1. I wouldn't call a shell "a bridge", it's more a translator/interpretor/UI.
2. The most used shell would have to be "/bin/sh" as that is what *most* shell scripts have as the first line and is the most portable form for scripting.
3. Windows ME was the last Windows to sit on DOS. DOS was originally "QDOS" bought by Microsoft and became "PCDOS" and "MSDOS". NT starting at NT 3.1 was a totally new line built with DEC expertise and with hindsight of 16 bit OS/2.
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If Windows Explorer is a shell, then what is a Kernel?
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Like in a nut a kernel is the heart of an operating system and has a number of features such as scheduling, synchronisation and interprocess communication, depending on the OS this may also include memory management and driver support. There are kernels, microkernels and even nano-kernels, and has nothing to do with shells or Windows explorer, hence apples and oranges.
