
					 executes a shell command if
					 this  is the first time you
					 issued  a   shell   command
					 after	 a   given   set  of
					 changes were  made  in  the
					 editing   buffer,  but  not
					 written  to  a  file.	 The
					 default is warn.

       window		  wi=		 Sets  the  number  of lines
					 displayed in one window  of
					 text. The default is depen-
					 dent on the  baud  rate  at
					 which	you  are  operating:
					 600  baud  or	less  /   8
					 lines,  1200	baud  /  16
					 lines, higher	 speeds   /
					 full  screen  minus  1.
       wrapmargin	  wm=		 Sets  the  margin for auto-
					 matic wordwrapping from one
					 line  to  the next. A value
					 of   wm=8,   for   example,
					 causes  vi  to  wrap  addi-
					 tional  characters  to  the
					 next  line  when the cursor
					 is  8	characters  or	less
					 from  the  right  margin. A
					 value	of  0  indicates  no
					 wordwrapping.	The  default
					 is wm=0.
       [no]wrapscan	  ws		 Allows string	searches  to
					 wrap  from  the  end of the
					 editing   buffer   to	 the
					 beginning.   The default is
					 ws.
       wraptype 	  wt=		 (For editing Japanese) Con-
					 trols	wrapping of Japanese
					 words.    Setting     wrap-
					 type=general	causes	gen-
					 eral-purpose wrap  on	word
					 breaks, where word break is
					 defined  as  whitespace  or
					 space	between two nonASCII
					 characters.  Setting  wrap-
					 type=general  is a combina-
					 tion of word and  flexible.
					 Setting       wraptype=word
					 causes wrap on words.	Set-
					 ting  wraptype=rigid causes
					 wrap on column  and  before
					 closing  punctuation.	Set-
					 ting	   wraptype=flexible
					 causes  wrap on column, but
					 closing   punctuation	 may
					 extend   past	the  margin.
					 The default is wt=word.
       [no]writeany	  wa		 Turns off the	checks	usu-
					 ally  made  before  a write
					 command.   The  default  is
					 nowa.

   Defining Macros
       If  you use a subcommand or sequence of subcommands frequently, you can create a macro that issues the subcommand or sequence when you call
       a macro.  To create a macro, enter the sequence of subcommands into an editing buffer named with a letter of the alphabet.   When  used	as
       buffer names, lowercase ASCII letters a through z overlay the contents of the buffer, while uppercase ASCII letters A through Z append text
       to the previous contents of the buffer, allowing the building of a macro piece by piece.

       To invoke the macro, enter @x, where x is the letter name of the buffer.  Enter @@ to repeat the last macro you invoked.

   Mapping Keys
       You can use the map command to set a keystroke to a subcommand or a sequence of subcommands.  To set a key mapping, enter :map key  subcom-
       mand  where key is the key to which you want to assign a subcommand or sequence of subcommands and subcommand is the subcommand or sequence
       of subcommands.	For example, to set @ to delete lines, enter: :map @ dd

       In this example, @ is the key to which the subcommand is assigned and dd is the subcommand.

       In the next example, a subcommand sequence is mapped to a key: :map * {>}

       The * (asterisk) is the key to which the subcommand sequence is assigned and {>} is the subcommand sequence.  The { (open brace) moves  the
       cursor to the beginning of the paragraph and the > (right angle bracket) indents the paragraph to the next shiftwidth.

       To  display the list of the current key mappings while you are in Command mode, enter the :map command.	You can also remove a key mapping.
       To remove a key mapping, enter :unmap string or :unmap!	string where string is the string used after the :map command to set the  key  and
       subcommand sequence.  For example, to remove key mapping for the previous example, enter: :unmap *

       If function keys are defined for your terminal, they can be put in a map or unmap command by typing <Ctrl-v> then pressing the desired key.
       In this way, function keys that are unused during editing can be mapped to useful editing subcommand sequences.

       If the !  (exclamation point) character is appended to the command name map (map!), the mapping is effective during input mode rather  than
       during visual mode.

   Abbreviations
       You  can  define  abbreviations for long phrases that you use often.  The vi editor then automatically expands these abbreviations whenever
       you enter them in insert mode. Only single-byte characters can appear in abbr_string; abbr_string cannot contain  Asian	multibyte  charac-
       ters.

       To define an abbreviation, enter: :abbr abbreviation phrase

       where  abbreviation is the abbreviation you specify for the longer text specified by phrase.  For example, to specify the abbreviation imho
       for the phrase In my humble opinion, enter: :abbr imho In my humble opinion

   Keeping a Customized Change
       When you customize vi from the vi command line, the customized editor is in effect until you exit the editor.  If you want  to  reuse  such
       things as option settings and key mappings, you must put them in the file in your home directory or define the EXINIT environment variable.
       The vi editor processes the commands given in the EXINIT variable or reads the file each time you invoke it. Here is an example of an file:

       set ai aw set wm=5 map  @  dd

       Users with both a file and an EXINIT environment variable will find that the vi editor no longer reads the file. This change  was  made	to
       meet the specifications of XPG4.

       The  standard  provides	for an approximation of the old behavior. A new variable, named exrc, is defined. When this variable is set by the
       commands in the EXINIT environment variable, the editor reads in the current directory for additional startup commands. For example: setenv
       EXINIT 'set ai terse magic bf wm=1 exrc'

       [Tru64  UNIX]  Additionally,  the  editor refuses to read the file if its mode grants write permission to anyone other than the owner; this
       restriction prevents certain security breaches.	No overt indication is given when such a refusal occurs.

   vi Character Sets
       The collation sequence, as defined by the value of the LC_COLLATE environment variable, defines the alphanumeric set used by  your  system.
       This table affects the performance of vi macros and subcommands.

       The  vi	editor uses the collation sequence to distinguish between a small word and a big word.	A small word is bounded by letters or num-
       bers as defined in the collation table.	For example, isn't is two small words.	The ' (apostrophe) is not a number or an alphabetic  char-
       acter,  and  it	bounds	both  the small word t and the small word isn.	A big word is bounded by spaces, tabs, or newline indicators.  For
       example, stop is a big word. For more information, see the section Moving to Words.

   Subcommand Syntax
       [named_buffer] [operator] [number] argument

       Surrounding brackets indicate optional items.  A temporary text storage area.  Specifies the subcommand or action; instructs the vi editor.
       A whole decimal value that specifies either the extent of the action or a line address.	The vi editor interprets this number in one of the
       following ways: Go to line number: 5G 10z<Return> Go forward number columns.  25<Space>	Scroll	number	of  lines:  10<Ctrl-d>	10<Ctrl-u>
       Delete number lines: 6dd The % means all.  To yank all lines: %y

	      (The  preceding  command	replaces  1,$y.)  Specifies what to act on.  This can be a text object (a character, word, sentence, para-
	      graph, section, or character string) or a text position (a line, position in the current line, or screen position).

   Moving Within a File
       Enter the following subcommands in Command mode.  You can cancel an incomplete subcommand by pressing the <Esc> key.  Moves the cursor  one
       character  to the left.	Moves the cursor down one line, remaining in the same column.  Moves the cursor up one line, remaining in the same
       column.	Moves the cursor one character to the right.

	      Long lines:  Lines over one screen width are wrapped but not broken.  When using the Up Arrow or Page Up key, @ lines are  added	at
	      the  bottom  of  the  screen  when  too few physical lines are available to display the complete line.  The Down Arrow key moves the
	      entire line off the screen at once.

   Character Positioning Within a Line
       Enter the following subcommands in Command mode.  Moves the cursor to the first nonspace character.  Moves the cursor to the  beginning	of
       the  line.   Moves the cursor to the end of the line.  Moves the cursor to the next x character.  Moves the cursor to the last x character.
       Moves the cursor to one column before the next x character.  Moves the cursor to one column after the last x character.	Repeats  the  last
       f, F, t, or T subcommand.  Repeats the last f, F, t, or T subcommand in the opposite direction.	Moves the cursor to the specified column.

   Moving to Words
       Enter  the  following  subcommands in Command mode.  Moves the cursor to the next small word.  Moves the cursor to the previous small word.
       Moves the cursor to the end of the next small word.  Moves the cursor to the next big word.  Moves the cursor to  the  previous	big  word.
       Moves the cursor to the end of the next big word.

   Moving by Line Positioning
       Enter  the  following subcommands in Command mode.  Moves to the line number given as preceding argument, or the end of the file if no pre-
       ceding count is given.  Moves the cursor to the top line on the screen.	Moves the cursor to the last line on the screen.  Moves the cursor
       to  the	middle	line on the screen.  Moves the cursor to the next line, at its first nonspace character.  Moves the cursor to the previous
       line, at its first nonspace character.  Moves the cursor to the next line, at its first nonspace character.

   Moving to Sentences, Paragraphs, or Sections
       Enter the following subcommands in Command mode.  You can cancel an incomplete subcommand by pressing the <Esc> key.  Places the cursor	at
       the  beginning  of the previous sentence (or the previous S-expression if you are in LISP mode).  Places the cursor at the beginning of the
       next sentence (or the next S-expression if you are in LISP mode).  Places the cursor at the beginning of the previous paragraph (or at  the
       next list if you are in LISP mode).  Places the cursor at the beginning of the next paragraph, at the next section if you are in C mode, or
       at the next list if you are in LISP mode.  Requires a count; the cursor is placed in that column (if possible).	Places the cursor  at  the
       next section, or function if you are in LISP mode.  Places the cursor at the previous section, or function if you are in LISP mode.

   Paging and Scrolling
       Scrolls up (default 12 lines).  Scrolls down (default 12 lines).  Pages forward one screen.  Pages backward one screen.	Scrolls the window
       up one line.  Scrolls the window down one line.	Moves to the first non-white character in the next line.  A count specifies the number	of
       lines  to go forward.  Inserts shiftwidth white space in input mode, if at the beginning of the line or preceded only by white space.  This
       inserted space can only be backed over using <Ctrl-d>.  Cancels a partially formed command; sounds the bell if there is none.

	      In input mode, terminates input mode.

	      When entering a command on the bottom line of the screen (ex command line or search pattern with / or ?), terminates input and  exe-
	      cutes command.  Pages up.  Pages down.

   Searching for Patterns
       The  following commands allow you to search for patterns within a file.	Patterns can be regular expressions as described for grep.  Places
       the cursor at the next line containing pattern.	Repeats the last search for pattern in the direction of the end of the file.   Places  the
       cursor  at  the	next previous line containing pattern.	Repeats the last search for pattern in the direction of the beginning of the file.
       Repeats the last search for pattern in the same direction.  Repeats the last search for pattern in the opposite direction.  Places the cur-
       sor  at the numberth line after the line matching pattern.  Places the cursor at the numberth line before the line matching pattern.  Finds
       the parenthesis or brace that matches the one at the current cursor position.

   Marking and Returning
       Enter the following subcommands in Command mode.  You can cancel an incomplete subcommand by pressing the <Esc> key.  Moves the	cursor	to
       the  same cursor position of the previous current line.	Moves the cursor to the beginning of the previous current line.  Marks the current
       position with the letter specified by x.  Moves the cursor to the same cursor position of line marked x.  Moves the cursor to the beginning
       of the line marked x.

   Adjusting the Screen
       Enter  the  following subcommands in Command mode.  An incomplete subcommand can be canceled by pressing the <Esc> key.	Clears and redraws
       the screen.  Redraws the screen and eliminates blank lines marked with a @.  Redraws the screen with the current line at  the  top  of  the
       screen.	 Redraws  the screen with the current line at the bottom of the screen.  Redraws the screen with the current line at the center of
       the screen.  Redraws the screen with the line containing pattern at the top.  Redraws the screen with the line containing  pattern  at  the
       top.   Redraws  the screen with the line containing pattern at the bottom.  Redraws the screen with the line containing pattern at the cen-
       ter.  Makes the window number lines long.

   Adding Text to a File--Text Input Mode
       The following subcommands are entered in Command mode and bring the vi editor into Text Input mode to allow you to add text to  your  file.
       End  Text Input mode by pressing the <Esc> key.	Inserts text after the cursor.	Adds text to the end of the line.  Inserts text before the
       cursor.	Inserts text before the first nonspace character in the line.  Adds an empty line below the current  line.   Adds  an  empty  line
       above the current line.

   Changing Text While in Input Mode
       Use  the  following  commands  only  while  in  Text Entry mode.  They have different meanings in Command mode.	Erases the last character.
       Erases the last small word.  (For more information about small words, see the section vi Character Sets.)  Quotes the Erase and Kill  char-
       acters.	 Ends  insertion,  back  to  Command mode.  Interrupts, terminates insert or <Ctrl-d>.	Goes back to the previous autoindent stop.
       Ends autoindent for this line only.  Moves the cursor back to the left margin.  Quotes a nonprinting character.

   Changing Text from Command Mode
       Use the following subcommands in Command mode.  An incomplete subcommand can be canceled by pressing the <Esc> key.  Changes  the  rest	of
       the  line (c$).	Must be followed by a movement command.  Deletes the specified region of text and enters input mode to replace it with the
       entered text.  If more than part of a single line is affected, the deleted text is saved in the numeric buffers.  If only part of the  cur-
       rent line is affected, the last character to be deleted is marked with a $.  A count is passed through to the move command.  If the command
       is cc, the whole of the current line is changed.  Changes a line.  Changes a word.  Deletes the rest of the line (d$) and puts it into  the
       undo  buffer.  Must be followed by a movement command.  Deletes the specified region of text.  If more than part of a line is affected, the
       text is saved in the numeric buffers.  A count is passed through to the move command.  If the command is dd, the whole of the current  line
       is deleted.  Deletes a line and puts it into the undo buffer.  Deletes a word and puts it into the undo buffer.	Joins lines.  Replaces the
       current character with the character specified by x.  Overwrites characters.  Substitutes characters (cl).  Substitutes lines (cc).  Undoes
       the previous change.  Deletes a character.  Deletes characters before cursor (dh).  Shifts one line to the left.  Shifts all lines from the
       cursor to the end of the screen to the left.  (The < character describes a range upon which the L subcommand acts.)  Shifts one line to the
       right.	Shifts	all lines from the cursor to the end of the screen to the right.  (The > character describes a range upon which the L sub-
       command acts.)  Changes the letter at the cursor to the opposite case.

   Copying and Moving Text
       Use the following subcommands in Command mode.  An incomplete subcommand can be canceled by pressing <Esc>.  Puts back  text  in  the  undo
       buffer  after  (before)	the  cursor.  Puts back text from the buffer x after (before) the cursor.  You must precede the character x with a
       double quote.  Deletes object into the buffer x.  You must precede the character x with a double quote.	Yanks object into the undo  buffer
       (for  example,  yw to yank a word).  Yanks object into buffer x.  You must precede the character x with a double quote.	Places the line in
       the undo buffer.

   Restoring and Repeating Changes
       Use the following subcommands in Command mode.  An incomplete subcommand can be canceled by pressing the <Esc> key.  Undoes the	last  com-
       mand.   Restores  the current line if the cursor has not left the line since the last change.  Repeats the last change or increments the np
       command.

	      Note that this command is not meant for use with a macro.  Enter @@ to repeat a macro.  Retrieves the nth last delete of a  complete
	      line or block of lines.  You must precede the character n with a double quote.

   Saving Changes to a File
       Use the following subcommands in Command mode.  An incomplete subcommand can be canceled by pressing <Esc>.  If you are using these subcom-
       mands within the ex editor, do not type the : (colon).  Writes the editing buffer contents to the original file.  Writes the editing buffer
       contents to the named file.  Overwrites file with the editing buffer contents.  [Tru64 UNIX]  Prompts you to enter an encryption key.  When
       you save the file, it is written in encrypted form.  For subsequent edits of the encrypted file, use the -x option to display the  file	in
       its unencrypted form.

   Interrupting, Cancelling, and Exiting vi
       Enters  the  ex	editor	in  Command mode.  Exits vi, saving changes, if any were made.	Quits vi.  If you have changed the contents of the
       editing buffer, vi displays a warning message and does not quit.  Quits vi, discarding the editing buffer with no warning.  Runs  a  shell.
       You  can  return  to vi by pressing <Ctrl-d>.  Runs the file through the specified shell command (causes no change to the file).  Runs com-
       mand, then returns.  Repeats the last :!command command.  Executes the shell command identified by command and replaces the number of lines
       specified  by  n with the output of command.  If n is not specified, the default is 1.  If command expects standard input, the lines speci-
       fied are used as input.	(10!!sort sorts the next 10 lines.)  Works like n!!command, except that lines is  a  line  address  (for  example,
       !Gsort sorts the rest of the file).  Interrupts a subcommand.

   Editing a Second File
       Enter  the following subcommands in Command mode.  An incomplete subcommand can be canceled by pressing the <Esc> key.  Edits file.  If you
       are using this subcommand from the ex editor, do not type the : (colon).  Reedits the current file and discards all changes.   Edits  file,
       starting  at the end.  Edits file, starting at the line number.	Edits the alternate file.  The alternate file is usually the previous cur-
       rent file name.	However, if changes are pending on the current file when a new file is called, the new file becomes  the  alternate  file.
       Reads the file into the editing buffer by adding new lines below the current line.  If you are using this subcommand from the ex editor, do
       not type the : (colon).	Runs the shell command identified by command and places its output in the file by adding new lines below the  cur-
       rent cursor position.

   Using a Tags File
       The ctags command makes a tags file from the specified C, Pascal, FORTRAN, yacc, lex, or LISP source files. A tags file gives the locations
       of function and type definitions in a group of files. To use the next three commands, you must first create a database  of  function  names
       and  their  locations  (called a tags file) using the ctags command.  Edits a file containing tag at the location of tag.  If the tag is in
       another file and the current file has been changed (and noaw is set), a warning is posted. If you are using this  subcommand  from  the	ex
       editor, do not type the :  (colon).  Finds the word at the cursor in the tags file then displays the proper file, placing the cursor at the
       tag.  If the tag is in the current file, moves cursor to it. Same as :ta, but the tag is the word to the right of the cursor.   Returns	to
       the file and line where the cursor was positioned when <Ctrl-]> was entered.

   Editing a List of Files
       Enter  the  following  subcommands  in Command mode.  Edits the next file in the list entered on the command line.  Specifies a new list of
       files to edit.

   Displaying File Information
       [Tru64 UNIX]  Enter the following subcommand in Command mode to show the current file name, the current line number, the number of lines in
       the file, and the percentage of lines of the file that are before the cursor:

       <Ctrl-g>

EXIT STATUS

       The following exit values are returned: Successful completion.  An error occurred.

ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS

       The  following  actions	are  taken  upon receipt of signals: The current editor command is aborted and vi returns to the command level and
       prompts for another command.  The screen is refreshed if in visual mode.  If the current buffer has changed since the last e or w  command,
       vi attempts to save the current file in a state such that it can be recovered later by an ex -r or vi -r command.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

       The following environment variables affect the execution of vi: Overrides the system-selected horizontal screen size.  Determines a list of
       ex commands to be executed at startup before the first file is read.  The list can include multiple commands separated by a  vertical  line
       (|) character.  Determines the pathname of a directory searched at startup for a file named Provides a default value for the international-
       ization variables that are unset or null. If LANG is unset or null, the corresponding value from the default locale is used.  If any of the
       internationalization  variables	contain an invalid setting, the utility behaves as if none of the variables had been defined.  If set to a
       non-empty string value, overrides the values of all the other internationalization variables.  Determines the locale for  the  behavior	of
       ranges,	equivalence  classes, and multicharacter collating elements within regular expressions.  Determines the locale for the interpreta-
       tion of sequences of bytes of text data as characters (for example, single-byte as opposed to multibyte characters in arguments	and  input
       files), the behavior of character classes within regular expressions, the classification of characters as upper- or lower-case letters, the
       case conversion of letters, and the detection of word boundaries.  Overrides the system-selected vertical screen size, used as  the  number
       of  lines in a screenful and the vertical screen size in visual mode.  Determines the locale for the format and contents of diagnostic mes-
       sages written to standard error.  Determines the location of message catalogues for the processing of LC_MESSAGES.  Determines  the  search
       path  for the shell command specified in the editor commands shell, read and write and the visual-mode command !.  Determines the preferred
       command-line interpreter for use in !, shell, read and other commands with an operand of the form !string.  For the shell command the  pro-
       gram will be invoked with the single argument -i, for all others it will be invoked with the two arguments -c and string.  If this variable
       is null or not set, the sh command will be used.  Determines the name of the terminal type. If this variable is unset or  null,	a  default
       terminal type that provides most capabilities is used.

SEE ALSO

       Commands:  ctags(1), edit(1), ed(1), ex(1), grep(1), mesg(1), nroff(1), sed(1)

       Files:  terminfo(4)

       Environment:  environ(5)

       Standards:  standards(5)

																	     vi(1)