01-18-2008
If root edits the files directly, changes will not take effect in most cases and can even be lost. With most versions of cron, the answer to the question is "in memory". Those files are read only as cron starts up. The alternative would be to reread them every minute which would put quite a load on the system. It is critical that you use the crontab command to view and change those files. The crontab command interacts with cron to change the tables in cron's memory.
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CRON(8) BSD System Manager's Manual CRON(8)
NAME
cron -- daemon to execute scheduled commands (Vixie Cron)
SYNOPSIS
cron [-s] [-o] [-x debugflag[,...]]
DESCRIPTION
The cron utility is launched by launchd(8) when it sees the existence of /etc/crontab or files in /usr/lib/cron/tabs. There should be no
need to start it manually. See /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.vix.cron.plist for details.
The cron utility searches /usr/lib/cron/tabs for crontab files which are named after accounts in /etc/passwd; crontabs found are loaded into
memory. The cron utility also searches for /etc/crontab which is in a different format (see crontab(5)).
The cron utility then wakes up every minute, examining all stored crontabs, checking each command to see if it should be run in the current
minute. When executing commands, any output is mailed to the owner of the crontab (or to the user named in the MAILTO environment variable
in the crontab, if such exists).
Additionally, cron checks each minute to see if its spool directory's modification time (or the modification time on /etc/crontab) has
changed, and if it has, cron will then examine the modification time on all crontabs and reload those which have changed. Thus cron need not
be restarted whenever a crontab file is modified. Note that the crontab(1) command updates the modification time of the spool directory
whenever it changes a crontab.
Available options:
-s Enable special handling of situations when the GMT offset of the local timezone changes, such as the switches between the standard
time and daylight saving time.
The jobs run during the GMT offset changes time as intuitively expected. If a job falls into a time interval that disappears (for
example, during the switch from standard time) to daylight saving time or is duplicated (for example, during the reverse switch),
then it is handled in one of two ways:
The first case is for the jobs that run every at hour of a time interval overlapping with the disappearing or duplicated interval.
In other words, if the job had run within one hour before the GMT offset change (and cron was not restarted nor the crontab(5)
changed after that) or would run after the change at the next hour. They work as always, skip the skipped time or run in the added
time as usual.
The second case is for the jobs that run less frequently. They are executed exactly once, they are not skipped nor executed twice
(unless cron is restarted or the user's crontab(5) is changed during such a time interval). If an interval disappears due to the GMT
offset change, such jobs are executed at the same absolute point of time as they would be in the old time zone. For example, if
exactly one hour disappears, this point would be during the next hour at the first minute that is specified for them in crontab(5).
-o Disable the special handling of situations when the GMT offset of the local timezone changes, to be compatible with the old (default)
behavior. If both options -o and -s are specified, the option specified last wins.
-x debugflag[,...]
Enable writing of debugging information to standard output. One or more of the following comma separated debugflag identifiers must
be specified:
bit currently not used
ext make the other debug flags more verbose
load be verbose when loading crontab files
misc be verbose about miscellaneous one-off events
pars be verbose about parsing individual crontab lines
proc be verbose about the state of the process, including all of its offspring
sch be verbose when iterating through the scheduling algorithms
test trace through the execution, but do not perform any actions
FILES
/usr/lib/cron/tabs Directory for personal crontab files
SEE ALSO
crontab(1), launchctl(1), crontab(5), launchd.plist(5), launchd(8)
AUTHORS
Paul Vixie <paul@vix.com>
BSD
June 17, 2007 BSD