frecover(1M)															      frecover(1M)

NAME

       frecover - selectively recover files

SYNOPSIS

       config] device] skip] extarg]

       device]

       config] path] device] graph] path] skip] extarg]

       device] config]

       device] config]

   Remarks
       Note: The and commands are deprecated for creating new archives.  See for more information.

DESCRIPTION

       reads media written by the command.  Its actions are controlled by the selected function or

       The function performed by is specified by one of the following options:

       The backup media is read and the contents are loaded
		   into the directories from which they were backed up.  This option should only be used to recover a complete backup onto a clear
		   directory or to recover an incremental backup after a full level-zero recovery (see fbackup(1M)).  This is the  default  behav-
		   ior.

       The files identified by the
		   and	options  (see  below) are extracted or not extracted from the backup media.  If a file to be extracted matches a directory
		   whose contents have been written to the backup media, and the option is not specified, the directory is recursively	extracted.
		   The	owner,	modification time, and access control list (including optional entries, unless the option is specified) are recov-
		   ered.  If no file argument is given (including an empty graph file), all files on the backup media are  extracted,  unless  the
		   option is specified.

       The index on the current volume is extracted
		   from the backup media and is written to path.

       The volume header on the current volume
		   is  extracted  from	the backup media and is written to path.  The following fields from the header are extracted in the format
		   label:value with one pair per line.

		   On valid		       media, it contains the value (HP-UX 11i Version 3 and beyond).  Previous values of this field  were
					       (between HP-UX 10.20 and HP-UX 11i Version 2 inclusive) and (before HP-UX 10.20).

		   This field contains the result of

		   This field contains the result of

		   This field contains the result of

		   This field contains the result of

		   This field contains the result of

		   This field contains the maximum length in bytes of a data record.

		   This field contains the time
					       was started.

		   This field contains the number of times
					       the media has been used for backup.

		   This field contains a       character followed by 3 digits, and identifies the current volume in the backup.

		   This field contains the number of data records between checkpoints.

		   This field contains the number of files between
					       for backups made with DDS tape drives.

		   This field contains the size of the index.

		   This field is composed of 2 items: the process
					       ID (pid), and the start time of that process.

		   This field contains the language used to make the backup.

       An interrupted full recovery can be continued using this option.
		   uses the information in file path to continue the recovery from where it was interrupted.  The only command line option used by
		   with this option is The values in path override all other options to Note also that only full  recoveries  are  restarted  with
		   this  option, because no history of include or exclude lists is stored in the restart file.	If a partial recovery (i.e., using
		   the option) is interrupted then restarted with this option, continues recovering where  the	partial  recovery  left  off,  but
		   restores all files on the backup media beyond this point.

       The following options can be used in addition to the option above that selects the desired function:

       config	   specifies  the name of a configuration file to be used to alter the behavior of The configuration file allows the user to spec-
		   ify the action to be taken on all errors, the maximum number of attempts at resynchronizing on media errors	option),  and  the
		   action  to be taken on media errors.  Each entry of a configuration file consists of an action identifier followed by a separa-
		   tor followed by the specified action.  Valid action identifiers are and Separators can be either tabs or spaces.  In  the  fol-
		   lowing  sample configuration file, each time an error is encountered, the script is executed.  The script is executed each time
		   the backup media is to be changed.  The maximum number of resynchronization attempts is five.

       path	   is interpreted as a graph to be excluded from the recovery.	There is no limit on how many times the option can be specified.

       device	   identifies the backup device to be used instead of the default or on systems where legacy Device Special Files  (DSF)  is  dis-
		   abled.  If device is reads from standard input.  Thus and can be used in a pipeline to backup and recover a file system as fol-
		   lows:

		   If more than one output file is specified, uses each one successively and then repeats in a cyclical pattern.  Patterns can	be
		   used in the device name in a way similar to file name expansion as done by The expansion of the pattern results in all matching
		   names being in the list of devices used.  A device on the remote machine can be specified in the form creates a server process,
		   on  the remote machine to access the tape device.  If does not exist on the remote system, creates a server process from on the
		   remote machine to access the tape device.  The pattern matching capability does not apply to remote devices.  Only raw magnetic
		   tapes can be remote devices.  The capability is not used when accessing remote DDS devices.

       graph	   defines  a  graph  file.   Graph  files  are text files and contain the list of file names (graphs) to be recovered or skipped.
		   Files are recovered using the option; so, for example, if the user wants to recover all of the graph file contains one entry:

		   It is also possible to skip files by using the option. For example, if a user wants to recover all of except for  the  subgraph
		   the graph file contains two entries:

		   If the graph file is missing, exits with an error message.  An empty graph file results in recovering all files on the media.

       Extract the actual directory, rather than the files that it references.
		   This prevents hierarchical restoration of complete subtrees from the backup media.

       path	   is interpreted as a graph to be included in the recovery.  There is no limit on how many times the option can be specified.

       Print a message each time a file marker is encountered.
		   Using  this	option, prints a message each time either a DDS a filemark (EOF), or a checkpoint record is read.  Although useful
		   primarily for troubleshooting, these messages can also be used to reassure the user that the backup is progressing during long,
		   and otherwise silent, periods during the recovery.

       Recover the file from the backup media irrespective of age.
		   Normally does not overwrite an existing file with an older version of the file.

       Attempt to optimize disk usage by not writing
		   null blocks of data to sparse files.

       Normally    works silently.  Verbose option.   Displays the file type and name of each file processed.

       Automatically answer
		   to any inquiries.

       Do not recover any optional entries in access control lists
		   (ACLs).   Normally,	all  access  control  information,  including  optional  ACL entries, is recovered.  This option drops any
		   optional entries and sets the permissions of the recovered file to the permissions of the backed up file.  Use this option when
		   recovering files backed up from a system with ACLs on a system where ACLs are not present (see acl(5)).

       Recover files without recovering leading directories.
		   For	example,  this option would be used if a user wants to recover and to a local directory without creating each of the graph
		   structures.

       Specifies the handling of any extent attributes backed up by
		   The option takes the following keywords as arguments:

		   Issue a warning message if extent attributes cannot
			     be restored, but restore the file anyway.

		   Do not restore extent attributes.

		   Issue an error message and do not restore the file
			     if extent attributes cannot be restored.

			     Extent attributes cannot be restored if the files are being restored to a file system which does not  support  extent
			     attributes  or  if  the  file  system's  block size is incompatible with the extent attributes.  If is not specified,
			     extarg defaults to

       (no recovery)
		   Prevent from actually recovering any files onto disk, but read the backup as if it was, in fact, recovering the data  from  the
		   backup,  producing  the  same output that it would on a normal recovery.  This option is useful for verifying backup media con-
		   tents in terms of validity (block checksum errors are reported), and contents (a listing of files can be produced by using  the
		   and options together).  Note that the listing of files produced with the and options requires the reading of the entire backup,
		   but is therefore a more accurate reflection of the backup's contents than the index stored  at  the	beginning  of  the  backup
		   (which was created at the start of the backup session, and is not changed during the course of the backup).

       Use the effective uid and gid for the owner and group
		   of the recovered file instead of the values on the backup media.

       does not ask whether it should abort the recovery
		   if it gets a media error.  It tries to skip the bad block or blocks and continue.  Residual or lost data is written to the file
		   named by skip.  The user can then edit this file and recover otherwise irretrievable data.

       Recover files relative to the current working directory.
		   Normally recovers files to their absolute path name.

EXTERNAL INFLUENCES

   Environment Variables
       determines the order in which expects files to be stored on the backup device and the order in which file names are output by the option.

       determines the language in which messages are displayed.

       If and are not specified in the environment or are set to the empty string, the value of is used as a default for each unspecified or empty
       variable.  If is not specified or is set to the empty string, a default of "C" (see lang(5)) is used instead of If any internationalization
       variable contains an invalid setting, behaves as if all internationalization variables are set to "C".  See environ(5).

   International Code Set Support
       Single- and multi-byte character code sets are supported.

WARNINGS

       The and commands are deprecated for creating new archives.  In a future HP-UX release, creation of new archives with  these  commands  will
       not  be supported.  Support will be continued for archive retrieval.  Use the standard command (portable archive interchange) to create ar-
       chives.	See pax(1).

       For incremental backups created prior to installing HP-UX Release 8.0, or for recoveries that do not begin with the first volume  (such	as
       when  reading  tape  3 first), it is possible for the preceding directories to a recoverable file to not be on the media.  This can happen,
       for example, if the directories did not change since the last full backup.  If encounters a file on the backup that  should  be	recovered,
       but  it	has  not recovered the file's parent directories from the backup, it prints a message stating that the recovery will continue with
       that file, and attempts to create the file's parent directories as needed.

       Use of does not require special privileges.  However, if a user does not have access permission to a given file, the file is not recovered.

       In HP-UX 11i Version 3, the maximum value for fields returned from was increased (from 8 to 256).  To accommodate the larger size, a format
       change was necessary.  A new magic number, was created to distinguish this new format.

       Likewise  with HP-UX 10.20, HP-UX added support for large files (greater than 2GB) and increased UID/GIDs (greater than 60,000).  The magic
       number associated with this release through HP-UX 11i Version 2 (inclusive) is

       Archives and files with formats and attributes that are unsupported on previous HP-UX releases could cause severe problems or unpredictable
       behavior  if  attempts were made to restore onto these systems.	For this reason, creates tapes with a magic number that is only recognized
       on releases which support the features and format being archived.  This prevents tape archives from being restored on earlier HP-UX systems
       than are supported.  still reads all tape formats so that tape archives created on earlier HP-UX systems can be restored.

       The index format now includes the file size in the first field; the previous format simply had the '#' character in that field.	The imple-
       mentation provides both forward and backward compatibility between the old and new index formats.  However, the file sizes are used in con-
       junction  with  the  checkpoints  to  increase selective recovery speed on DLT devices, so recovery of an volume that does not have the new
       index format will not see that performance gain.

       When using a DDS tape written with the current release of to do a partial recovery, attempts to use the DDS fast-search capability to  find
       files  on  the tape more quickly.  In order to do this, however, needs to create an in-memory copy of the index, and mark the files on that
       index which it needs to recover before actually reading through the tape to find the files.  This is done when the first index is read from
       the  tape,  and	accounts  for  a period of time just after recovery is begun where the tape is inactive while this in-memory index is con-
       structed.  The larger the index is, the longer this period lasts.

       The utility set comprised of and was originally designed for use on systems equipped with not more than one gigabyte of total  file  system
       storage.   Although the utilities have no programming limitations that restrict users to this size, complete backups and recoveries of sub-
       stantially larger systems can cause a large amount of system activity due to the amount of virtual memory (swap space) used  to	store  the
       indices.   Users  who want to use these utilities, but are noticing poor system-wide performance due to the size of the backup, are encour-
       aged to back up their systems in multiple smaller sessions, rather than attempting to back up the entire system at one time.   However,	if
       the  entire  backup must be done with a single session, the user may encounter an error in if there is not enough virtual memory available.
       If this happens, the user might consider adjusting the maxdsiz parameter or the swap space; both of these require a reboot.

       Note that when recovering files with access control lists, the ACL entries are stored on the backup as user login names.  If a  login  name
       cannot  be  found  in  the  password file, the file is recovered without its ACL, and an error is printed.  In order to fully recover files
       backed up with ACLs, the password file must be recovered before attempting to recover any desired ACLs.

       Network special files are obsolete.  Therefore, cannot restore these files.  A warning message is issued if an attempt is made to recover a
       network special file, and the file is skipped.

       Care  should  be  taken to match the names specified by the include and exclude options with the names in the index on the tape.  Since the
       files are stored on the backup in lexographic order as defined by the or environment variable, uses the exact path names to determine  when
       a  partial  recovery is complete, and when an earlier tape needs to be loaded.  If a user's specification of a file to be recovered is mis-
       spelled, this may cause confusing messages, such as asking for the previous volume, when volume one is mounted.

DEPENDENCIES

       does not support QIC-120 and QIC-150 formats on QIC devices.  If is attempted for these formats, fails and the following  message  is  dis-
       played :

AUTHOR

       was developed by HP.

FILES

       Default backup device.

       Default backup device if legacy DSF is disabled.

SEE ALSO

       cpio(1), pax(1), dump(1M), fbackup(1M), restore(1M), rmt(1M), acl(5).

								  TO BE OBSOLETED						      frecover(1M)